Determination of Relationships between Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits by Correlation and Path Analysis in Oat (Avena spp.)

Tane verimi bir çok özelliğin doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilediği kantitatif bir özelliktir. Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ekolojik koşullarında 2008-2009 yetiştirme döneminde 22 yerel ve 3 ticari yulaf (Avena spp.) çeşidi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, sap kalınlığı (SK), bayrak yaprak uzunluğu (BYU), bayrak yaprak eni (BYE), bitki boyu (BB), salkım uzunluğu (SU), vejetatif periyod (VP), tane dolum periyodu (TDP), ekim-olgunlaşma süresi (EOS), biyomas (B), salkımdaki tane sayısı (STS), salkımdaki tane ağırlığı (STA), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) gibi bazı tarımsal özellikler incelenmiş; ayrıca, bunların tane verimi (TV)’ne olan doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri path ve korelasyon analizleriyle irdelenmiştir. Path analizleri sonucuna göre; TV’ye en yüksek doğrudan etkiyi TDP (% 47.74), VP (% 39.41), B (% 31.15), STS (% 29.80) ve BTA (% 24.78) yapmıştır. Korelasyon analizine göre; TV ile sap kalınlığı (r= 0.480**), bayrak yaprak uzunluğu (r= 0.230*), bayrak yaprak eni (r= 0.241*), tane dolum periyodu (r= 0.224*), ekim-olgunlaşma süresi (r= 0.339**) ve biyomas (r= 0.313**) arasında pozitif ve önemli bir ilişki, bitki boyu (r= -0.315**) arasında ise negatif ve önemli bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Path analizi ve korelasyon katsayıları kullanılarak verim ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerin doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkileri değerlendirilmiş ve Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yapılacak yulaf ıslah çalışmalarında, TDP, VP, B, STS ve STA’nın tane verimi için yapılacak seleksiyonlarda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Grain yield is a quantitative trait that a number of characteristics has direct or indirect effects. This research was carried out in 2008-09 growing season with 22 landraces and 3 commercial oat (Avena spp.) cultivars under Kahramanmaraş ecological conditions. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the research, the traits such as stem diameter(SD), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), grain filling period (GFP), vegetative period (VP), days to maturity (DM), biomass (B), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY) were investigated; the direct and indirect effects of those traits on grain yield were evaluated using Path and correlation analysis. According to Path analysis, GFP (47.74%), VP (39.41%), B (31.15%), GNP (29.80%) and TKW (24.78%) had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Based on correlation analysis there was a positive and significant relationship between grain yield and stem diameter (r= 0.480**), flag leaf length (r= 0.230*), flag leaf width (r= 0.241*), grain filling period (r= 0.224*), days to maturity (r= 0.339**) and biomass (r= 0.313**) while a negative and significant correlation found with plant height (r= -0.315**). In the study, Path analysis and correlation coefficients used to determine direct and indirect effects of some agronomic traits on grain yield showed that GFP, VP, B, GNP and GWP might be used as a selection criteria for grain yield successfully

Arbusküler mikorhizal fungus (AMF)'ların çerezlik ayçiçeğinde tarımsal özellikler üzerine etkisi

Bu çalışmada, arbusküler mikorhizal fungus (AMF)’ların çerezlik ayçiçeğinin (Helianthus annuus L.) verim ve tarımsal özellikleri üzerine etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Deneme 2018 yılı üretim sezonunda Denizli ili Tavas ilçesi çiftçi koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseninde 4 tekrarlamalı olarak planlanmıştır. İncelenen özellikler yönünden AMF’nin tohum kaplama ve üstten uygulaması kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulamalar arası farklılıkların bitki boyu (cm), tabla çapı (cm), dane eni (mm), tek bitki verimi (g), bin dane ağırlığı (g), yaprak sayısı (adet bitki-1), yaprak boyu (cm), dekara verim (kg da-1), klorofil indeksi (CCI) ve SPAD yönünden önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Özelliklere ilişkin ortalama değerler incelendiğinde; tohum kaplama uygulamasına ait bitki boyu (cm), tabla çapı (cm), dane eni (mm), tek bitki verimi (g), bin dane ağırlığı (g), yaprak sayısı (adet bitki-1), yaprak boyu (cm), dekara verim (kg da-1), klorofil indeksi (CCI) ve SPAD değerlerinin önemli düzeyde daha yüksek değerler taşıdığı saptanmıştır. Kabuk oranının istatistiksel yönden AMF ve kontrol koşullarında aynı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuçta, çerezlik ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde özellikle tohum kaplama şeklinde AMF uygulamalarının başarı ile kullanılabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI.............................................................................. iii BİLİMSEL ETİK BİLDİRİM SAYFASI ................................................................ v ÖZET .................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................... xi KISALTMALAR VE SİMGELER DİZİNİ ........................................................... xv ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ............................................................................................. xvii ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ......................................................................................... xix 1. GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................... 1 2. KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ ........................................................................................ 6 3. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ............................................................................. 12 3.1. Materyal .......................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1. Tohumluk ..................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2. Arbusküler Mikorhizal Fungus .................................................................... 12 3.1.3. Deneme Yerinin Özellikleri ......................................................................... 12 3.1.4. İklim Özellikleri ........................................................................................... 12 3.1.5. Toprak Özellikleri ........................................................................................ 13 3.2. Yöntem ............................................................................................................ 13 3.2.1. Denemenin Kuruluşu.................................................................................... 13 3.2.1.1. Uygulama yöntemi ve dozaj miktarı ......................................................... 14 3.2.2. İncelenen Özellikler ..................................................................................... 17 3.3. Verilerin Değerlendirilmesi ............................................................................. 20 4. BULGULAR VE TARTIŞMA .......................................................................... 21 4.1. Bitki Boyu (cm) ............................................................................................... 21 4.2. Tabla Çapı (cm) ............................................................................................... 22 xiv 4.3. Yaprak Sayısı (adet bitki-1) ............................................................................ 23 4.4. Dane Boyu (mm) ............................................................................................ 24 4.5. Dane Eni (mm) ............................................................................................... 25 4.6. Tek Bitki Verimi (g) ....................................................................................... 27 4.7. Dekara Tohum Verimi (kg da-1) .................................................................... 28 4.8. Bin Dane Ağırlığı (g)...................................................................................... 29 4.9. SPAD .............................................................................................................. 31 4.10. Klorofil İndeksi (CCI) .................................................................................. 32 4.11. Yaprak Uzunluğu (cm) ................................................................................. 34 4.12. Yaprak Genişliği (cm) .................................................................................. 35 4.13. Kabuk Oranı (%) .......................................................................................... 37 5. SONUÇ ............................................................................................................. 38 KAYNAKLAR ...................................................................................................... 41 ÖZGEÇMİŞ........................................................................................................... 4

Biralık arpada farklı azot dozlarının verim, tarımsal özellikler ve kalite üzerine etkisi

This study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen on agronomic characters, yield and quality parameters at two malting barley cultivars suitable for Meander Valley ecological conditions, in 2003- 2004. Four nitrogen levels (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha )and control were used. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied at two times as pre-planting and tillering stage. A field experiment was arranged as a split plot block design with three replications. The plant height, flag leaf area, yield, thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content were measured characters. It was obtained that Serife Hanim had higher yield and malting quality than Kaya in the region and 100-112 kg ha nitrogen level was sufficient to get reasonable yield and best quality.Bu çalısma, Büyük Menderes havzasına uygun iki biralık arpa çesidinde azotun verim, tarımsal özellikler ve kalite üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2003-2004 yetistirme periyodunda yürütülmüstür. Dört farklı azot dozu (40, 80, 120 ve 160 kg ha ) ve kontrol kullanılmıstır. Azotlu gübreleme ekim öncesi ve kardeslenme olmak üzere iki farklı dönemde uygulandı. Deneme 3 yinelemeli olarak Bölünmüs Parseller Deneme Deseninde yürütüldü. Bitki boyu, bayrak yapragı alanı, verim, bin tane agırlıgı, hektolitre agırlıgı ve protein içerigi incelendi. Serife Hanım çesidinin malt kalitesi ve verim yönünden Kaya çesidinden daha iyi özelliklere sahip oldugu ve 100112 kg/ha azot dozunun en iyi sonucu verdigi saptandı

CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS FOR SOME EAR YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN POPCORN (ZEA MAYS VAR. EVERTA)

The aim of this study is firstly to determine the suitable observations in popcorn breeding researches. And secondly aim is to identify all the possible interaction between grain yield and yield component in popcorn with correlation and path coefficient analysis. The experiments were designed in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. These experiments were conducted in Samsun, Turkey in 2014 and 2015. The results unveiled a significant and positive correlation between grain yield and the all component. The greatest positive effect on grain yield are yield per ear, grain yield per ear and grain moisture according to the path analysis, respectively. The presented results have demonstrated the potential of privileged of observation yield per ear, grain yield per ear and grain moisture thus increasing yield in popcorn

Seed yield and oil content of some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids irrigated at different growth stages

This research was carried out to determine the effects of irrigation applied at different growth stages on yield, yield components and oil content of sunflower during 2002 and 2003. Sunflower cultivars Sanbro, Tarsan-1018 and Ozdemirbey were used as materials in the experiment which was designed in a split plot of randomized complete blocks with three replications. Seven irrigation schedules; I0 = nonirrigated (control), I1 = irrigation at vegetative stage, I2 = irrigation at heading stage, I3 = irrigation at flowering stage, I4 = I1 + I3 (two irrigations) I5 = I1 + I2 + I3 (three irrigations) and I6 = I1 + I2 + I3 + irrigation at milking stage were applied. According to the results of the research, plant height and head diameter by cultivars and irrigations ranged between 106 to 183 cm and 12.5 to 19.3 cm, respectively. Irrigations at all growth stages increased seed yield by 43.1% in 2002 and 77.2% in 2003. The results revealed that three irrigations should be scheduled at vegetative, bud formation and flowering stages. Under severe conditions of water scarcity, it would be better if irrigation is applied at flowering stage.Key words: Sunflower, irrigation, yield, oil ratio

The comparison of different stubble management systems in terms of fuel, capacity and direct sowing

The stubble that remains on the field after the harvest is burned generally by the farmers in Southeastern Anatolia Region. This study was carried out in order to reduce the problems caused by stubble burning in our country and our region to recommend a wheat harvesting method for farmers. The study that was carried out in 2012 contained two different stubble height and five different stubble management systems. Fuel consumption, field efficiency and the amount of stubble on the field surface were examined in the study. After these applied methods, lentil was directly planted on the harvested areas with a mechanic planter. The effects of the stubble management systems on the rate of seed emergence of lentil were investigated. As a result, the highest fuel consumption was obtained from the system which is making straw by chopper mounted on combine-harvester and removing the straw from the field by trailer attached to the combine-harvester as 29.41 L ha-1 while the highest field efficiency and amount of stubble on the field surface were determined at the system which is harvesting wheat by combine-harvester and leaving the stubble on the field as 1.85 ha h-1 and 3716.43 kg ha-1 respectively. Also the highest rates of seed emergence were obtained from the system which is making straw by chopper mounted on combine-harvester and removing the straw from the field by trailer attached to the combine-harvester as 213.77 number m-2 and from the system making straw by chopper mounted on combine-harvester and spreading the straw to field surface as 203.99 number m-2

ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTATE AFFECT ON THE OATS QUALITY AND YIELD PARAMETERS

Oats are of great economic importance thanks to the high nutritional value of the grain. In this study, the productivity of oats was analyzed in two varieties: control (variants without digestate) and in the variant with digestate, during 2021-2022. The following parameters were tested: plant height, number of grains per panicle, grain yield per hectare and protein content. Highly significant positive correlation coefficients were found between grain yield and number of grains per plants (r=0.68**) and grain yield and plant height (r=0.59*). The results showed that year and digestate had no statistically significant effect on oat grain yield. The obtained values for grain yield were statistically significantly higher in the variant with digestate compared to the control variant. The digestate had a significant effect on the increase of oat yield and yield parameters, therefore its application in the oat crop is recommended