Grounded capacitor-based new floating inductor simulators and a stability test

In this paper, two new floating inductor simulators (FISs), both using two differential difference current conveyors, are considered. The proposed FISs do not suffer from passive component matching constraints and employ a minimum number of passive elements. They use a grounded capacitor; accordingly, they are suitable for integrated circuit technology. They have good low- and high-frequency performances. Simulations are performed with the SPICE program to verify the claimed theory. Moreover, for the first FIS used in a second-order low-pass filter, a stability test is performed as an example. © TÜBITAK

Lossy/Lossless Floating/Grounded Inductance Simulation Using One DDCC

In this work, we present new topologies for realizing one lossless grounded inductor and two floating, one lossless and one lossy, inductors employing a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) and a minimum number of passive components, two resistors, and one grounded capacitor. The floating inductors are based on ordinary dual-output differential difference current conveyor (DO-DDCC) while the grounded lossless inductor is based one a modified dual-output differential difference current conveyor (MDO-DDCC). The proposed lossless floating inductor is obtained from the lossy one by employing a negative impedance converter (NIC). The non-ideality effects of the active element on the simulated inductors are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed grounded inductance simulator as an example, it is used to construct a parallel resonant circuit. SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis

ECCCII-Based Current-Mode Universal Filter with Orthogonal Control of w_o and Q

This paper presents a new current-mode current-controlled four-input five-output universal filter employing one current-controlled current conveyor (CCCII), one electronically tunable CCCII and two grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration provides lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass current responses that taken from the high-output impedance terminals, which enable easy cascadability of the current-mode operation. The filter also offers both orthogonal and electronic controls of the natural frequency and the quality factor through adjusting the bias current of the CCCIIs. For realizing all the filter responses, the proposed filter does not require passive component-matching condition and both active and passive sensitivities are low. In addition, a new current-mode current-controlled single-input five-output universal filter can be achieved by using an additional multiple-output minus-type CCCII. The proposed filter is simulated using PSPICE simulations to confirm the theoretical analysis

Current-mode Biquadratic Universal Filter Design with Two Terminal Unity Gain Cells

A grounded parallel lossy active inductor and two current-mode (CM) universal filters are presented in this paper. All the circuits use two voltage followers (VFs) and a current follower (CF). The parallel lossy active inductor includes a grounded capacitor which is attractive in integrated circuit (IC) technology. The CM universal filters have one input and standard three outputs such as band-pass (BP), low-pass (LP) and high-pass (HP) responses. All-pass and notch outputs can be obtained by adding extra one CF. Suggested structures in this paper can be constructed with commercially available active devices such as AD844s. Non-ideal gain and intrinsic X-terminal parasitic resistor effects are examined. Several computer simulations with SPICE program and experimental results by employing AD844s are drawn to verify theoretical ones

Unconventional Circuit Elements for Ladder Filter Design

Kmitočtové filtry jsou lineární elektrické obvody, které jsou využívány v různých oblastech elektroniky. Současně tvoří základní stavební bloky pro analogové zpracování signálů. V poslední dekádě bylo zavedeno množství aktivních stavebních bloků pro analogové zpracování signálů. Stále však existuje potřeba vývoje nových aktivních součástek, které by poskytovaly nové možnosti a lepší parametry. V práci jsou diskutovány různé aspekty obvodů pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšném módu. Práce reaguje na dnešní potřebu nízkovýkonových a nízkonapěťových aplikací pro přenosné přístroje a mobilní komunikační systémy a na problémy jejich návrhu. Potřeba těchto výkonných nízkonapěťových zařízení je výzvou návrhářů k hledání nových obvodových topologií a nových nízkonapěťových technik. V práci je popsána řada aktivních prvků, jako například operační transkonduktanční zesilovač (OTA), proudový konvejor II. generace (CCII) a CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier). Dále jsou navrženy nové prvky, jako jsou VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) a VDVTA (Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier). Všechny tyto prvky byly rovněž implementovány pomocí "bulk-driven" techniky CMOS s cílem realizace nízkonapěťových aplikací. Tato práce je rovněž zaměřena na náhrady klasických induktorů syntetickými induktory v pasivních LC příčkových filtrech. Tyto náhrady pak mohou vést k syntéze aktivních filtrů se zajímavými vlastnostmi.Frequency filters are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics. They are also the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, a huge number of active building blocks for analogue signal processing was introduced. However, there is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new possibilities and better parameters. The current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode analog circuits and their various aspects are discussed in the thesis. This work reflects the trend of low-power (LP) low-voltage (LV) circuits for portable electronic and mobile communication systems and the problems of their design. The need for high-performance LV circuits encourages the analog designers to look for new circuit architectures and new LV techniques. This thesis presents various active elements such as Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), Current Conveyor of Second Generation (CCII), and Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (CDTA), and introduces novel ones, such as Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) and Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier (VDVTA). All the above active elements were also designed in CMOS bulk-driven technology for LP LV applications. This thesis is also focused on replacement of conventional inductors by synthetic ones in passive LC ladder filters. These replacements can lead to the synthesis of active filters with interesting parameters.

A novel design of active inductors based on current controlled voltage sources

This brief presents a new structure of active inductors. These synthetic inductors are designed using current controlled voltage sources. The signal flow graph method is used for this purpose. For the practical realization, operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRAs) are replicated using current conveyors. The proposed inductors have very interesting properties because the value of its inductance is proportional to the product of the parameter of the OTRAs (rm1rm2) and thus, small capacitor values can be used. Current conveyor based simulated inductors are presented and SPICE simulations are given to show the viability of the proposed synthesis technique. ©2010 IEEE

A New Grounded Current Controlled Inductor Based on Simplified Current Conveyors

In this paper, a new active grounded inductor controlled in current is described. This structure is realized using negative second generation current controlled conveyors and a single grounded capacitor, with no external resistance. The proposed circuit offers many advantages, such as: operation at high frequencies, simple circuit, tuning by the bias current, low power dissipation, etc. Comparison between this topology and those presented in literature is done to highlight the benefits of our structure. As an application, a bandpass filter based on the proposed active inductance is constructed to confirm the usability of the circuit and illustrate these performances. The filter center frequency and quality factor can be tuned independently. Simulation results, given under PSPICE software, present good agreement with the theoretical ones

Synthesis and Analysis of Circuits with Modern Active Elements

Disertační práce pojednává o návrhu a realizaci aktivních kmitočtových filtrů s proudovými (CC – Current Conveyor) a napěťovými konvejory (VC – Voltage Conveyor), dále pak s proudovými aktivními prvky CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter), MCMI (Multi-output CMI) a PCA (Programmable Current Amplifier). V úvodu práce jsou tyto aktivní prvky popsány jako elementy příhodné pro návrh obvodů pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšeném módu, resp. v tzv. čistě proudovém módu, jedná-li se o proudové aktivní prvky. Nové struktury kmitočtových filtrů s vybranými aktivními prvky uvedené v práci jsou navrženy použitím metod zobecněných autonomních obvodů, transformačních článků a grafů signálových toků. Zobecněná metoda autonomních obvodů je založena na tom, že je definována úplná admitanční síť, ke které je připojen zobecněný aktivní prvek či prvky. Definované admitanční sítě pak lze aplikovat pro různé aktivní prvky. Další metoda návrhu užívá transformační články, které jsou použity pro realizaci syntetických prvků s imitacemi vyšších řádů. Jsou uvedeny původní podmínky realizace těchto bloků, které vedou na maximální jednoduchost výsledné struktury s minimálním počtem pasivních a aktivních prvků. Pro efektivní využití další metody využívající grafů signálových toků jsou diskutovány nové redukované grafy vybraných aktivních prvků. Jejich použití vede na přímou syntézu funkčních bloků, které vykazují požadované vlastnosti. Činnost vybraných zapojení byla podrobena analýze v simulačních programech. Aktivní prvky byly přitom realizovány univerzálními proudovými (UCC) nebo napěťovými konvejory (UVC), které byly na našem pracovišti ve spolupráci s firmou AMI Semiconductor Design Centre v Brně navrženy a vyrobeny v technologii CMOS 0,35 m. Tyto aktivní prvky byly také použity k realizaci vybraných zapojení. Reálná měření byla provedeny ve frekvenční oblasti 10 kHz až 100 MHz.The dissertation thesis deals with the synthesis and design of active frequency filters using current (CC) and voltage (VC) conveyors, or current active elements CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter), MCMI (Multi-output CMI) and PCA (Programmable Current Amplifier). As introduction, these active elements are described as suitable for the design of the circuits working in the voltage-, current,- ,and mixed-mode, or in pure current-mode speaking about the current active elements. The new frequency filter structures presented in this thesis using the above mentioned active elements were designed by the generalized autonomous circuit method, transformation cells and signal flow-graph theory. The generalized autonomous circuit method is based on full admittance network to which generalized active elements are connected. The described admittance networks can be used for other active elements. The next method is based on the transformation cells that subsequently are used for the design of synthetic elements with higher-order imittance. Original conditions for the design of such blocks are given that lead to maximal simplicity of the final structure with minimal number of passive and active elements. For effective usage of another method utilizing signal flow-graphs, new reduced graphs of chosen active elements are given. Their usage leads to direct function blocks synthesis with required properties. The functionality and behavior of chosen circuit solutions have been verified by analyses in simulation programs. The active elements were simulated by the universal current conveyor (UCC) or universal voltage conveyors (UVC) that were designed at the FEEC, BUT in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Design Centre Brno with the CMOS 0.35 m technology. These active elements have been also used for the realization of chosen filter structures. The experimental measurements were performed in the in the frequency range 10 KHz to 100 MHz.

Supplementary Inductance Simulator Topologies Employing Single DXCCII

In this study, six grounded inductance simulator circuits are presented including additional useful features in comparison to previous dual-X current conveyor (DXCCII) based implementations. To demonstrate the performance and usefulness of the presented circuits, one of them is used to construct a fifth order Butterworth high-pass filter and a current-mode multifunction filter as application examples. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. The derived DXCCII and its applications are simulated using CMOS 0.35 μm technology