A Markov Chain Model Checker

Markov chains are widely used in the context of performance and reliability evaluation of systems of various nature. Model checking of such chains with respect to a given (branching) temporal logic formula has been proposed for both the discrete [17,6] and the continuous time setting [4,8]. In this paper, we describe a prototype model checker for discrete and continuous-time Markov chains, the Erlangen Twente Markov Chain Checker $(E \vdash MC^2$), where properties are expressed in appropriate extensions of CTL. We illustrate the general bene ts of this approach and discuss the structure of the tool. Furthermore we report on first successful applications of the tool to non-trivial examples, highlighting lessons learned during development and application of $(E \vdash MC^2$)

Abstraction and probabilities for hybrid logics

We suggest and develop mathematical foundations for quantitative versions of hybrid logics by means of two related themes: a relational abstraction technique for hybrid computation tree logic and hybrid Kripke structures as an extension of the model-checking framework for computation tree logic with the ability to name, bind, and retrieve states; and a syntax and semantics for hybrid probabilistic computation tree logic over hybrid extensions of labelled Markov chains for which the relational abstraction techniques of hybrid Kripke structures should be transferable

A New Algorithm for Partitioned Symbolic Reachability Analysis

AbstractBinary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and their multi-terminal extensions have shown to be very helpful for the quantitative verification of systems. Many different approaches have been proposed for deriving symbolic state graph (SG) representations from high-level model descriptions, where compositionality has shown to be crucial for the efficiency of the schemes. Since the symbolic composition schemes deliver the potential SG of a high-level model, one must execute a reachability analysis on the level of the symbolic structures. This step is the main resource of CPU-time and peak memory consumption when it comes to symbolic SG generation. In this work a new operator for zero-suppressed BDDs and their multi-terminal extensions for carrying out (partitioned) symbolic reachability analysis is presented. This algorithm not only replaces standard BDD-based schemes, it even makes symbolic composition as found in contemporary symbolic model checkers such as Prism and Caspa obsolete

STAMINA: Stochastic Approximate Model-Checker for Infinite-State Analysis

Reliable operation of every day use computing system, from simple coffee machines to complex flight controller system in an aircraft, is necessary to save time, money, and in some cases lives. System testing can check for the presence of unwanted execution but cannot guarantee the absence of such. Probabilistic model checking techniques have demonstrated significant potential in verifying performance and reliability of various systems whose execution are defined with likelihood. However, its inability to scale limits its applicability in practice. This thesis presents a new model checker, STAMINA, with efficient and scalable model truncation for probabilistic verification. STAMINA uses a novel model reduction technique generating a finite state representations of large systems that are amenable to existing probabilistic model checking techniques. The proposed method is evaluated on several benchmark examples. Comparisons with another state-of-art tool demonstrates both accuracy and efficiency of the presented method

Probabilistic Verification for Modular Network-on-Chip Systems

Modeling physical systems with formal analysis tools can help in the design of more fault-proof systems, by helping to determine if unpredictable or unwanted behavior may occur. Probabilistic verification further advances such processes, by providing quantitative information about the system. More complex systems can especially benefit from formal modeling and verification, as testing the physical system in every possible condition manually, can be extremely complex, and often impossible. There is a growing interest in the application of Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems. NoCs can help simplify communication between the subsystems of many technologies, including the ever more complex multicore processors being produced. These NoCs come with their own problems, and under high network activity, can cause power fluctuations on the chip’s power supply. These fluctuations can cause data corruption and loss, resulting in reduced performance, and even unpredictable behavior. This work presents a novel approach to creating a modular probabilistic model of an NoC, which can be scaled to meet the needs of a variety of implementations. Additionally, it presents a structured approach for ensuring that NoC models are indeed representative of their physical counterparts

Modeling and formal verification of probabilistic reconfigurable systems

In this thesis, we propose a new approach for formal modeling and verification of adaptive probabilistic systems. Dynamic reconfigurable systems are the trend of all future technological systems, such as flight control systems, vehicle electronic systems, and manufacturing systems. In order to meet user and environmental requirements, such a dynamic reconfigurable system has to actively adjust its configuration at run-time by modifying its components and connections, while changes are detected in the internal/external execution environment. On the other hand, these changes may violate the memory usage, the required energy and the concerned real-time constraints since the behavior of the system is unpredictable. It might also make the system's functions unavailable for some time and make potential harm to human life or large financial investments. Thus, updating a system with any new configuration requires that the post reconfigurable system fully satisfies the related constraints. We introduce GR-TNCES formalism for the optimal functional and temporal specification of probabilistic reconfigurable systems under resource constraints. It enables the optimal specification of a probabilistic, energetic and memory constraints of such a system. To formally verify the correctness and the safety of such a probabilistic system specification, and the non-violation of its properties, an automatic transformation from GR-TNCES models into PRISM models is introduced. Moreover, a new approach XCTL is also proposed to formally verify reconfigurable systems. It enables the formal certification of uncompleted and reconfigurable systems. A new version of the software ZIZO is also proposed to model, simulate and verify such GR-TNCES model. To prove its relevance, the latter was applied to case studies; it was used to model and simulate the behavior of an IPV4 protocol to prevent the energy and memory resources violation. It was also used to optimize energy consumption of an automotive skid conveyor.In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuer Ansatz zur formalen Modellierung und Verifikation dynamisch rekonfigurierbarer Systeme vorgestellt. Dynamische rekonfigurierbare Systeme sind in vielen aktuellen und zukünftigen Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise Flugsteuerungssystemen, Fahrzeugelektronik und Fertigungssysteme zu finden. Diese Systeme weisen ein probabilistisches, adaptives Verhalten auf. Um die Benutzer- und Umgebungsbedingungen kontinuierlich zu erfüllen, muss ein solches System seine Konfiguration zur Laufzeit aktiv anpassen, indem es seine Komponenten, Verbindungen zwischen Komponenten und seine Daten modifiziert (adaptiv), sobald Änderungen in der internen oder externen Ausführungsumgebung erkannt werden (probabilistisch). Diese Anpassungen dürfen Beschränkungen bei der Speichernutzung, der erforderlichen Energie und bestehende Echtzeitbedingungen nicht verletzen. Eine nicht geprüfte Rekonfiguration könnte dazu führen, dass die Funktionen des Systems für einige Zeit nicht verfügbar wären und potenziell menschliches Leben gefährdet würde oder großer finanzieller Schaden entstünde. Somit erfordert das Aktualisieren eines Systems mit einer neuen Konfiguration, dass das rekonfigurierte System die zugehörigen Beschränkungen vollständig einhält. Um dies zu überprüfen, wird in dieser Arbeit der GR-TNCES-Formalismus, eine Erweiterung von Petrinetzen, für die optimale funktionale und zeitliche Spezifikation probabilistischer rekonfigurierbarer Systeme unter Ressourcenbeschränkungen vorgeschlagen. Die entstehenden Modelle sollen über probabilistische model checking verifiziert werden. Dazu eignet sich die etablierte Software PRISM. Um die Verifikation zu ermöglichen wird in dieser Arbeit ein Verfahren zur Transformation von GR-TNCES-Modellen in PRISM-Modelle beschrieben. Eine neu eingeführte Logik (XCTL) erlaubt zudem die einfache Beschreibung der zu prüfenden Eigenschaften. Die genannten Schritte wurden in einer Softwareumgebung für den automatisierten Entwurf, die Simulation und die formale Verifikation (durch eine automatische Transformation nach PRISM) umgesetzt. Eine Fallstudie zeigt die Anwendung des Verfahren