Artificial symbiogenesis and differing reproduction rates

Symbiosis is the phenomenon in which organisms of different species live together in close association. Symbiogenesis is the name given to the process by which symbiotic partners combine and unify. This letter reconsiders previous work using the NKCS model of coevolution to explore symbiogenesis. In particular, the role of different replication rates between the coevolving partners is considered. This is shown to provide a broader scope for the emergence of endosymbioses and subsequent horizontal gene transfers. © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Clasificación multicriterio: una regla simple para tratar problemas complejos

Complex problems require new approaches to be addressed, and these approaches require new operational instruments. It describes multicriteria classification --a comprehensive generalisation of the traditional enumeration and sorting in row-- as a method that allows the simultaneous handling of multiple criteria or dimensions of value for an objective accounting from which, without paradox, arises the need for a subjective decision, showing that the final priority must lie on the processes and not on the objects. It also examines its role in the new foundation of historical systems science (or Natural History)