4,375 research outputs found
On Tarski's axiomatic foundations of the calculus of relations
It is shown that Tarski's set of ten axioms for the calculus of relations is
independent in the sense that no axiom can be derived from the remaining
axioms. It is also shown that by modifying one of Tarski's axioms slightly, and
in fact by replacing the right-hand distributive law for relative
multiplication with its left-hand version, we arrive at an equivalent set of
axioms which is redundant in the sense that one of the axioms, namely the
second involution law, is derivable from the other axioms. The set of remaining
axioms is independent. Finally, it is shown that if both the left-hand and
right-hand distributive laws for relative multiplication are included in the
set of axioms, then two of Tarski's other axioms become redundant, namely the
second involution law and the distributive law for converse. The set of
remaining axioms is independent and equivalent to Tarski's axiom system
A discussion on the origin of quantum probabilities
We study the origin of quantum probabilities as arising from non-boolean
propositional-operational structures. We apply the method developed by Cox to
non distributive lattices and develop an alternative formulation of
non-Kolmogorvian probability measures for quantum mechanics. By generalizing
the method presented in previous works, we outline a general framework for the
deduction of probabilities in general propositional structures represented by
lattices (including the non-distributive case).Comment: Improved versio
Effects and Propositions
The quantum logical and quantum information-theoretic traditions have exerted
an especially powerful influence on Bub's thinking about the conceptual
foundations of quantum mechanics. This paper discusses both the quantum logical
and information-theoretic traditions from the point of view of their
representational frameworks. I argue that it is at this level, at the level of
its framework, that the quantum logical tradition has retained its centrality
to Bub's thought. It is further argued that there is implicit in the quantum
information-theoretic tradition a set of ideas that mark a genuinely new
alternative to the framework of quantum logic. These ideas are of considerable
interest for the philosophy of quantum mechanics, a claim which I defend with
an extended discussion of their application to our understanding of the
philosophical significance of the no hidden variable theorem of Kochen and
Specker.Comment: Presented to the 2007 conference, New Directions in the Foundations
of Physic
A Sound and Complete Axiomatization of Majority-n Logic
Manipulating logic functions via majority operators recently drew the
attention of researchers in computer science. For example, circuit optimization
based on majority operators enables superior results as compared to traditional
logic systems. Also, the Boolean satisfiability problem finds new solving
approaches when described in terms of majority decisions. To support computer
logic applications based on majority a sound and complete set of axioms is
required. Most of the recent advances in majority logic deal only with ternary
majority (MAJ- 3) operators because the axiomatization with solely MAJ-3 and
complementation operators is well understood. However, it is of interest
extending such axiomatization to n-ary majority operators (MAJ-n) from both the
theoretical and practical perspective. In this work, we address this issue by
introducing a sound and complete axiomatization of MAJ-n logic. Our
axiomatization naturally includes existing majority logic systems. Based on
this general set of axioms, computer applications can now fully exploit the
expressive power of majority logic.Comment: Accepted by the IEEE Transactions on Computer
Information-theoretic principle entails orthomodularity of a lattice
Quantum logical axiomatic systems for quantum theory usually include a
postulate that a lattice under consideration is orthomodular. We propose a
derivation of orthomodularity from an information-theoretic axiom. This
provides conceptual clarity and removes a long-standing puzzle about the
meaning of orthomodularity.Comment: Version prior to published, with slight modification
Interval-valued algebras and fuzzy logics
In this chapter, we present a propositional calculus for several interval-valued fuzzy logics, i.e., logics having intervals as truth values. More precisely, the truth values are preferably subintervals of the unit interval. The idea behind it is that such an interval can model imprecise information. To compute the truth values of âp implies qâ and âp and qâ, given the truth values of p and q, we use operations from residuated lattices. This truth-functional approach is similar to the methods developed for the well-studied fuzzy logics. Although the interpretation of the intervals as truth values expressing some kind of imprecision is a bit problematic, the purely mathematical study of the properties of interval-valued fuzzy logics and their algebraic semantics can be done without any problem. This study is the focus of this chapter
Changing a semantics: opportunism or courage?
The generalized models for higher-order logics introduced by Leon Henkin, and
their multiple offspring over the years, have become a standard tool in many
areas of logic. Even so, discussion has persisted about their technical status,
and perhaps even their conceptual legitimacy. This paper gives a systematic
view of generalized model techniques, discusses what they mean in mathematical
and philosophical terms, and presents a few technical themes and results about
their role in algebraic representation, calibrating provability, lowering
complexity, understanding fixed-point logics, and achieving set-theoretic
absoluteness. We also show how thinking about Henkin's approach to semantics of
logical systems in this generality can yield new results, dispelling the
impression of adhocness. This paper is dedicated to Leon Henkin, a deep
logician who has changed the way we all work, while also being an always open,
modest, and encouraging colleague and friend.Comment: 27 pages. To appear in: The life and work of Leon Henkin: Essays on
his contributions (Studies in Universal Logic) eds: Manzano, M., Sain, I. and
Alonso, E., 201
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