Dezambiguizacja angielskich czasowników open i send w ramach ujęcia zorientowanego obiektowo

Przedmiotem rozprawy doktorskiej jest dezambiguizacja dwóch angielskich czasowników kauzatywnych: open (otworzyć/otwierać) oraz send (wysłać/wysyłać) w ramach projektu polegającego na stworzeniu elektronicznych baz danych morfologicznych, syntaktycznych i leksykalnych, znajdujących zastosowanie w tworzeniu słowników elektronicznych typu modifie - modifieur języka ogólnego, jak również języków specjalistycznych. Do dezambiguizacji i analizy wybranych czasowników zastosowano model zorientowany obiektowo Wiesława Banysia, którego parametry umożliwiają opis każdej jednostki leksykalnej w sposób precyzyjny, kompletny i zgodny z wymogami tłumaczenia automatycznego. Pojęciem kluczowym przyjętej metody opisu leksykograficznego jest klasa obiektowa zawierająca elementy wyodrębnione na podstawie atrybutów i operatorów właściwych dla danej klasy, umożliwiających ukazanie polisemii predykatów i wyróżnienie ich poszczególnych użyć. Posługując się modelem zorientowanym obiektowo ustala się zestaw użyć analizowanych czasowników w korpusie, z uwzględnieniem słowników tradycyjnych, następnie grupuje się znalezione okurencje użyć w zbiory posiadające wspólne cechy syntaktyczne, semantyczne i leksykalne, przypisuje się poszczególnym zbiorom użyć tłumaczenia w języku docelowym, konklukzje analizy zapisuje się zarówno w formacie opisowym, jak i w formie tabel. Z prezentowanego w niniejszej rozprawie punktu widzenia wynika fakt, że jest tyle znaczeń danego słowa w języku źródłowym, ile jest jego tłumaczeń w języku docelowym

Developing a unified feature-based model for L2 lexical and syntactic processing

Research on lexical processing shows that lexical representations of L2 speakers are less developed, so frequency and vocabulary size affect the way they use lexical information. Specifically, reduced access to lexical features hinders the processing system of L2 speakers from working efficiently, having an impact on their ability to build syntactic structures in a native-like manner. The present research project aims to construct and test a unified model that explains how lexical and sentence processing interact. First, it develops and validates a productive vocabulary task for L2 Italian to measure vocabulary size. The task, called I-Lex, is based on the existing LEX30 for English, and uses frequency to determine lexical knowledge. Then, adopting the formalism of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, a framework that associates all the information relevant to the grammar with the lexicon, the research project develops a model that explains the effects of lexical access on syntactic processing. The model is tested in two empirical studies on L2 speakers of Italian. The first study, using an Oral Elicited Imitation task, and the I-Lex productive vocabulary task investigates the effects of frequency and vocabulary size on cleft sentences. The second study, using the same productive vocabulary task and a Self-paced Reading task, investigates frequency and vocabulary effects on relative clauses. The results reveal that frequency and vocabulary size interact with the ability of L2 speakers to process both cleft and relative clauses, providing evidence that accessing lexical features is a crucial stage for processing syntactic structures. Based on the results, a feature-based lexical network model is constructed. The model describes how lexical access and the activation of structural links between words can be described using the same set of lexical features. In the last chapter, the model is applied to the results of the two studies

Predicate conjoining in Hadiyya: a head driven PS grammar

In examining certain structures of the East Cushitic language Hadiyya, this thesis, in keeping with recent trends, adopts a mono-stratal framework, framed in terms of the mathematical operation of Unification; namely Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). Chapter 1 is devoted to an exposition of the model employing situation semantics. Chapter 2 discusses the categories of noun, noun phrase, and verb. The discussion centres on the basic morphological categories of Person, Number, Gender and Case, and the variety of verbal forms which are relevant to an appreciation of following chapters, and a tentative (partial) feature system is set out. Chapter 3 deals with the mono-clausal sentence, briefly expounding basic sentence types, with the focus of the chapter on the issues of subcategorisation, constituent order, "pro-drop", and agreement. Several revisions of the formalism are proposed, and a general goal formulated. Part II deals with nexus mechanisms. First is a short chapter, 4, on canonical coordination as it occurs in Hadiyya, in which an attempt is made to formalise resolution rules, and a broader, cross-linguistic look is taken at the categories of Person, Gender and Number in coordinate phrases. Some of Hadiyya's other lexical connectors are also briefly considered. In the two final chapters, both subordinative and coordinative systems are reviewed, and these chapters provide an end-focus to the study. Chapter 5, discusses the adverbial clause, and the complementation system, while Chapter 6 covers clause chaining/ serialisation, switch reference, and the encoding of simultaneous events, in which agreement and control questions are addressed. A short final chapter brings together some of the major theoretical suggestions arising.

Classification-based phrase structure grammar: an extended revised version of HPSG

This thesis is concerned with a presentation of Classification -based Phrase Structure Grammar (or cPSG), a grammatical theory that has grown out of extensive revisions of, and extensions to, HPSG. The fundamental difference between this theory and HPSG concerns the central role that classification plays in the grammar: the grammar classifies strings, according to their feature structure descriptions, as being of various types. Apart from the role of classification, the theory bears a close resemblance to HPSG, though it is by no means a direct translation, including numerous revisions and extensions. A central goal in the development of the theory has been its computational implementation, which is included in the thesis.The presentation may be divided into four parts. In the first, chapters 1 and 2, we present the grammatical formalism within which the theory is stated. This consists of a development of the notion of a classificatory system (chapter 1), and the incorporation of hierarchality into that notion (chapter 2).The second part concerns syntactic issues. Chapter 3 revises the HPSG treatment of specifiers, complements and adjuncts, incorporating ideas that specifiers and complements should be distinguished and presenting a treatment of adjuncts whereby the head is selected for by the adjunct. Chapter 4 presents several options for an account of unbounded dependencies. The accounts are based loosely on that of GPSG, and a reconstruction of GPSG's Foot Feature Principle is presented which does not involve a notion of default. Chapter 5 discusses coordination, employing an extension of Rounds- Kasper logic to allow a treatment of cross -categorial coordination.In the third part, chapters 6, 7 and 8, we turn to semantic issues. We begin (Chapter 6) with a discussion of Situation Theory, the background semantic theory, attempting to establish a precise and coherent version of the theory within which to work. Chapter 7 presents the bulk of the treatment of semantics, and can be seen as an extensive revision of the HPSG treatment of semantics. The aim is to provide a semantic treatment which is faithful to the version of Situation Theory presented in Chapter 6. Chapter 8 deals with quantification, discussing the nature of quantification in Situation Theory before presenting a treatment of quantification in CPSG. Some residual questions about the semantics of coordinated noun phrases are also addressed in this chapter.The final part, Chapter 9, concerns the actual computational implementation of the theory. A parsing algorithm based on hierarchical classification is presented, along with four strategies that might be adopted given that algorithm. Also discussed are some implementation details. A concluding chapter summarises the arguments of the thesis and outlines some avenues for future research

Un formalismo para la extracción de información semántica en textos matemáticos

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,. Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática. Fecha de lectura: 12-6-199

Formal Linguistic Models and Knowledge Processing. A Structuralist Approach to Rule-Based Ontology Learning and Population

2013 - 2014The main aim of this research is to propose a structuralist approach for knowledge processing by means of ontology learning and population, achieved starting from unstructured and structured texts. The method suggested includes distributional semantic approaches and NL formalization theories, in order to develop a framework, which relies upon deep linguistic analysis... [edited by author]XIII n.s