Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems: Foundations – A Conceptual Model and Some Derivations: The AMADEOS Legacy

Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks; Software Engineering; Complex Systems; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet); Computer Application

Architecture matérielle et flot de programmation associé pour la conception de systèmes numériques tolérants aux fautes

Whether in automotive with heat stress or in aerospace and nuclear field subjected to cosmic,neutron and gamma radiation, the environment can lead to the development of faults in electronic systems. These faults, which can be transient or permanent, will lead to erroneous results that are unacceptable in some application contexts. The use of so-called rad-hard components is sometimes compromised due to their high costs and supply problems associated with export rules.This thesis proposes a joint hardware and software approach independent of integration technology for using digital programmable devices in environments that generate faults. Our approach includes the definition of a Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA) able to execute entire application code but also all the hardware and software mechanisms to make it tolerant to transient and permanent faults. This is achieved by the combination of redundancy and dynamic reconfiguration of the CGRA based on a library of configurations generated by a complete conception flow. This implemented flow relies on a flow to map a code represented as a Control and Data Flow Graph (CDFG) on the CGRA architecture by obtaining directly a large number of different configurations and allows to exploit the full potential of architecture.This work, which has been validated through experiments with applications in the field of signal and image processing, has been the subject of two publications in international conferences and of two patents.Que ce soit dans l’automobile avec des contraintes thermiques ou dans l’aérospatial et le nucléaire soumis à des rayonnements ionisants, l’environnement entraîne l’apparition de fautes dans les systèmes électroniques. Ces fautes peuvent être transitoires ou permanentes et vont induire des résultats erronés inacceptables dans certains contextes applicatifs. L’utilisation de composants dits « rad-hard » est parfois compromise par leurs coûts élevés ou les difficultés d’approvisionnement liés aux règles d’exportation.Cette thèse propose une approche conjointe matérielle et logicielle indépendante de la technologie d’intégration permettant d’utiliser des composants numériques programmables dans des environnements susceptibles de générer des fautes. Notre proposition comporte la définition d’une Architecture Reconfigurable à Gros Grains (CGRA) capable d’exécuter des codes applicatifs complets mais aussi l’ensemble des mécanismes matériels et logiciels permettant de rendre cette architecture tolérante aux fautes. Ce résultat est obtenu par l’association de redondance et de reconfiguration dynamique du CGRA en s’appuyant sur une banque de configurations généréepar une chaîne de programmation complète. Cette chaîne outillée repose sur un flot permettant de porter un code sous forme de Control and Data Flow Graph (CDFG) sur l’architecture en obtenant un grand nombre de configurations différentes et qui permet d’exploiter au mieux le potentiel de l’architecture.Les travaux, qui ont été validés aux travers d’expériences sur des applications du domaine du traitement du signal et de l’image, ont fait l’objet de publications en conférences internationales et de dépôts de brevets

Stigmergic approaches applied to flexible fault-tolerant digital VLSI architectures

Parallel implementations are widely used in digital architectures to enhance computational performances, exploiting the number of involved processing units. Cooperative behaviors typical of swarm intelligence can enhance the performances of such systems introducing an amplification effect due to the collective effort of a set of interacting hardware agents. Cooperation can also be exploited like a new weapon to achieve the fault-tolerance goal, with no need for expressly inserted redundant hardware resources. In this paper we present a novel architecture able to address these issues exploiting all the potentiality exposed by this bioinspired approach. A first implementation on CMOS 0.13 μ m technology shows the feasibility of such a design style, allowing preliminary simulations and discussion

UAV or Drones for Remote Sensing Applications in GPS/GNSS Enabled and GPS/GNSS Denied Environments

The design of novel UAV systems and the use of UAV platforms integrated with robotic sensing and imaging techniques, as well as the development of processing workflows and the capacity of ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution data, have enabled a rapid uptake of UAVs and drones across several industries and application domains.This book provides a forum for high-quality peer-reviewed papers that broaden awareness and understanding of single- and multiple-UAV developments for remote sensing applications, and associated developments in sensor technology, data processing and communications, and UAV system design and sensing capabilities in GPS-enabled and, more broadly, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-enabled and GPS/GNSS-denied environments.Contributions include:UAV-based photogrammetry, laser scanning, multispectral imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and thermal imaging;UAV sensor applications; spatial ecology; pest detection; reef; forestry; volcanology; precision agriculture wildlife species tracking; search and rescue; target tracking; atmosphere monitoring; chemical, biological, and natural disaster phenomena; fire prevention, flood prevention; volcanic monitoring; pollution monitoring; microclimates; and land use;Wildlife and target detection and recognition from UAV imagery using deep learning and machine learning techniques;UAV-based change detection

Opinions and Outlooks on Morphological Computation

Morphological Computation is based on the observation that biological systems seem to carry out relevant computations with their morphology (physical body) in order to successfully interact with their environments. This can be observed in a whole range of systems and at many different scales. It has been studied in animals – e.g., while running, the functionality of coping with impact and slight unevenness in the ground is "delivered" by the shape of the legs and the damped elasticity of the muscle-tendon system – and plants, but it has also been observed at the cellular and even at the molecular level – as seen, for example, in spontaneous self-assembly. The concept of morphological computation has served as an inspirational resource to build bio-inspired robots, design novel approaches for support systems in health care, implement computation with natural systems, but also in art and architecture. As a consequence, the field is highly interdisciplinary, which is also nicely reflected in the wide range of authors that are featured in this e-book. We have contributions from robotics, mechanical engineering, health, architecture, biology, philosophy, and others

Using MapReduce Streaming for Distributed Life Simulation on the Cloud

Distributed software simulations are indispensable in the study of large-scale life models but often require the use of technically complex lower-level distributed computing frameworks, such as MPI. We propose to overcome the complexity challenge by applying the emerging MapReduce (MR) model to distributed life simulations and by running such simulations on the cloud. Technically, we design optimized MR streaming algorithms for discrete and continuous versions of Conway’s life according to a general MR streaming pattern. We chose life because it is simple enough as a testbed for MR’s applicability to a-life simulations and general enough to make our results applicable to various lattice-based a-life models. We implement and empirically evaluate our algorithms’ performance on Amazon’s Elastic MR cloud. Our experiments demonstrate that a single MR optimization technique called strip partitioning can reduce the execution time of continuous life simulations by 64%. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose and evaluate MR streaming algorithms for lattice-based simulations. Our algorithms can serve as prototypes in the development of novel MR simulation algorithms for large-scale lattice-based a-life models.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_books/1014/thumbnail.jp

Evolutionary Computation

This book presents several recent advances on Evolutionary Computation, specially evolution-based optimization methods and hybrid algorithms for several applications, from optimization and learning to pattern recognition and bioinformatics. This book also presents new algorithms based on several analogies and metafores, where one of them is based on philosophy, specifically on the philosophy of praxis and dialectics. In this book it is also presented interesting applications on bioinformatics, specially the use of particle swarms to discover gene expression patterns in DNA microarrays. Therefore, this book features representative work on the field of evolutionary computation and applied sciences. The intended audience is graduate, undergraduate, researchers, and anyone who wishes to become familiar with the latest research work on this field