Strategies of development and maintenance in supervision, control, synchronization, data acquisition and processing in light sources

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Tecnoloxías da Información e as Comunicacións. 5032V01[Resumo] Os aceleradores de partículas e fontes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para estar na vangarda da tecnoloxía, levando os límites cada vez mais lonxe para explorar novos dominios e universos. Os sistemas de control son unha parte crucial desas instalacións científicas e buscan logra-la flexibilidade de manobra para poder facer experimentos moi variados, con configuracións diferentes que engloban moitos tipos de detectores, procedementos, mostras a estudar e contornas. As propostas de experimento son cada vez máis ambiciosas e van sempre un paso por diante do establecido. Precísanse detectores cada volta máis rápidos e eficientes, con máis ancho de banda e con máis resolución. Tamén é importante a operación simultánea de varios detectores tanto escalares como mono ou bidimensionáis, con mecanismos de sincronización de precisión que integren as singularidades de cada un. Este traballo estuda as solucións existentes no campo dos sistemas de control e adquisición de datos nos aceleradores de partículas e fontes de luz e raios X, ó tempo que explora novos requisitos e retos no que respecta á sincronización e velocidade de adquisición de datos para novos experimentos, a optimización do deseño, soporte, xestión de servizos e custos de operación. Tamén se estudan diferentes solucións adaptadas a cada contorna.[Resumen] Los aceleradores de partículas y fuentes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para estar en la vanguardia de la tecnología, y poder explorar nuevos dominios. Los sistemas de control son una parte fundamental de esas instalaciones científicas y buscan lograr la máxima flexibilidad para poder llevar a cabo experimentos más variados, con configuraciones diferentes que engloban varios tipos de detectores, procedimientos, muestras a estudiar y entornos. Los experimentos se proponen cada vez más ambiciosos y en ocasiones más allá de los límites establecidos. Se necesitan detectores cada vez más rápidos y eficientes, con más resolución y ancho de banda, que puedan sincronizarse simultáneamente con otros detectores tanto escalares como mono y bidimensionales, integrando las singularidades de cada uno y homogeneizando la adquisición de datos. Este trabajo estudia los sistemas de control y adquisición de datos de aceleradores de partículas y fuentes de luz y rayos X, y explora nuevos requisitos y retos en lo que respecta a la sincronización y velocidad de adquisición de datos, optimización y costo-eficiencia en el diseño, operación soporte, mantenimiento y gestión de servicios. También se estudian diferentes soluciones adaptadas a cada entorno.[Abstract] Particle accelerators and photon sources are constantly evolving, attaining the cutting-edge technologies to push the limits forward and explore new domains. The control systems are a crucial part of these installations and are required to provide flexible solutions to the new challenging experiments, with different kinds of detectors, setups, sample environments and procedures. Experiment proposals are more and more ambitious at each call and go often a step beyond the capabilities of the instrumentation. Detectors shall be faster, with higher efficiency, more resolution, more bandwidth and able to synchronize with other detectors of all kinds; scalars, one or two-dimensional, taking into account their singularities and homogenizing the data acquisition. This work examines the control and data acquisition systems for particle accelerators and X- ray / light sources and explores new requirements and challenges regarding synchronization and data acquisition bandwidth, optimization and cost-efficiency in the design / operation / support. It also studies different solutions depending on the environment

Safety and Reliability - Safe Societies in a Changing World

The contributions cover a wide range of methodologies and application areas for safety and reliability that contribute to safe societies in a changing world. These methodologies and applications include: - foundations of risk and reliability assessment and management - mathematical methods in reliability and safety - risk assessment - risk management - system reliability - uncertainty analysis - digitalization and big data - prognostics and system health management - occupational safety - accident and incident modeling - maintenance modeling and applications - simulation for safety and reliability analysis - dynamic risk and barrier management - organizational factors and safety culture - human factors and human reliability - resilience engineering - structural reliability - natural hazards - security - economic analysis in risk managemen

Multiphase flows in polymer microfluidic systems

Continuous delivery of segmented reagents using pressure-driven multiphase flow in microchannels is a promising technology for high throughput microfluidic bioassays. Separation and encapsulation of the target reagents with another inert fluid provide many advantages over single phase flow in microfluidic applications of biotechnology. In order to achieve these advantages and control these multiphase flows, it is necessary to understand their generation and transport characteristics as influenced by geometrical miniaturization, channel wall properties, the effects of surfactants and operating conditions. For gas-liquid two-phase flow, dry air and deionized water were driven into hot embossed PMMA microchannels with 200 μm square test microchannels. Flow regimes, flow maps and the lengths of the gas bubbles and liquid plugs in terms of the liquid volumetric flow ratio (βL) were determined. Continuous generation of regular segmented flow was also discussed. Three sub-regimes of the Segmented flow were identified based on the statistical phase length scales observed over a substantial test channel length. For the liquid-liquid segmented flow, deionized water and perfluorocarbon with a surfactant were used as test fluids in the hot embossed polycarbonate microchannels. The effects of three expansion ratios from the injection to the test channels of 2, 4, and 16 were investigated comparing the flow regimes, transitions and maps in terms of a fixed carrier fluid volumetric flow ratio. The length of the dispersed fluids and the distance between consecutive droplets or plugs in terms of the carrier fluid volumetric flow ratio (βC) were determined. Velocities of the dispersed droplets and plugs were measured using double-pulsed laser illumination and were found to be 1.46 ± 0.08 and 1.25 ± 0.05 times faster than the superficial velocity of the segmented flow, respectively. The multiphase flow pressure drops were measured for all of the flow regimes in gas-liquid two-phase and liquid-liquid segmented flows. Each flow regime identified on the basis of topological observations, including the length scale of each fluid phase and the number of the gas bubbles or dispersed droplets in unit length with respect to the volumetric flow ratio, was associated with different trends in the pressure drop variation

EVALUATING DIFFERENTIAL NUCLEAR DNA YIELD RATES AMONG HUMAN BONE TISSUE TYPES: A SYNCHROTRON MICRO-CT APPROACH

Molecular human identification has conventionally focused on DNA sampling from dense, weight-bearing cortical bone tissue from femora or tibiae. A comparison of skeletal elements from three contemporary individuals demonstrated that elements with high quantities of cancellous bone yielded nuclear DNA at the highest rates, suggesting that preferentially sampling cortical bone is suboptimal (Mundorff & Davoren, 2014). Despite these findings, the reason for the differential DNA yields between cortical and cancellous bone tissues remains unknown. The primary goal of this research is to ascertain whether differences in bone microstructure can be used to explain differential nuclear DNA yield among bone tissue types, with a focus on osteocytes and the 3D quantification of their associated lacunae. Osteocytes and other bone cells are recognized to house DNA in bone tissue, thus examining the density of their lacunae may explain why nuclear DNA yield rates differ among bone tissue types. Methods included: (1) quantifying cortical and cancellous bone volume from each bone-sampling site using Computed Tomography (CT), and (2) visualizing and quantifying osteocyte lacunae using synchrotron radiation micro-Computed Tomographic imaging (SR micro-CT). Regions of interest (ROIs) from cortical and cancellous bone tissues (n=129) were comparatively analyzed from the three skeletons sampled for Mundorff and Davoren’s (2014) study. Analyses tested the primary hypothesis that the abundance and density of bone’s cellular spaces vary between cortical and cancellous bone tissue types. Results demonstrated that osteocyte lacunar abundance and density vary between cortical and cancellous bone tissue types, with cortical bone ROIs containing a higher lacunar abundance and density. The osteocyte lacunar density values are independent of nuclear DNA yield, suggesting an alternative explanation for the higher nuclear DNA yields from predominantly cancellous bones. It is hypothesized that soft tissue remnants within the medullary cavities of primarily cancellous skeletal elements are driving the high nuclear DNA yields. These findings have significant implications for bone-sample selection for nuclear DNA analysis in a forensic context. The procurement of small, primarily cancellous bones with associated soft tissues should be preferentially sampled, and no longer dismissed as potential DNA sources in favor of cortical bone tissue

42nd Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry

Abstracts from the 42nd annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Broomfield, Colorado, July 30 - August 3, 2000

Risk Management

Every business and decision involves a certain amount of risk. Risk might cause a loss to a company. This does not mean, however, that businesses cannot take risks. As disengagement and risk aversion may result in missed business opportunities, which will lead to slower growth and reduced prosperity of a company. In today's increasingly complex and diverse environment, it is crucial to find the right balance between risk aversion and risk taking. To do this it is essential to understand the complex, out of the whole range of economic, technical, operational, environmental and social risks associated with the company's activities. However, risk management is about much more than merely avoiding or successfully deriving benefit from opportunities. Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks. Lastly, risk management helps a company to handle the risks associated with a rapidly changing business environment

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii