22,236 research outputs found
Smart Device for the Determination of Heart Rate Variability in Real Time
This work presents a first approach to the design, development, and implementation of a smart device for the real-time
measurement and detection of alterations in heart rate variability (HRV). The smart device follows a modular design scheme,
which consists of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition module, a processing module and a wireless communications
module. From five-minute ECG signals, the processing module algorithms perform a spectral estimation of the HRV. The
experimental results demonstrate the viability of the smart device and the proposed processing algorithms.FundaciĂłn PĂşblica Andaluza Progreso y Salud. Gobierno de AndalucĂa PI-0010-2013 y PI-0041-2014Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) PI15 / 00306 y DTS15 / 00195CIBER-BBN INT-2-CAR
Real-time human ambulation, activity, and physiological monitoring:taxonomy of issues, techniques, applications, challenges and limitations
Automated methods of real-time, unobtrusive, human ambulation, activity, and wellness monitoring and data analysis using various algorithmic techniques have been subjects of intense research. The general aim is to devise effective means of addressing the demands of assisted living, rehabilitation, and clinical observation and assessment through sensor-based monitoring. The research studies have resulted in a large amount of literature. This paper presents a holistic articulation of the research studies and offers comprehensive insights along four main axes: distribution of existing studies; monitoring device framework and sensor types; data collection, processing and analysis; and applications, limitations and challenges. The aim is to present a systematic and most complete study of literature in the area in order to identify research gaps and prioritize future research directions
Fog Computing in Medical Internet-of-Things: Architecture, Implementation, and Applications
In the era when the market segment of Internet of Things (IoT) tops the chart
in various business reports, it is apparently envisioned that the field of
medicine expects to gain a large benefit from the explosion of wearables and
internet-connected sensors that surround us to acquire and communicate
unprecedented data on symptoms, medication, food intake, and daily-life
activities impacting one's health and wellness. However, IoT-driven healthcare
would have to overcome many barriers, such as: 1) There is an increasing demand
for data storage on cloud servers where the analysis of the medical big data
becomes increasingly complex, 2) The data, when communicated, are vulnerable to
security and privacy issues, 3) The communication of the continuously collected
data is not only costly but also energy hungry, 4) Operating and maintaining
the sensors directly from the cloud servers are non-trial tasks. This book
chapter defined Fog Computing in the context of medical IoT. Conceptually, Fog
Computing is a service-oriented intermediate layer in IoT, providing the
interfaces between the sensors and cloud servers for facilitating connectivity,
data transfer, and queryable local database. The centerpiece of Fog computing
is a low-power, intelligent, wireless, embedded computing node that carries out
signal conditioning and data analytics on raw data collected from wearables or
other medical sensors and offers efficient means to serve telehealth
interventions. We implemented and tested an fog computing system using the
Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi that allows acquisition, computing, storage and
communication of the various medical data such as pathological speech data of
individuals with speech disorders, Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal for heart rate
estimation, and Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based Q, R, S detection.Comment: 29 pages, 30 figures, 5 tables. Keywords: Big Data, Body Area
Network, Body Sensor Network, Edge Computing, Fog Computing, Medical
Cyberphysical Systems, Medical Internet-of-Things, Telecare, Tele-treatment,
Wearable Devices, Chapter in Handbook of Large-Scale Distributed Computing in
Smart Healthcare (2017), Springe
Optical based noninvasive glucose monitoring sensor prototype
Diabetes mellitus claims millions of lives every year. It affects the body in various ways by leading to many serious illnesses and premature mortality. Heart and kidney diseases, which are caused by diabetes, are increasing at an alarming rate. In this paper, we report a study of a noninvasive measurement technique to determine the glucose levels in the human body. Current existing methods to quantify the glucose level in the blood are predominantly invasive that involve taking the blood samples using finger pricking. In this paper, we report a spectroscopy-based noninvasive glucose monitoring system to measure glucose concentration. Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy is used and in vitro experiments are conducted, as well as in vivo. Our experimental study confirms a correlation between the sensor output voltage and glucose concentration levels. We report a low-cost prototype of spectroscopy-based noninvasive glucose monitoring system that demonstrates promising results in vitro and establishes a relationship between the optical signals and the changing levels of blood–glucose concentration
Advanced sensors technology survey
This project assesses the state-of-the-art in advanced or 'smart' sensors technology for NASA Life Sciences research applications with an emphasis on those sensors with potential applications on the space station freedom (SSF). The objectives are: (1) to conduct literature reviews on relevant advanced sensor technology; (2) to interview various scientists and engineers in industry, academia, and government who are knowledgeable on this topic; (3) to provide viewpoints and opinions regarding the potential applications of this technology on the SSF; and (4) to provide summary charts of relevant technologies and centers where these technologies are being developed
Continuous monitoring of vital parameters for clinically valid assessment of human health status
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia BiomĂ©dica e BiofĂsica (Sinais e Imagens MĂ©dicas) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiĂŞncias, 2019The lack of devices suitable for acquiring accurate and reliable measures of patients' physiolog-ical signals in a remote and continuous manner together with the advances in data acquisition technol-ogies during the last decades, have led to the emergence of wearable devices for healthcare. Wearable devices enable remote, continuous and long-term health monitoring in unattended setting. In this con-text, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology (Empa) developed a wearable system for long-term electrocardiogram measurements, referred to as textile belt. It consists of a chest strap with two embroidered textile electrodes. The validity of Empa’s system for electrocardiogram monitoring has been proven in a clinical setting. This work aimed to assess the validity of the textile belt for electrocardiogram monitoring in a home setting and to supplement the existing system with sensors for respiratory monitoring. Another objective was to evaluate the suitability of the same weara-ble, as a multi-sensor system, for activity monitoring. A study involving 12 patients (10 males and 2 females, interquartile range for age of 48–59 years and for body mass indexes of 28.0–35.5 kg.m-2) with suspected sleep apnoea was carried out. Overnight electrocardiogram was measured in a total of 28 nights. The quality of recorded signals was assessed using signal-to-noise ratio, artefacts detection and PoincarĂ© plots. Study data were compared to data from the same subjects, acquired in the clinical setting. For respiratory monitoring, optical fibre-based sensors of different geometries were integrated into the textile belt. Signal processing algorithms for breathing rate and tidal volume estimation based on respiratory signals acquired by the sensors were developed. Pilot studies were conducted to compare the different approaches for respiratory monitoring. The quality of respiratory signals was determined based on signal segments “sinusoidality”, evaluated through the calculation of the cross-correlation between signal segments and segment-specific reference waves. A method for accelerometry-based lying position recognition was proposed, and the proof of concept of activity intensity classification through the combination of subjects’ inertial acceleration, heart rate and breathing rate data, was presented. Finally, a study with three participants (1 male and 2 females, aged 21 ± 2 years, body mass index of 20.3 ± 1.5 kg.m-2) was conducted to assess the validity of the textile belt for respiratory and activity monitoring. Electrocardiogram signals acquired by the textile belt in the home setting were found to have better quality than the data acquired by the same device in the clinical setting. Although a higher artefact percentage was found for the textile belt, signal-to-noise ratio of electrocardiogram signals recorded by the textile belt in the home setting was similar to that of signals acquired by the gel electrodes in the clinical setting. A good agreement was found between the RR-intervals derived from signals recorded in home and clinical settings. Besides, for artefact percentages greater than 3%, visual assessment of PoincarĂ© plots proved to be effective for the determination of the primary source of artefacts (noise or ectopic beats). Acceleration data allowed posture recognition (i.e. lying or standing/sitting, lying position) with an accuracy of 91% and positive predictive value of 80%. Lastly, preliminary results of physical activity intensity classification yielded high accuracy, showing the potential of the proposed method. The textile belt proved to be appropriate for long-term, remote and continuous monitoring of subjects’ physical and physiological parameters. It can monitor not only electrocardiogram, but also breathing rate, body posture and physical activity intensity, having the potential to be used as tool for disease prediction and diagnose support.Contexto: A falta de dispositivos adequados para a monitorização de sinais fisiolĂłgicos de um modo remoto e contĂnuo, juntamente com avanços tecnolĂłgicos na área de aquisição de dados nas Ăşltimas dĂ©cadas, levaram ao surgimento de wearable devices, i.e. dispositivos vestĂveis, no sector da saĂşde. Wearable devices possibilitam a monitorização do estado de saĂşde, de uma forma remota, contĂnua e de longa duração. Quando feito em ambiente domiciliar, este tipo de monitorização (i.e. contĂnua, remota e de longa duração) tem várias vantagens: diminui a pressĂŁo posta sobre o sistema de saĂşde, reduz despesas associadas ao internamento e acelera a resposta a emergĂŞncias, permitindo deteção precoce e prevenção de condições crĂłnicas. Neste contexto, a Empa, LaboratĂłrios Federais SuĂços de CiĂŞncia e Tecnologia de Materiais, desenvolveu um sistema vestĂvel para a monitorização de eletrocardiograma de longa duração. Este sistema consiste num cinto peitoral com dois elĂ©trodos tĂŞxteis integrados. Os elĂ©trodos tĂŞxteis sĂŁo feitos de fio de polietileno tereftalato revestido com prata e uma ultrafina camada de titânio no topo. De modo a garantir a aquisição de sinais de alta qualidade, o cinto tem nele integrado um reservatĂłrio de água que liberta vapor de água para humidificar os elĂ©trodos. Este reservatĂłrio per-mite a monitorização contĂnua de eletrocardiograma por 5 a 10 dias, sem necessitar de recarga. A vali-dade do cinto para a monitorização de eletrocardiograma em ambiente clĂnico já foi provada. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a validade do cinto para a monitorização de eletrocar-diograma em ambiente domiciliar e complementar o sistema existente com sensores para monitorização respiratĂłria. Um outro objetivo foi analisar a adequação do cinto, como um sistema multisensor, para monitorização da atividade fĂsica. MĂ©todos: Um estudo com 12 pacientes com suspeita de apneia do sono (10 homens e 2 mulheres, am-plitude interquartil de 48–59 anos para a idade e de 28.0–35.5 kg.m-2 para o Ăndice de massa corporal) foi conduzido para avaliar a qualidade do sinal de eletrocardiograma medido em ambiente domiciliar. O sinal de eletrocardiograma dos pacientes foi monitorizado continuamente, num total de 28 noites. A qualidade dos sinais adquiridos foi analisada atravĂ©s do cálculo da razĂŁo sinal-ruĂdo; da deteção de ar-tefactos, i.e., intervalos RR com um valor inviável de um ponto de vista fisiolĂłgico; e de gráficos de PoincarĂ©, um mĂ©todo de análise nĂŁo linear da distribuição dos intervalos RR registados. Os dados ad-quiridos neste estudo foram comparados com dados dos mesmos pacientes, adquiridos em ambiente hospitalar. Para a monitorização respiratĂłria, sensores feitos de fibra Ăłptica foram integrados no cinto. Al-gorĂtmicos para a estimar a frequĂŞncia respiratĂłria e o volume corrente dos sujeitos tendo por base o sinal medido pelas fibras Ăłpticas foram desenvolvidos neste trabalho. As diferentes abordagens foram comparadas atravĂ©s de estudos piloto. Diferentes mĂ©todos para avaliação da qualidade do sinal adquirido foram sugeridos. Um mĂ©todo de reconhecimento da postura corporal atravĂ©s do cálculo de ângulos de orientação com base na aceleração medida foi proposto. A prova de conceito da determinação da intensidade da atividade fĂsica pela combinação de informações relativas á aceleração inercial e frequĂŞncias cardĂaca e respiratĂłria dos sujeitos, Ă© tambĂ©m apresentada neste trabalho. Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a validade do cinto para monitorização da respiração e da atividade fĂsica. O estudo contou com 10 parti-cipantes, dos quais 3 vestiram o cinto para monitorização da respiração (1 homem e 2 mulheres, idade 21 ± 2 anos, Ăndice de massa corporal 20.3 ± 1.5 kg.m-2). Resultados: O estudo feito com pacientes com suspeita de apneia do sono revelou que os sinais eletro-cardiográficos adquiridos pelo cinto em ambiente domiciliar foram de melhor qualidade que os sinais adquiridos pelo mesmo dispositivo em ambiente hospitalar. Uma percentagem de artefacto de 2.87% ±4.14% foi observada para os dados adquiridos pelos elĂ©trodos comummente usados em ambiente hospi-talar, 7.49% ± 10.76% para os dados adquiridos pelo cinto em ambiente domiciliar e 9.66% ± 14.65% para os dados adquiridos pelo cinto em ambiente hospitalar. Embora tenham tido uma maior percenta-gem de artefacto, a razĂŁo sinal-ruĂdo dos sinais eletrocardiográficos adquiridos pelo cinto em ambiente domiciliar foi semelhante á dos sinais adquiridos pelos elĂ©trodos de gel em ambiente hospitalar. Resul-tados sugerem uma boa concordância entre os intervalos RR calculados com base nos eletrocardiogra-mas registados em ambientes hospitalar e domiciliar. AlĂ©m disso, para sinais com percentagem de arte-facto superior a 3%, a avaliação visual dos gráficos de PoincarĂ© provou ser um bom mĂ©todo para a determinação da fonte primária de artefactos (batimentos irregulares ou ruĂdo). A monitorização da aceleração dos sujeitos permitiu o reconhecimento da postura corporal (isto Ă©, deitado ou sentado/em pĂ©) com uma exatidĂŁo de 91% e valor preditivo positivo de 80%. Por fim, a classificação da intensidade da atividade fĂsica baseado na aceleração inercial e frequĂŞncias cardĂaca e respiratĂłria revelou elevada exatidĂŁo, mostrando o potencial desta tĂ©cnica. ConclusĂŁo: O cinto desenvolvido pela Empa provou ser apropriado para monitorização de longa-dura-ção de variáveis fĂsicas e fisiolĂłgicos, de uma forma remota e contĂnua. O cinto permite nĂŁo sĂł monito-rizar eletrocardiograma, mas tambĂ©m frequĂŞncia respiratĂłria, postura corporal e intensidade da atividade fĂsica. Outros estudos devem ser conduzidos para corroborar os resultados e conclusões deste trabalho. Outros sensores poderĂŁo ser integrados no cinto de modo a possibilitar a monitorização de outras vari-áveis fisiolĂłgicas de relevância clĂnica. Este sistema tem o potencial de ser usado como uma ferramenta para predição de doenças e apoio ao diagnĂłstico
Wearable Computing for Health and Fitness: Exploring the Relationship between Data and Human Behaviour
Health and fitness wearable technology has recently advanced, making it
easier for an individual to monitor their behaviours. Previously self generated
data interacts with the user to motivate positive behaviour change, but issues
arise when relating this to long term mention of wearable devices. Previous
studies within this area are discussed. We also consider a new approach where
data is used to support instead of motivate, through monitoring and logging to
encourage reflection. Based on issues highlighted, we then make recommendations
on the direction in which future work could be most beneficial
a critical review
The availability of wearable devices (WDs) to collect biometric information and their use during activities of daily living is significantly increasing in the general population. These small electronic devices, which record fitness and health-related outcomes, have been broadly utilized in industries such as medicine, healthcare, and fitness. Since they are simple to use and progressively cheaper, they have also been used for numerous research purposes. However, despite their increasing popularity, most of these WDs do not accurately measure the proclaimed outcomes. In fact, research is equivocal about whether they are valid and reliable methods to specifically evaluate physical activity and health-related outcomes in older adults, since they are mostly designed and produced considering younger subjects? physical and mental characteristics. Additionally, their constant evolution through continuous upgrades and redesigned versions, suggests the need for constant
up-to-date reviews and research. Accordingly, this article aims to scrutinize the state-of-the-art scientific evidence about the usefulness of WDs, specifically on older adults, to monitor physical activity and health-related outcomes. This critical review not only aims to inform older consumers but also aid researchers in study design when selecting physical activity and healthcare monitoring devices for elderly people.DB19-D819-F720 | Carlos Eduardo da Silva TeixeiraN/
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