9,800 research outputs found
Mitochondria: It is all about energy
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases
The signs of computer tomography combined with artificial intelligence can indicate the correlation between status of consciousness and primary brainstem hemorrhage of patients
BackgroundFor patients of primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBH), it is crucial to find a method that can quickly and accurately predict the correlation between status of consciousness and PBH.ObjectiveTo analyze the value of computer tomography (CT) signs in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) technique in predicting the correlation between status of consciousness and PBH.MethodsA total of 120 patients with PBH were enrolled from August 2011 to March 2021 according to the criteria. Patients were divided into three groups [consciousness, minimally conscious state (MCS) and coma] based on the status of consciousness. Then, first, Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation test were used on the factors: gender, age, stages of intracerebral hemorrhage, CT signs with AI or radiology physicians, hemorrhage involving the midbrain or ventricular system. We collected hemorrhage volumes and mean CT values with AI. Second, those significant factors were screened out by the Mann–Whitney U test and those highly or moderately correlated by Spearman’s rank correlation test, and a further ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to find independent predictors of the status of consciousness. At last, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to calculate the hemorrhage volume for predictively assessing the status of consciousness.ResultsPreliminary meaningful variables include hemorrhage involving the midbrain or ventricular system, hemorrhage volume, grade of hematoma shape and density, and CT value from Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman rank correlation test. It is further shown by ordinal multinomial logistic regression analysis that hemorrhage volume and hemorrhage involving the ventricular system are two major predictors of the status of consciousness. It showed from ROC that the hemorrhage volumes of <3.040 mL, 3.040 ~ 6.225 mL and >6.225 mL correspond to consciousness, MCS or coma, respectively. If the hemorrhage volume is the same, hemorrhage involving the ventricular system should be correlated with more severe disorders of consciousness (DOC).ConclusionCT signs combined with AI can predict the correlation between status of consciousness and PBH. Hemorrhage volume and hemorrhage involving the ventricular system are two independent factors, with hemorrhage volume in particular reaching quantitative predictions
Anuário científico da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa - 2021
É com grande prazer que apresentamos a mais recente edição (a 11.ª) do Anuário Científico da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa. Como instituição de ensino superior, temos o compromisso de promover e incentivar a pesquisa científica em todas as áreas do conhecimento que contemplam a nossa missão. Esta publicação tem como objetivo divulgar toda a produção científica desenvolvida pelos Professores, Investigadores, Estudantes e Pessoal não Docente da ESTeSL durante 2021. Este Anuário é, assim, o reflexo do trabalho árduo e dedicado da nossa comunidade, que se empenhou na produção de conteúdo científico de elevada qualidade e partilhada com a Sociedade na forma de livros, capítulos de livros, artigos publicados em revistas nacionais e internacionais, resumos de comunicações orais e pósteres, bem como resultado dos trabalhos de 1º e 2º ciclo. Com isto, o conteúdo desta publicação abrange uma ampla variedade de tópicos, desde temas mais fundamentais até estudos de aplicação prática em contextos específicos de Saúde, refletindo desta forma a pluralidade e diversidade de áreas que definem, e tornam única, a ESTeSL. Acreditamos que a investigação e pesquisa científica é um eixo fundamental para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e é por isso que incentivamos os nossos estudantes a envolverem-se em atividades de pesquisa e prática baseada na evidência desde o início dos seus estudos na ESTeSL. Esta publicação é um exemplo do sucesso desses esforços, sendo a maior de sempre, o que faz com que estejamos muito orgulhosos em partilhar os resultados e descobertas dos nossos investigadores com a comunidade científica e o público em geral. Esperamos que este Anuário inspire e motive outros estudantes, profissionais de saúde, professores e outros colaboradores a continuarem a explorar novas ideias e contribuir para o avanço da ciência e da tecnologia no corpo de conhecimento próprio das áreas que compõe a ESTeSL. Agradecemos a todos os envolvidos na produção deste anuário e desejamos uma leitura inspiradora e agradável.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
An investigation of the relationship between perioperative characteristics and perioperative anaesthesia on the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and clinical outcome in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer
In UK, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. Until now, surgical resection remains the cornerstone for the management of CRC in all stages, however, stress response elicit from surgery may cause different changes through multiple systems in human body including neural, endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological changes. In addition, other perioperative factors such as volatile anaesthetic and opioids may induce the immunosuppression. There is a proportional correlation between the stress response and the magnitude of the inflammatory immune response, invasiveness, and duration of surgery. The pre-operative and post-operative status of patients are important when considering the prognosis. The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) has been recognised to correlate with tumour progression and the prognosis of CRC. An exaggerated postoperative SIR is associated with postoperative infective complications and poor survival. Several predictive markers of the SIR have been used, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and Glasgow prognostic score (GPS). Some evidence reported that general anaesthesia (GA) combined with regional anaesthesia (RA) are better than the single use of general anaesthesia in reducing the post-operative immuno-suppression in some degrees. Furthermore, the peri-operative inflammatory process may be affected by the choice of anaesthetic technique, with propofol reported to have anti-inflammatory effect by targeting neutrophil activity. Up to now, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any specific anaesthetic or analgesic technique for patients undergoing surgery for tumour resection based on inflammatory response, recurrence, and metastasis. The work presented in this thesis further examines the relationship between the perioperative characteristics, perioperative anaesthesia, and the postoperative systemic inflammatory response following surgery for colorectal cancer. Several preoperative medications along with anaesthesia might influence the postoperative systemic inflammatory response but the question is whether the post-operative systemic inflammatory response affected by the administration of different types of anaesthesia or not following surgery for colorectal cancer. Chapter 1 discusses the epidemiology, aetiology, carcinogenesis, risk factors of colorectal cancer, pro-carcinogenic factors, anti-carcinogenic agents, inflammation and cancer, the post-operative systemic inflammatory response, tumour staging, screening, and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Chapter 2 discusses the treatment of colorectal cancer. Chapter 3 discusses different anaesthetic techniques and agents. Chapter 4 provides summary and aims of the thesis. Chapter 5 represents findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis about the effect of anaesthesia on the postoperative systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing surgery. The results conclude that there was some evidence that anaesthetic regimens may reduce the magnitude of the post-operative SIR. However, the studies identified in this systematic review were heterogeneous and generally of low quality. Chapter 6 represents a retrospective cohort study about the relationship between anaesthetic technique, clinicopathological characteristics and the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer. The results show that the type of anaesthesia varied over time and appears to influence the magnitude of the postoperative SIR on post-operative day 2 for those patients who underwent for open surgery but not laparoscopic surgery. Chapter 7 represents a prospective cohort study about the effect of anaesthesia on the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer in the context of an enhanced recovery pathway. The results show that there was a modest but an independent association between regional anaesthesia (RA) and a lower magnitude of the postoperative SIR. Chapter 8 represents the relationship between pre-operative medications, the type of anaesthesia and post-operative sequelae in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. The results show that there was no association between the preoperative administration of aspirin, statins and ACE inhibitors and anaesthesia. Chapter 9 represents the relationship between nutritional status, anaesthetic approach, and peri-operative characteristics of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. The results show that there was no significant association between measures of nutritional status and anaesthetic approach. Chapter 10 represents the relationship between opioid administration, type of anaesthesia and clinicopathological characteristics in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. The results show that opioid administration was independently associated with both anaesthetic and operative factors. Chapter 11 represents the main findings of the thesis and some recommendation for a future work
Epilepsy Mortality: Leading Causes of Death, Co-morbidities, Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
a reuptake inhibitor selectively prevents seizure-induced sudden death in the DBA/1 mouse model of sudden unexpected ... Bilateral lesions of the fastigial nucleus prevent the recovery of blood pressure following hypotension induced by ..
Measurement of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability with Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review
Wearables are a ubiquitous trend in both commercial and academic settings as they easily enable tracking and monitoring of physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). This paper presents a literature review to survey the existing Neuro-Information-Systems (NeuroIS) literature on HR and HRV with a focus on measurement based on wearable devices. We addressed the following four research questions: Who published HR and HRV research? What kind of HR and HRV research has been published? With which wearable devices was HR and HRV measured? How reliable and valid are HR and HRV measurements based on wearable devices? Our review provides answers to these questions and concludes that further efforts are needed to advance the field from both a theoretical and methodological perspective
The Adirondack Chronology
The Adirondack Chronology is intended to be a useful resource for researchers and others interested in the Adirondacks and Adirondack history.https://digitalworks.union.edu/arlpublications/1000/thumbnail.jp
Varastest embrüotest pärit ekstratsellulaarsed vesiikulid: potentsiaal embrüokvaliteedi markeritena ja roll embrüo-emaka suhtluses
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneViljatus on globaalne rahvatervise probleem, mis mõjutab miljoneid inimesi. Abistav reproduktiivtehnoloogia, sealhulgas in vitro viljastamine, on aidanud mitmeid viljatuid inimesi. Küll on sellel metoodikal üheks kitsaskohaks implantatsiooni ebaõnnestumine isegi morfoloogiliselt parimate embrüotega. Seetõttu toimuvad jätkuvalt uuringud tuvastamaks paremaid meetodeid, mis hindavad embrüo kvaliteeti ja ennustavad siirdamise edukust, olles peamiselt embrüokasvusöötme baasil.
Rakuvälised ehk ekstratsellulaarsed vesiikulid (EV) on membraaniga ümbritsetud nanoosakesed, mida toodavad peaaegu kõik rakutüübid erinevates füsioloogilistes ja patoloogilistes konditsioonides. Nende kaudu toimub rakuvaheline suhtlus. Mitmed uuringud, eriti vähi korral, on uurinud EVde potentsiaali biomarkerina ja ravimkandursüsteemina.
Antud doktoritöö uuris implantatsiooni-eelse perioodi embrüost vabanenud EVde potentsiaali embrüokvaliteedi markerina ja embrüo-emaka suhtluse vahendajana. Katsed viidi läbi kasutades veise-embrüoid ja inimrakukultuuride põhiseid eksperimentaalmudeleid. Esimene uuring tõestas, et individuaalselt kasvatatud implantatsiooni-eelse perioodi veise-embrüod eritavad EVsid kasvusöötmesse ning nende kontsentratsiooni- ja suurusprofiil sõltub embrüo kvaliteedist ja arengustaadiumist. Järgnevalt katsetati munajuharakkudel implantatsiooni-eelse perioodi embrüost pärit EVde funktsionaalsust. Katse käigus selgus, et EVd kõrge kvaliteediga embrüotest muutsid munajuharakkude geeniekspressiooni, mida aga ei teinud halva kvaliteediga embrüote EVd. Suurenenud ekspressiooniga geenide hulgas olid mitmed interferoon-τ raja interferooni stimuleerivad geenid. Interferoon-τ peetakse mäletsejaliste tiinuse tuvastusmolekuliks. See leid viitab, et munajuha tunneb ära kvaliteetse embrüo. Viimaseks uuriti embrüo EVde funktsionaalsuse spetsiifilisust. Leiti, et endomeetrium reageerib vaid embrüo päritolu EVdele. Uuringute käigus tuvastati embrüost vabanenud EVde potentsiaal ja spetsiifilisus embrüokvaliteedi biomarkerina.Infertility is a global public health problem that affects millions of people in their reproductive life. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in-vitro fertilization have enabled many patients to overcome this issue. However, a bottleneck in ART success is the implantation failure even after the transfer of morphologically best embryos. Hence, investigations continue to identify better or complementary methods of assessing embryo quality and predicting transfer success, mainly based on the embryo culture media.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by almost all types of cells under different physiological and pathological conditions. They mediate intercellular communication. Many studies, especially related to cancer, have investigated EVs' potential as biomarkers and therapeutic drug delivery systems.
This project investigated preimplantation embryo-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential embryo quality marker and a mediator of embryo-maternal communication. Experiments were performed using bovine embryos and human cell-culture based experimental models. The first study showed that individually cultured preimplantation bovine embryos release EVs to their culture media, and their concentration and size profile are dependent on the quality and development stage of embryos. Subsequently, the functionality of preimplantation embryo-derived EVs were tested in the oviduct. It was observed that EVs from good quality embryos, but not the EVs from embryos of low developmental potential quality, could alter the gene expression of the oviduct. Among the up-regulated genes, many were interferon-stimulated genes of the interferon-τ pathway. Interferon-τ is considered the pregnancy recognition molecule in ruminant pregnancy. This finding suggests that the oviduct can serve as a biosensor of embryo quality. Finally, the functional specificity of embryonic EVs were investigated. It was observed that endometrium only react to embryonic EVs but not to the non-embryonic EVs. All these studies support the potential and specificity of embryo-derived EVs as a biomarker of embryo quality.https://www.ester.ee/record=b548409
Investigating the mechanism of human beta defensin-2-mediated protection of skin barrier in vitro
The human skin barrier is a biological imperative. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD), are characterised by a reduction in skin barrier function and an increased number of secondary infections. Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus) has an increased presence on AD lesional skin and contributes significantly to AD pathology. It was previously demonstrated that the damage induced by a virulence factor of S. aureus, V8 protease, which causes further breakdown in skin barrier function, can be reduced by induction of human β- defensin (HBD)2 (by IL-1β) or exogenous HBD2 application. Induction of this defensin is impaired in AD skin. This thesis examines the mechanism of HBD2-mediated barrier protection in vitro; demonstrating that in this system, HBD2 was not providing protection through direct protease inhibition, nor was it altering keratinocyte proliferation or migration, or exhibiting specific localisation within the monolayer. Proteomics data demonstrated that HBD2 did not induce expression of known antiproteases but suggested that HBD2 stimulation may function by modulating expression of extracellular matrix proteins, specifically collagen- IVα2 and Laminin-β-1. Alternative pathways of protection initiated by IL-1β and TNFα stimulation were also investigated, as well as their influence over generalised wound healing. Finally, novel 3D human skin epidermal models were used to better recapitulate the structure of human epidermis and examine alterations to skin barrier function in a more physiological system. These data validate the barrier-protective properties of HBD2 and extended our knowledge of the consequences of exposure to this peptide in this context
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