Fast Frequency Sweep Technique Based on Segmentation for the Acceleration of the Electromagnetic Analysis of Microwave Devices

[EN] The characterization of communication devices in a certain frequency band can be accelerated if a fast frequency sweep technique is used instead of a discrete frequency sweep. Existing fast frequency sweep techniques are either complex or specific for a certain electromagnetic solver. In this work, a new fast frequency sweep method is proposed that consists in segmenting the device under analysis into simple building blocks. Each building block is characterized with a generalized (multimode) circuital matrix whose elements present a simple and flat frequency response that is interpolated using natural cubic splines with very few points. In this way, the response of each block along the whole frequency band is obtained efficiently and accurately with as many frequency points as desired. Then, the circuital matrices of all the blocks are cascaded and the circuital matrix of the whole device in obtained. The new fast frequency sweep was successfully applied to the analysis of different types of devices (all metallic rectangular waveguide filter, dielectric loaded rectangular waveguide filter, and substrate integrated waveguide filter). The computational times were reduced to 15% or 19%, depending on the device, when compared with a discrete frequency sweep using the same electromagnetic solver.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under Research Projects TEC2016-75934-C4-3-R and TEC2016-75934-C4-1-R.Martínez-Zamora, JÁ.; Belenguer Martínez, A.; Esteban González, H. (2019). Fast Frequency Sweep Technique Based on Segmentation for the Acceleration of the Electromagnetic Analysis of Microwave Devices. Applied Sciences. 9(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061118S11696Erdemli, Y. E., Reddy, C. J., & Volakis, J. L. (1999). Awe Technique in Frequency Domain Electromagnetics. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 13(3), 359-378. doi:10.1163/156939399x00961Reddy, C. J., Deshpande, M. D., Cockrell, C. R., & Beck, F. B. (1998). Fast RCS computation over a frequency band using method of moments in conjunction with asymptotic waveform evaluation technique. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 46(8), 1229-1233. doi:10.1109/8.718579Polstyanko, S. V., Dyezij-Edlinger, R., & Jin-Fa Lee. (1997). Fast frequency sweep technique for the efficient analysis of dielectric waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(7), 1118-1126. doi:10.1109/22.598450Chiprout, E., & Nakhla, M. S. (1995). Analysis of interconnect networks using complex frequency hopping (CFH). IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 14(2), 186-200. doi:10.1109/43.370425Gustavsen, B., & Semlyen, A. (1999). Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14(3), 1052-1061. doi:10.1109/61.772353Bandler, J. W., Biernacki, R. M., Shao Hua Chen, & Ya Fei Huang. (1997). Design optimization of interdigital filters using aggressive space mapping and decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(5), 761-769. doi:10.1109/22.575598Ros, J. V. M., Pacheco, P. S., Gonzalez, H. E., Esbert, V. E. B., Martin, C. B., Calduch, M. T., … Martinez, B. G. (2005). Fast automated design of waveguide filters using aggressive space mapping with a new segmentation strategy and a hybrid optimization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53(4), 1130-1142. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2005.845685Alos, J. T., & Guglielmi, M. (1997). Simple and effective EM-based optimization procedure for microwave filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 45(5), 856-858. doi:10.1109/22.575610Bachiller, C., Gonzalez, H. E., Boria Esbert, V. E., Belenguer Martinez, A., & Morro, J. V. (2007). Efficient Technique for the Cascade Connection of Multiple Two-Port Scattering Matrices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(9), 1880-1886. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.904076Interpolación de Splineshttps://www.uv.es/diaz/mn/node40.htmlBachiller, C., Esteban, H., Mata, H., Valdes, M. Á., Boria, V. E., Belenguer, Á., & Morro, J. V. (2010). Hybrid Mode Matching Method for the Efficient Analysis of Metal and Dielectric Rods in H Plane Rectangular Waveguide Devices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.208395

Addressing Computational Complexity of High Speed Distributed Circuits Using Model Order Reduction

Advanced in the fabrication technology of integrated circuits (ICs) over the last couple of years has resulted in an unparalleled expansion of the functionality of microelectronic systems. Today’s ICs feature complex deep-submicron mixed-signal designs and have found numerous applications in industry due to their lower manufacturing costs and higher performance levels. The tendency towards smaller feature sizes and increasing clock rates is placing higher demands on signal integrity design by highlighting previously negligible interconnect effects such as distortion, reflection, ringing, delay, and crosstalk. These effects if not predicted in the early stages of the design cycle can severely degrade circuit performance and reliability. The objective of this thesis is to develop new model order reduction (MOR) techniques to minimize the computational complexity of non-linear circuits and electronic systems that have delay elements. MOR techniques provide a mechanism to generate reduced order models from the detailed description of the original modified nodal analysis (MNA) formulation. The following contributions are made in this thesis: 1. The first project presents a methodology for reduction of Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) models. PEEC method is widely used in electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity problems in both the time and frequency domains. The PEEC model with retardation has been applied to 3-D analysis but often result in large and dense matrices, which are computationally expensive to solve. In this thesis, a new moment matching technique based on Multi-order Arnoldi is described to model PEEC networks with retardation. 2. The second project deals with developing an efficient model order reduction algorithm for simulating large interconnect networks with nonlinear elements. The proposed methodology is based on a multidimensional subspace method and uses constraint equations to link the nonlinear elements and biasing sources to the reduced order model. This approach significantly improves the simulation time of distributed nonlinear systems, since additional ports are not required to link the nonlinear elements to the reduced order model, yielding appreciable savings in the size of the reduced order model and computational time. 3. A parameterized reduction technique for nonlinear systems is presented. The proposed method uses multidimensional subspace and variational analysis to capture the variances of design parameters and approximates the weakly nonlinear functions as a Taylor series. An SVD approach is presented to address the efficiency of reduced order model. The proposed methodology significantly improves the simulation time of weakly nonlinear systems since the size of the reduced system is smaller than the original system and a new reduced model is not required each time a design parameter is changed

The Partial Elements Equivalent Circuit Method: The State Of The Art

This year marks about half a century since the birth of the technique known as the partial element equivalent circuit modeling approach. This method was initially conceived to model the behavior of interconnect-type problems for computer-integrated circuits. An important industrial requirement was the computation of general inductances in integrated circuits and packages. Since then, the advances in methods and applications made it suitable for modeling a large class of electromagnetic problems, especially in the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/signal and power integrity (SI/PI) areas. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of all aspects of the method, from its beginning to the present day, with special attention to the developments that have made it suitable for EMC/SI/PI problems

Interpolation-based parameterized model order reduction of delayed systems

Three-dimensional electromagnetic methods are fundamental tools for the analysis and design of high-speed systems. These methods often generate large systems of equations, and model order reduction (MOR) methods are used to reduce such a high complexity. When the geometric dimensions become electrically large or signal waveform rise times decrease, time delays must be included in the modeling. Design space optimization and exploration are usually performed during a typical design process that consequently requires repeated simulations for different design parameter values. Efficient performing of these design activities calls for parameterized model order reduction (PMOR) methods, which are able to reduce large systems of equations with respect to frequency and other design parameters of the circuit, such as layout or substrate features. We propose a novel PMOR method for neutral delayed differential systems, which is based on an efficient and reliable combination of univariate model order reduction methods, a procedure to find scaling and frequency shifting coefficients and positive interpolation schemes. The proposed scaling and frequency shifting coefficients enhance and improve the modeling capability of standard positive interpolation schemes and allow accurate modeling of highly dynamic systems with a limited amount of initial univariate models in the design space. The proposed method is able to provide parameterized reduced order models passive by construction over the design space of interest. Pertinent numerical examples validate the proposed PMOR approach

Transient simulation of complex electronic circuits and systems operating at ultra high frequencies

The electronics industry worldwide faces increasingly difficult challenges in a bid to produce ultra-fast, reliable and inexpensive electronic devices. Electronic manufacturers rely on the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) industry to produce consistent Computer A id e d Design (CAD) simulation tools that w ill enable the design of new high-performance integrated circuits (IC), the key component of a modem electronic device. However, the continuing trend towards increasing operational frequencies and shrinking device sizes raises the question of the capability of existing circuit simulators to accurately and efficiently estimate circuit behaviour. The principle objective of this thesis is to advance the state-of-art in the transient simulation of complex electronic circuits and systems operating at ultra high frequencies. Given a set of excitations and initial conditions, the research problem involves the determination of the transient response o f a high-frequency complex electronic system consisting of linear (interconnects) and non-linear (discrete elements) parts with greatly improved efficien cy compared to existing methods and with the potential for very high accuracy in a way that permits an effective trade-off between accuracy and computational complexity. High-frequency interconnect effects are a major cause of the signal degradation encountered b y a signal propagating through linear interconnect networks in the modem IC. Therefore, the development of an interconnect model that can accurately and efficiently take into account frequency-dependent parameters of modem non-uniform interconnect is of paramount importance for state-of-art circuit simulators. Analytical models and models based on a set of tabulated data are investigated in this thesis. Two novel, h igh ly accurate and efficient interconnect simulation techniques are developed. These techniques combine model order reduction methods with either an analytical resonant model or an interconnect model generated from frequency-dependent sparameters derived from measurements or rigorous full-wave simulation. The latter part o f the thesis is concerned with envelope simulation. The complex mixture of profoundly different analog/digital parts in a modern IC gives rise to multitime signals, where a fast changing signal arising from the digital section is modulated by a slower-changing envelope signal related to the analog part. A transient analysis of such a circuit is in general very time-consuming. Therefore, specialised methods that take into account the multi-time nature o f the signal are required. To address this issue, a novel envelope simulation technique is developed. This technique combines a wavelet-based collocation method with a multi-time approach to result in a novel simulation technique that enables the desired trade-off between the required accuracy and computational efficiency in a simple and intuitive way. Furthermore, this new technique has the potential to greatly reduce the overall design cycle

13th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, March 17-21, 1997, Conference Proceedings Volumes I & II

Includes Volumes 1 &