Simplified fuzzy control for flux-weakening speed control of IPMSM drive

This paper presents a simplified fuzzy logic-based speed control scheme of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) above the base speed using a flux-weakening method. In this work, nonlinear expressions of d-axis and q-axis currents of the IPMSM have been derived and subsequently incorporated in the control algorithm for the practical purpose in order to implement fuzzy-based flux-weakening strategy to operate the motor above the base speed. The fundamentals of fuzzy logic algorithms as related to motor control applications are also illustrated. A simplified fuzzy speed controller (FLC) for the IPMSM drive has been designed and incorporated in the drive system to maintain high performance standards. The efficacy of the proposed simplified FLC-based IPMSM drive is verified by simulation at various dynamic operating conditions. The simplified FLC is found to be robust and efficient. Laboratory test results of proportional integral (PI) controller-based IPMSM drive have been compared with the simulated results of fuzzy controller-based flux-weakening IPMSM drive system

Development and implementation of various speed controllers for wide speed range operation of IPMSM drive / by Md Muminul Islam Chy.

Despite many advantageous features of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the precise speed control of an IPMSM drive becomes a complex issue due to nonlinear coupling among its winding currents and the rotor speed as well as the nonlinearity present in the electromagnetic developed torque due to magnetic saturation of the rotor core particularly, at high speeds (above rated speed). Fast and accurate response, quick recovery of speed from any disturbances and insensitivity to parameter variations are some of the important characteristics of high performance drive system used in robotics, rolling mills, traction and spindle drives. The conventional controllers such as PI, PID are sensitive to plant parameter variations and load disturbance. For the purpose of obtaining high dynamic performance, recently researchers developed several non-linear as well as intelligent controllers. Most of the reported works on controller design of IPMSM took an assumption of d-axis stator current (i[subscript d]) equal to zero in order to simplify the development of the controller. However, with this assumption it is not possible to control the motor above the rated speed and the reluctance torque of IPMSM can not be utilized efficiently. Furthermore, this assumption leads to an erroneous result for motor at all operating conditions. In this thesis, some controllers are developed for the IPMSM drive system incorporating the flux-weakening technique in order to control the motor above the rated speed. A detailed analysis of the flux control based on various operating regions is also provided in this thesis. In order to get the optimum efficiency, an adaptive backstepping based nonlinear control scheme incorporating flux control for an IPM synchronous motor drive is taken into account at the design stage of the controller. Thus, the proposed adaptive nonlinear backstepping controller is capable of conserving the system robustness and stability against all mechanical parameters variation and external load torque disturbance. To ensure stability the controller is designed based on Lyapunov's stability theory. A novel fuzzy logic controller (FLC) including both torque and flux control is also developed in this work. The proposed FLC overcomes the unknown and nonlinear uncertainties of the drive and controls the motor over a wide speed range. For further improvement of the FLC structure, the membership function of the controller is tuned online. An integral part of this work is directed to develop an adaptive-network based fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) based neuro fuzzy logic controller. In this work, an adaptive tuning algorithm is also developed to adjust the membership function and consequent parameters. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IPMSM drive, at first simulation model is developed using Matlab/Simulink. Then the complete IPMSM drive incorporating various control algorithms have been successfully implemented using digital signal processor (DSP) controller board-DSI104 for a laboratory 5 hp motor. The effectiveness of the proposed drive is verified both in simulation and experiment at different operating conditions. The results show the robustness of the drive and it's potentiality to apply for real-time industrial drive application. This thesis also provides through knowledge about development and various speed real-time applications of controllers for IPMSM drive, which will be useful for researchers and practicing engineers

Performance Analysis Of IPMSM Drive Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Loss Minimization Algorithm (LMA)

This project presents an online loss-minimization algorithm (LMA) for a fuzzy-logic-controller (FLC)-based interior permanent-magnet synchronous-motor (IPMSM) drive to yield high efficiency and high dynamic performance over a wide speed range. LMA is developed based on the motor model. In order to minimize the controllable electrical losses of the motor and thereby maximize the operating efficiency, the d-axis armature current is controlled optimally according to the operating speed and load conditions. For vector-control purpose, FLC is used as a speed controller, which enables the utilization of the reluctance torque to achieve high dynamic performance as well as to operate the motor over a wide speed range. In order to test the performance of the proposed drive in real time, the complete drive is experimentally implemented using DSP board DS1104 for a prototype laboratory 5-hp motor. The performance of the proposed loss-minimization-based FLC for IPMSM drive is tested in both simulation and experiment at different operating conditions. A performance comparison of the drive with and without the proposed LMA-based FLC is also provided. It is found from the results that the proposed LMA and FLC-based drive demonstrates higher efficiency and better dynamic responses over FLC-based IPMSM drive without LMA. In this project, an online LMA-based speed-control scheme of IPMSM drive incorporating an FLC has been presented. The LMA was developed based on the motor model

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF PM MOTOR TESTING ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS EV APPLICATION CONSIDERING ROAD CONDITIONS

The electric vehicle (EV) performance testing is an indispensable aspect of the design study and marketing of electric vehicle. The development of a suitable electric motor testing environment for EVs is very significant. On the one hand, it provides a relatively realistic testing environment for the study of the key technologies of electric vehicles, and it also plays an essential role in finding a reasonable and reliable optimization scheme. On the other hand, it provides a reference to the evaluation criteria for the products on the market. This thesis is based on such requirements to model and simulate the PM motor testing environment towards EV applications considering road conditions. Firstly, the requirements of the electric motor drive as a propulsion system for EV applications are investigated by comparing to that of the traditional engine as a propulsion system. Then, as the studying objective of this work, the mathematical model of PMSM is discussed according to three different coordinate systems, and the control strategy for EV application is developed. In order to test the PM motor in the context of an EV, a specific target vehicle model is needed as the virtual load of the tested motor with the dyno system to emulate the real operating environment of the vehicle. A slippery road is one of the severe driving conditions for EVs and should be considered during the traction motor testing process. Fuzzy logic based wheel slip control is adopted in this thesis to evaluate the PM motor performance under slippery road conditions. Through the proposed testing environment, the PM motor can be tested in virtual vehicle driving conditions, which is significant for improving the PM motor design and control

A study of potential retroffiting existing Sultan Ibrahim heritage building to green building

Green building amount in Malaysia is still in small percentage compared to the other countries. Heritage buildings in one of the old buildings that preserved, carefully, but still not achieved sustainability because there are few factors that will become the barriers. This paper is to identify the potential and the barrier of retrofitting that Sultan Ibrahim building toward green building initiatives. All the information obtained is from the study of literature, distributing questionnaires, and preliminary interviews. The respondents were selected from green building experts, contractors, engineers, and Sultan Ibrahim Building’s staffs. The result of this study shows availability some components in Sultan Ibrahim Building that have potential retrofit and know how far the building availability for retrofit according to green building guideline. Moreover, there are some barriers had been analyzed may be happened during retrofitting Sultan Ibrahim building towards green building

Self-Learning MTPA Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives Based on Virtual Signal Injection

This paper describes a simple but effective novel self-learning maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control scheme for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives to achieve fast dynamic response in tracking the MTPA points without accurate prior knowledge of machine parameters. The proposed self-learning control (SLC) scheme generates the optimal d-axis current command for MTPA operation after training. Virtual signal injection control (VSIC), which has been recently developed as a novel parameter-independent MTPA points tracking scheme, is utilized to train the SLC and compensate the error of the SLC during its operation. In this way, the proposed SLC can achieve the MTPA operation accurately with fast response and the online training of the SLC will not affect MTPA operation of IPMSM drives. The proposed control scheme is verified by simulations and experiments under various operation conditions on a prototype IPMSM drive system

Nonlinear adaptive control for robust wide speed range operation of IPMSM drives

Various applications, including robotics, spindle drives, machine tools, etc. rely on accurate, reliable controllers to deliver the required drive performance. With recent advances in magnetic materials and semiconductor technology, machines such as the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) family of ac drives have seen a rise in popularity, owing to the high power density, efficiency and relative longevity as compared to conventional ac motors. In particular, interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) are characterized by all the features of the PMSM family, with the additional possibility of improved efficiency due to rotor construction, making them ideal for critical applications with high performance demands. Notably, despite the advantageous aspects of PMSM motors in general, control of this class of ac machines is complex if full performance potential is to be realized. In order to achieve optimal efficiency while permitting wide speed range operation, it is crucial to design controllers that are capable of delivering this high performance. Due to the nonlinearity of magnetic flux distribution during operation, the parameters of the PMSM may vary significantly. Thus, a high performance controller must be capable of optimizing efficiency while maintaining excellent response characteristics from set-point or loading variations. As a result of the nonlinear flux distribution caused by rotor/stator magnetic field interactions, direct control of PMSM in the stator reference frame is not possible as the level of mathematical complexity renders it infeasible. Expression of the PMSM stator variables in the rotating rotor reference frame permits the effective decoupling of machine variables into velocity and torque control components. This is roughly analogous to separately excited direct current (DC) motors, where control of the rotor speed (field magnetization) and shaft torque (armature current) are decoupled as a function of the design. Analysis of the PMSM model in the rotating reference frame shows that the “d” and “q” axis currents are principally responsible for indirect air gap flux control and developed shaft torque, respectively. Traditional linear type control techniques based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are able to achieve moderate success in controlling the PMSM family. The performance achieved is however typically within a narrow operational band and without the ability to adapt to parametric variation or optimize efficiency. This restriction makes PID type controllers non-ideal for more demanding applications that require highly accurate control and high efficiency regardless of load, temperature, machine age or operating environment. Therefore, this thesis presents a robust nonlinear control algorithm utilizing an adaptive back-stepping technique with flux control for optimizing developed torque and improved operational range. Further, global asymptotic stability of the proposed controller is assured through Lyapunov’s stability criterion in conjuncture with criterion supported by Barbalat’s lemma. The proposed control algorithm ensures that the machine operates at precise command speeds, coping with system uncertainties and disturbances, while reducing losses and enabling operation over a wide speed range. Simulation of the proposed system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, as well as in a cosimulation environment utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM. The first scenario implements an ideal mathematical system model with the controller in Simulink; whereas the second scenario uses PSIM to host the dynamic system model, with MATLAB/Simulink hosting the controller. This co-simulation permits rapid, accurate system analysis, by employing more accurate software models for switching elements, synchronous machine and any reactive elements not reflected in the basic mathematical model. Simulation results from both methods indicate excellent performance and robust operation, with excellent disturbance rejection. Real-time implementation of the system is realized utilizing the DS1104 digital signal processor (DSP) in conjuncture with an IPMSM commutated by a three-phase two-level insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter, with a direct current (DC) generator as dynamic load. Performance of the proposed controller have been verified through experimental implementation for a range of operating conditions

Field weakening and sensorless control solutions for synchronous machines applied to electric vehicles.

184 p.La polución es uno de los mayores problemas en los países industrializados. Por ello, la electrificación del transporte por carretera está en pleno auge, favoreciendo la investigación y el desarrollo industrial. El desarrollo de sistemas de propulsión eficientes, fiables, compactos y económicos juega un papel fundamental para la introducción del vehículo eléctrico en el mercado.Las máquinas síncronas de imanes permanentes son, a día de hoy la tecnología más empleada en vehículos eléctricos e híbridos por sus características. Sin embargo, al depender del uso de tierras raras, se están investigando alternativas a este tipo de máquina, tales como las máquinas de reluctancia síncrona asistidas por imanes. Para este tipo de máquinas síncronas es necesario desarrollar estrategias de control eficientes y robustas. Las desviaciones de parámetros son comunes en estas máquinas debido a la saturación magnética y a otra serie de factores, tales como tolerancias de fabricación, dependencias en función de la temperatura de operación o envejecimiento. Las técnicas de control convencionales, especialmente las estrategias de debilitamiento de campo dependen, en general, del conocimiento previo de dichos parámetros. Si no son lo suficientemente robustos, pueden producir problemas de control en las regiones de debilitamiento de campo y debilitamiento de campo profundo. En este sentido, esta tesis presenta dos nuevas estrategias de control de debilitamiento de campo híbridas basadas en LUTs y reguladores VCT.Por otro lado, otro requisito indispensable para la industria de la automoción es la detección de faltas y la tolerancia a fallos. En este sentido, se presenta una nueva estrategia de control sensorless basada en una estructura PLL/HFI híbrida que permite al vehículo continuar operando de forma pseudo-óptima ante roturas en el sensor de posición y velocidad de la máquina eléctrica. En esta tesis, ambas propuestas se validan experimentalmente en un sistema de propulsión real para vehículo eléctrico que cuenta con una máquina de reluctancia síncrona asistidas por imanes de 51 kW

Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives

The permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive is one of best choices for a full range of motion control applications. For example, the PMSM is widely used in robotics, machine tools, actuators, and it is being considered in high-power applications such as industrial drives and vehicular propulsion. It is also used for residential/commercial applications. The PMSM is known for having low torque ripple, superior dynamic performance, high efficiency and high power density. Section 1 deals with the introduction of PMSM and how it is evolved from synchronous motors. Section 2 briefly discusses about the types of PMSM. Section 3 tells about the assumptions in PMSM for modeling of PMSM and it derives the equivalent circuit of PMSM. In Section 4, permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system is briefly discussed with explanation of each blocks in the systems. Section 5 reveals about the control techniques of PMSM like scalar control, vector control and simulation of PMSM driven by field-oriented control using fuzzy logic control with space vector modulation for minimizing torque ripples. PMSM control with and without rotor position sensors along with different control techniques for controlling various parameters of PMSM for different applications is presented in Section 6