Simple Wriggling is Hard unless You Are a Fat Hippo

We prove that it is NP-hard to decide whether two points in a polygonal domain with holes can be connected by a wire. This implies that finding any approximation to the shortest path for a long snake amidst polygonal obstacles is NP-hard. On the positive side, we show that snake's problem is "length-tractable": if the snake is "fat", i.e., its length/width ratio is small, the shortest path can be computed in polynomial time.Comment: A shorter version is to be presented at FUN 201

The Complexity of Snake

Snake and Nibbler are two well-known video games in which a snake slithers through a maze and grows as it collects food. During this process, the snake must avoid any collision with its tail. Various goals can be associated with these video games, such as avoiding the tail as long as possible, or collecting a certain amount of food, or reaching some target location. Unfortunately, like many other motion-planning problems, even very restricted variants are computationally intractable. In particular, we prove the NP--hardness of collecting all food on solid grid graphs; as well as its PSPACE-completeness on general grid graphs. Moreover, given an initial and a target configuration of the snake, moving from one configuration to the other is PSPACE-complete, even on grid graphs without food, or with an initially short snake. Our results make use of the nondeterministic constraint logic framework by Hearn and Demaine, which has been used to analyze the computational complexity of many games and puzzles. We extend this framework for the analysis of puzzles whose initial state is chosen by the player

Selfie

A complex field with many intersections such as race, class, and sexuality, feminism has many dialogues and tensions. Selfie is a creative text that examines the tensions surrounding white, middle-class North American women. Surrounded by patriarchal mass media such as television shows, movies, and books, these young women are inundated with a dominant encouraged identity situated within a heterosexual gender binary; it invalidates the actual lived experiences of women. Consequently, feminists and non-feminists alike disagree on a clear definition of “woman.” This conflict has escalated to the gender policing of women by women, and a significant decrease in the number of feminists in North America. Moreover, the existing gender binary may cause women to struggle psychologically. Selfie works to alleviate these feminist difficulties through language. It uniquely fuses the conventions of prose, theater, and free indirect discourse, transcending conventional genre labels. It unsettles the dominant gender binary and presents all competing woman-identities as valid. Selfie proposes negative capability as a way to resolve the existing conflict between competing conceptions of “woman.” Un champ complexe avec plusieurs intersections tels que la race, la classe et la sexualité, le féminisme a de nombreux dialogues et les tensions. Selfie est un créatif qui examine le texte des tensions entourant blanche de la classe moyenne de femmes nord-américaines. Entouré par les médias de masse patriarcale comme émissions de télévision, films et livres, ces jeunes femmes sont inondés avec une dominante a encouragé l\u27identité situées dans un hétérosexuel sexe : elle invalide les binaires de réelles expériences vécues des femmes. Par conséquent, les féministes et non féministes semblables ne s\u27entendent pas sur une définition claire de femme . Ce conflit s\u27est intensifié à la police le sexe des femmes par les femmes et une baisse significative du nombre de féministes en Amérique du Nord. En outre, existant entre les sexes peut entraîner les femmes à binaire lutte psychologiquement. Selfie travaille pour atténuer ces difficultés par la langue. féministe Il sert uniquement de fusibles les conventions de prose, de théâtre et de discours indirect libre, transcendant le genre classiques des étiquettes. Elle ébranle la dominante et présente les binaires Sexe Femme concurrentes-identités comme valide. Selfie propose une capacité négatif comme un moyen de résoudre le conflit existant entre des conceptions rivales de femme

Sangoma boy

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University Londo

Sabotage! And Other Stories

This is a collection of short stories written from 2008-2010

Ancient Egyptian fauna : a lexicographical study.

In 2 volsAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D170873 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

H. M. Chauke research of African Hlengwe people

This is a collection of historical and cultural research works about the vaHlengwe people of Zimbabwe, created by Happyson Chauke before his untimely death by a hit and run driver in 2009. It was compiled by his friend Tillman Houser, who spent 35 years as a missionary to Zimbabwe under the Free Methodist Church. The bulk of the collection is comprised of the book entitled: The miracle of Lundi Mission: lest we forget.https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdigitalresources/1614/thumbnail.jp

Paris on a shoestring

Set in Paris in the late 1980s, Paris On a Shoestring is narrated progressively by the two main teenage protagonists, who, through a series of events, find themselves living on the streets of Paris and begging for money. The two narrators, Vicki and Sage, flee to France after deliberately vandalising their art college. Penniless, homeless and lost in an unfamiliar environment, they're easy prey for various opportunistic chancers. Although predominantly a character driven novel, it also explores the protagonists' relatively seamless acceptance of radically different norms and values, as the girls go from living a fairly benign British middle-class existence to a way of life dependent on other people for survival