201 research outputs found
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum
LASSO – an observatorium for the dynamic selection, analysis and comparison of software
Mining software repositories at the scale of 'big code' (i.e., big data) is a challenging activity. As well as finding a suitable software corpus and making it programmatically accessible through an index or database, researchers and practitioners have to establish an efficient analysis infrastructure and precisely define the metrics and data extraction approaches to be applied. Moreover, for analysis results to be generalisable, these tasks have to be applied at a large enough scale to have statistical significance, and if they are to be repeatable, the artefacts need to be carefully maintained and curated over time. Today, however, a lot of this work is still performed by human beings on a case-by-case basis, with the level of effort involved often having a significant negative impact on the generalisability and repeatability of studies, and thus on their overall scientific value.
The general purpose, 'code mining' repositories and infrastructures that have emerged in recent years represent a significant step forward because they automate many software mining tasks at an ultra-large scale and allow researchers and practitioners to focus on defining the questions they would like to explore at an abstract level. However, they are currently limited to static analysis and data extraction techniques, and thus cannot support (i.e., help automate) any studies which involve the execution of software systems. This includes experimental validations of techniques and tools that hypothesise about the behaviour (i.e., semantics) of software, or data analysis and extraction techniques that aim to measure dynamic properties of software.
In this thesis a platform called LASSO (Large-Scale Software Observatorium) is introduced that overcomes this limitation by automating the collection of dynamic (i.e., execution-based) information about software alongside static information. It features a single, ultra-large scale corpus of executable software systems created by amalgamating existing Open Source software repositories and a dedicated DSL for defining abstract selection and analysis pipelines. Its key innovations are integrated capabilities for searching for selecting software systems based on their exhibited behaviour and an 'arena' that allows their responses to software tests to be compared in a purely data-driven way. We call the platform a 'software observatorium' since it is a place where the behaviour of large numbers of software systems can be observed, analysed and compared
LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 274, ESA 2023, Complete Volum
Lost in technology: Towards a critique of repugnant rights
Modern law is founded on an idea of justice that is made felt through rights and entitlements legal subjects enjoy. As such, for law and its idea of justice, rights are inherently good and therefore abundant. On encounter with injustice, it has become commonplace to inquire what laws and rights have been flouted, as if injustice would disappear in encounter with rights that encode justice. But what if no number of laws and rights – even with faultless execution – is up for the task of upholding what we deem just? In this dissertation, I look at the heart of this question, and find the law’s answer not simply wanting but repugnant.
The research is animated by interaction of three topoi: personhood, technology, and international law. The first part concerns how these concepts are perceived in law and by those working with laws. As part of the unearthing of the conceptual ground rules, a trilemma between effectiveness, responsiveness, and coherence familiar from regulatory research and international law rears its head. I show how setting the priority on effective and responsive solutions has amounted to derogation of justice and diminishment of law’s foundational entity, a natural person. I explore whether these outcomes could be avoided within liberal international law and answer my own question on the negative. I title this systematic outcome a theory of repugnant rights.
The latter part of the dissertation concerns technology, its regulation, and tendency to produce repugnant outcomes in international law. I focus on bio- and information technologies and their legal coding as tools to dismantle legal protection provided by our quality of being human. I will show how intricate legal norms break and remake us in ways that blur the boundaries between persons and things. Once something falls beyond or below the category of a person, its legal status can be warped, twisted, and turned – all while remaining at arm’s length from the person it was once legally part of. Technological intervention to such things allows for effective circumvention of legal shelter provided by human rights, as I show through example of regulation of surrogacy and data storage.
To come to terms with the repugnancy, I seek shelter from anger as a transitory category that would enable us to move across the present impasse with rights. I suggest that at the very least international lawyers ought to be angry at quotidian horrors international law upholds. And through such anger overcome the misery and repugnancy of international law.---
Moderni oikeus pohjaa ajatukseen oikeudenmukaisuudesta, joka ilmenee oikeussubjektien nauttimien ja käyttämien oikeuksien välityksellä. Näin ymmärrettynä oikeuden ja sen omaaman oikeudenmukaisuuden käsityksen kannalta oikeudet ovat itseisarvoisesti hyviä, mikä selittää niiden suuren määrän. Kun kohtaamme epäoikeudenmukaisuutta tapaamme kysyä, mitä lakeja ja oikeuksia on loukattu, ikään kuin epäoikeudenmukaisuus kaikkoaisi sen kohdatessa oikeuden sisältämän oikeudenmukaisuuden idean. Mutta entä jos mikään määrä lakeja ja oikeuksia – edes täydellisesti täytäntöönpantuna – ei riitä puolustamaan oikeudenmukaisena pitämäämme? Väitöskirjassani kurkistan tämän kysymyksen ytimeen ja löydän vastauksen, joka ei ole ainoastaan riittämätön vaan myös vastenmielinen.
Väitöksessäni operoin oikeushenkilön, teknologian ja kansainvälisen oikeuden rajapinnoilla. Väitökseni ensimmäinen osa koskee sitä, kuinka oikeuden ja lakien parissa työskentelevät mieltävät nämä käsitteet. Näiden käsitteiden tarkastelun yhteydessä havaitsen sääntelytutkimuksesta ja kansainvälisestä oikeudesta tutun tehokkuuden, responsiivisuuden ja johdonmukaisuuden välisen trilemman. Osoitan, miten tehokkaiden ja responsiivisten ratkaisujen asettaminen etusijalle on merkinnyt lipeämistä oikeudenmukaisuudesta ja samalla oikeuden keskeisen subjektin, luonnollisen henkilön, merkityksen pienentymistä. Tutkin, voitaisiinko tämä trilemma välttää liberaalin kansainvälisen oikeuden puitteissa, ja vastaan omaan kysymykseeni kielteisesti. Nimeän tämän tuloksen vastenmielisten oikeuksien teoriaksi.
Väitöskirjan jälkimmäinen osa käsittelee teknologiaa, sen säätelyä ja sen taipumusta tuottaa vastenmielisiä lopputuloksia kansainvälisessä oikeudessa. Tarkastelen lähemmin bio- ja informaatioteknologioita ja niiden oikeudellista sääntelyä, sekä sitä millaisia välineitä ne tarjoavat ihmisyyden tarjoaman oikeudellisen suojan purkamiseen. Osoitan kuinka monimutkaiset oikeudelliset normit rikkovat ja muokkaavat meitä tavoilla, jotka hämärtävät ihmisten ja asioiden välisiä rajoja. Kun jokin ei ole enää henkilö, sen oikeudellista asemaa voidaan vääristää, vääntää ja kääntää. Teknologinen puuttuminen tällaisiin esineisiin ja asioihin mahdollistaa ihmisoikeuksien tarjoaman laillisen suojan tehokkaan kiertämisen, kuten osoitan sijaissynnytyksen ja datan tallennuksen sääntelyn kautta.
Vastauksena oikeuden vastenmielisyydelle haen suojaa vihasta. Viha tarjoaa sellaisen tilapäisen kategorian, jonka avulla voimme välttää havaitsemani oikeuksien umpikujan. Katson, että kansainvälisen oikeuden harjoittajien olisi vähintäänkin oltava vihaisia kohdatessaan kansainvälisen oikeuden synnyttämiä ja mahdollistamia jokapäiväisiä kauhuja. Turvautumalla vihaan, jonka voimme myöhemmin asettaa sivuun, voisimme selättää kansainvälisen oikeuden surkeuden ja sen vastenmielisyyden
Obstructions in Security-Aware Business Processes
This Open Access book explores the dilemma-like stalemate between security and regulatory compliance in business processes on the one hand and business continuity and governance on the other. The growing number of regulations, e.g., on information security, data protection, or privacy, implemented in increasingly digitized businesses can have an obstructive effect on the automated execution of business processes. Such security-related obstructions can particularly occur when an access control-based implementation of regulations blocks the execution of business processes. By handling obstructions, security in business processes is supposed to be improved. For this, the book presents a framework that allows the comprehensive analysis, detection, and handling of obstructions in a security-sensitive way. Thereby, methods based on common organizational security policies, process models, and logs are proposed. The Petri net-based modeling and related semantic and language-based research, as well as the analysis of event data and machine learning methods finally lead to the development of algorithms and experiments that can detect and resolve obstructions and are reproducible with the provided software
Women in Artificial intelligence (AI)
This Special Issue, entitled "Women in Artificial Intelligence" includes 17 papers from leading women scientists. The papers cover a broad scope of research areas within Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, perception, reasoning or planning, among others. The papers have applications to relevant fields, such as human health, finance, or education. It is worth noting that the Issue includes three papers that deal with different aspects of gender bias in Artificial Intelligence. All the papers have a woman as the first author. We can proudly say that these women are from countries worldwide, such as France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Australia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Romania, India, Cuba, Bangladesh and Spain. In conclusion, apart from its intrinsic scientific value as a Special Issue, combining interesting research works, this Special Issue intends to increase the invisibility of women in AI, showing where they are, what they do, and how they contribute to developments in Artificial Intelligence from their different places, positions, research branches and application fields. We planned to issue this book on the on Ada Lovelace Day (11/10/2022), a date internationally dedicated to the first computer programmer, a woman who had to fight the gender difficulties of her times, in the XIX century. We also thank the publisher for making this possible, thus allowing for this book to become a part of the international activities dedicated to celebrating the value of women in ICT all over the world. With this book, we want to pay homage to all the women that contributed over the years to the field of AI
Labour market policies and youth unemployment: a comparative evaluation between Italy and Austria
Europe’s attention to youth policies has become more and more marked over time and this has been precisely in order to respond to the needs created by the unemployment and NEET phenomenon, which have become major issues at European level. This represents a challenge for the EU labour market, made even more urgent by socio-economic changes, the current political crisis, and the health emergency linked to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, cross-regional differences are remarkably high. Available evidence highlights the gap in youth labour market integration between the welfare regimes of Central-Northern Europe and those of the Mediterranean area. In this perspective, this PhD thesis examines the main theoretical constructs of youth policies by performing an extensive literature review to better understand the differences in regional contexts and the factors that hinder or promote their effectiveness. The traditional Italian family-based and sub-protective welfare system, when it comes to these phenomena, represents a more extreme case of general transformations that are traversing Europe, as Italy is one of the European countries with the highest rates of NEET s and unemployed young people. On the other hand, the corporatist Austrian welfare state is based on a strong role of social partners and is characterized by a long tradition of incremental reforms and continuity in social policies, which tend to favour the entry of young people into the labour market through an integrated school-to-work transition.
In this regard, Austria and Italy were selected as case studies, through a multi-level and multi-method comparative analysis that aims to evaluate different aspects of youth policies in their complexity. An exploratory study, analyzing the data collected through a survey to investigate the implementation of labour market policies in the territorial contexts considered, permitted the definition of the evaluative dimensions on which the subsequent qualitative research focused. In particular, in-depth interviews with key informants, such as policymakers and experts at national, regional, and local level in the Austrian and Italian contexts, have allowed to compare the different perceptions and meanings assigned by the stakeholders to the policies considered and to evaluate, through the investigation of governance mechanisms, how actors interact at various levels and whether they intervene in the negotiation of policy choices. The outcome of empirical research also provide insight into the specific ALMP s implemented by the EU, highlighting the limits inherent in the activation of standardized measures to combat complex and highly diversified phenomena such as youth unemployment and in particular NEET s. The different views that emerged underline the complexity both the implementation of youth policies and of the system’s multilevel governance
Twining
Hypertext is now commonplace: links and linking structure nearly all of our experiences online. Yet the literary, as opposed to commercial, potential of hypertext has receded. One of the few tools still focused on hypertext as a means for digital storytelling is Twine, a platform for building choice-driven stories without relying heavily on code. In Twining, Anastasia Salter and Stuart Moulthrop lead readers on a journey at once technical, critical, contextual, and personal. The book’s chapters alternate careful, stepwise discussion of adaptable Twine projects, offer commentary on exemplary Twine works, and discuss Twine’s technological and cultural background. Beyond telling the story of Twine and how to make Twine stories, Twining reflects on the ongoing process of making
Northern promise: North Queensland and the politics of northern development, from 1939 to 1969
Patrick White studied the political history of northern development in Australia. With a focus on north Queensland’s local governments, this research revealed discord between local and national visions of northern development. The thesis demonstrated how local councils influenced federal policy and development in the Australian tropics between 1939 and 1969
Play Among Books
How does coding change the way we think about architecture? Miro Roman and his AI Alice_ch3n81 develop a playful scenario in which they propose coding as the new literacy of information. They convey knowledge in the form of a project model that links the fields of architecture and information through two interwoven narrative strands in an “infinite flow” of real books
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