Sexually transmitted diseases

No Abstrac

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

High rates of unprotected sexual behavior in adolescents result in millions of cases of STDs in the world. This chapter reviews factors inducing high STD rates, specific STDs, and their management based on 2010 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STD guidelines. Clinicians should screen all their sexually active adolescent patients for STDs and provide preventive education as well as treatment measures

Sexually transmitted diseases 2009

"Indian Health Surveillance Report--Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2009 presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the United States (U.S.). The initial Indian Health Service Surveillance Report--Sexually Transmitted Diseases, containing data through 2004, was published in November 2006. This report represents a unique collaboration and partnership between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Indian Health Service (IHS). Most of the AI/AN-specific data provided in this report are the result of a novel surveillance methodology, whereby existing nationally notifiable STD data reported to CDC were analyzed using standard IHS populations and methods. The Indian Health Surveillance Report--Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2009 consists of two main parts: the National STD Pro file (1984-2009) contains text and figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity among AI/AN in the U.S.; the IHS Area STD Pro files (1998-2009) present STD rates and trends for the 12 IHS administrative areas. The surveillance methodology used in this report has served as a model and framework for analyzing AI/AN specific data for other nationally notifiable diseases (e.g. hepatitis, tuberculosis) and for other priority health conditions (e.g. cancer, diabetes, mental health). Such reports are essential for increasing the accessibility and quality of AI/AN health data and play an important role in monitoring disease trends, identifying at-risk populations, and guiding interventions and resources." - prefaceTitle from title screen (viewed on April 19, 2012)."January 2012."Produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Divsion of STD Prevention and the Indian Health Service National STD Program.Mode of access: Internet.Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-103).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Indian Health Service Indian Health Surveillance Report--Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2009, Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January 2012.2012874

Sexually transmitted diseases 2007

"Indian Health Surveillance Report --Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2007 presents statistics and trends for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the United States. The initial Indian Health Service Surveillance Report-Sexually Transmitted Diseases, containing data through 2004, was published in November 2006. This report is the product of collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Indian Health Service (IHS). Most of the AI/AN-specific data provided in this report are the result of a new surveillance methodology, whereby existing nationally notifiable STD data reported to CDC were analyzed using standard IHS populations and methods. The Indian Health Surveillance Report --Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2007 consists of two main parts. The National STD Profile (1984-2007) contains text and figures that provide an overview of STD morbidity among AI/AN in the U.S. The IHS Area STD Profiles (1998-2007) present STD rates and trends for the 12 IHS administrative areas. The surveillance methodology used in this report can serve as a model and framework for analyzing AI/AN specific data for other nationally notifiable diseases (e.g. hepatitis, tuberculosis) and for other priority health conditions (e.g. diabetes, mental health). Such reports are essential for increasing the accessibility and quality of AI/AN health data and play an important role in monitoring disease trends, identifying at-risk populations, and guiding interventions and resources." - prefaceTitle from title screen (viewed on June 22, 2010)."September 2009."Produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Divsion of STD Prevention and the Indian Health Service National STD Program.Mode of access: Internet.Includes bibliographical references (p. 103).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Indian Health Service Indian Health Surveillance Report--Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2007, Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, September 2009.2009874

Spreading of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexual populations

The spread of sexually transmitted diseases (e.g. Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, HIV) across populations is a major concern for scientists and health agencies. In this context, both data collection on sexual contact networks and the modeling of disease spreading, are intensively contributing to the search for effective immunization policies. Here, the spreading of sexually transmitted diseases on bipartite scale-free graphs, representing heterosexual contact networks, is considered. We analytically derive the expression for the epidemic threshold and its dependence with the system size in finite populations. We show that the epidemic outbreak in bipartite populations, with number of sexual partners distributed as in empirical observations from national sex surveys, takes place for larger spreading rates than for the case in which the bipartite nature of the network is not taken into account. Numerical simulations confirm the validity of the theoretical results. Our findings indicate that the restriction to crossed infections between the two classes of individuals (males and females) has to be taken into account in the design of efficient immunization strategies for sexually transmitted diseases.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures and 2 table

Azithromycin in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Seksualno prenosive bolesti pokazuju izraziti potencijal širenja, a uz istodobno diskretne ili odsutne simptome bolesti bolesnik je u stanju pridonijeti zarazi u više osoba. Stigma koja prati spolno prenosive bolesti nadalje odgađa traženje liječničke pomoći, a time i efi kasno liječenje. Mnogi bolesnici ostaju nedijagnosticirani i neliječeni. Razvoj testova koji se zasnivaju na amplifikaciji nukleinskih kiselina uzročnika omogućio je razdoblje senzitivnih i robustnih dijagnostičkih postupaka. Nažalost, mnogi od tih testova nisu komercijalno dostupni ili su preskupi osobito za sredine koje ih najviše trebaju. Nemogućnost brze, točne i cijenom pristupačne dijagnostike zahtijeva eksploataciju druge mogućnosti, a to je jednostavna, prihvatljiva i sigurna terapija seksualno prenosivih bolesti.Sexually transmitted diseases exhibit a high spreading potential. Moreover, due to discrete or absent symptoms a patient can spread STDs to a number of other persons. Stigma associated with sexually transmitted diseases also delays a visit to a physician and effective treatment. Many patients remain undiagnosed and untreated. The development of tests based on the amplification of pathogen nucleic acids has resulted in more sensitive and robust diagnostic procedures. Unfortunately, many of these tests are either commercially unavailable or too expensive, especially for those areas where they are needed most. The lack of timely, accurate and affordable diagnostics requires the exploitation of other options, i.e. a simple, acceptable and safe therapy of sexually transmitted diseases