Steganographer Identification

Conventional steganalysis detects the presence of steganography within single objects. In the real-world, we may face a complex scenario that one or some of multiple users called actors are guilty of using steganography, which is typically defined as the Steganographer Identification Problem (SIP). One might use the conventional steganalysis algorithms to separate stego objects from cover objects and then identify the guilty actors. However, the guilty actors may be lost due to a number of false alarms. To deal with the SIP, most of the state-of-the-arts use unsupervised learning based approaches. In their solutions, each actor holds multiple digital objects, from which a set of feature vectors can be extracted. The well-defined distances between these feature sets are determined to measure the similarity between the corresponding actors. By applying clustering or outlier detection, the most suspicious actor(s) will be judged as the steganographer(s). Though the SIP needs further study, the existing works have good ability to identify the steganographer(s) when non-adaptive steganographic embedding was applied. In this chapter, we will present foundational concepts and review advanced methodologies in SIP. This chapter is self-contained and intended as a tutorial introducing the SIP in the context of media steganography.Comment: A tutorial with 30 page

Web Social Media Privacy Preferences and Perception

The proliferation of social media websites has led to concerns over privacy breaches, as these sites have access to users' sensitive and personal data. This study sought to investigate users' perceptions and concerns for social media websites, with the aim of developing a system that meets their requirements. To achieve this, a questionnaire was designed for privacy permissions on eight popular social media websites, and 425 completed answers were analyzed. The results revealed that users' concerns were diverse and differed across different social media platforms. Gender, age, education level, and IT proficiency were found to be weakly correlated with privacy concerns. Women expressed greater concerns than men, particularly for Twitter and Snapchat, while older users expressed greater levels of concern for Snapchat and Instagram. As education levels increased, users tended to express greater levels of concern, especially on WhatsApp and Snapchat. Furthermore, this study identified four hierarchical clusters of users based on their preferences and concerns regarding permission privacy for social media websites. The results revealed that the majority of participants (214 users) were highly concerned about privacy on social media, indicating that they were aware of the potential risks associated with sharing personal information online which represents the third cluster. The first and fourth clusters were the most unconcerned groups regarding permission privacy, consisting of a small number of users. The second cluster, comprising 124 participants, had an average score of 1.6, indicating that they were the second most concerned about privacy. Overall, the findings of this study could be useful for social media platforms in developing privacy policies and settings that align with users' concerns and preferences

Data Mining in Internet of Things Systems: A Literature Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies have been the main focus of recent research, allowing for the accumulation of a vast amount of data generated from this diverse environment. These data include without any doubt priceless knowledge if could correctly discovered and correlated in an efficient manner. Data mining algorithms can be applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) to extract hidden information from the massive amounts of data that are generated by IoT and are thought to have high business value. In this paper, the most important data mining approaches covering classification, clustering, association analysis, time series analysis, and outlier analysis from the knowledge will be covered. Additionally, a survey of recent work in in this direction is included. Another significant challenges in the field are collecting, storing, and managing the large number of devices along with their associated features. In this paper, a deep look on the data mining for the IoT platforms will be given concentrating on real applications found in the literatur

Attraction-repulsion clustering: a way of promoting diversity linked to demographic parity in fair clustering

Producción CientíficaWe consider the problem of diversity enhancing clustering, i.e, developing clustering methods which produce clusters that favour diversity with respect to a set of pro- tected attributes such as race, sex, age, etc. In the context of fair clustering, diversity plays a major role when fairness is understood as demographic parity. To promote diversity, we introduce perturbations to the distance in the unprotected attributes that account for protected attributes in a way that resembles attraction-repulsion of charged particles in Physics. These perturbations are defined through dissimilarities with a tractable interpretation. Cluster analysis based on attraction-repulsion dissimilarities penalizes homogeneity of the clusters with respect to the protected attributes and leads to an improvement in diversity. An advantage of our approach, which falls into a pre- processing set-up, is its compatibility with a wide variety of clustering methods and whit non-Euclidean data. We illustrate the use of our procedures with both synthetic and real data and provide discussion about the relation between diversity, fairness, and cluster structure.Ministerio de Economía y Competencia and FEDER, (grant MTM2017-86061-C2-1-P)Junta de Castilla y León, (grants VA005P17 and VA002G18)Gobierno País Vasco a través del programa BERC 2018-2021Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, y Universidades (acreditación BCAM Severo Ochoa SEV-2017-0718)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Utilizing Analytical Hierarchy Process for Pauper House Programme in Malaysia

In Malaysia, the selection and evaluation of candidates for Pauper House Programme (PHP) are done manually. In this paper, a technique based on Analytical Hierarchy Technique (AHP) is designed and developed in order to make an evaluation and selection of PHP application. The aim is to ensure the selection process is more precise, accurate and can avoid any biasness issue. This technique is studied and designed based on the Pauper assessment technique from one of district offices in Malaysia. A hierarchical indexes are designed based on the criteria that been used in the official form of PHP application. A number of 23 samples of data which had been endorsed by Exco of State in Malaysia are used to test this technique. Furthermore the comparison of those two methods are given in this paper. All the calculations of this technique are done in a software namely Expert Choice version 11.5. By comparing the manual and AHP shows that there are three (3) samples that are not qualified. The developed technique also satisfies in term of ease of accuracy and preciseness but need a further study due to some limitation as explained in the recommendation of this paper

Study about customer segmentation and application in a real case

The hospitality industry generates a huge variety of data that grows by the day, becoming incrinsingly difficult to analyse this data manually in order to build a good data model. A thorough understanding of current customer profiles enables better resource allocation and leads to better definition of product and market development strategies. Dividing customers into similar groups to help develop more objective and focused marketing messages for each of the segments. Thus, in the present dissertation methods of classification and segmentation of existing data in the literature review are studied. Then, a real case study is presented, using data from Property Management Systems of eight Portuguese hotels, four city hotels and four resort hotels. This data set consists of fortyone attributes but, after selection of the most predictive variables, only a subset of attributes is used for data modeling. Next, the classification and segmentation methods studied in the literature review are applied for extracting the relevant information. The results are analyzed and discussed to understand their suitability to study the particular characteristics of hotel reservations.O setor de hospitalidade gera uma enorme variedade de dados que crescem a cada dia, tornando-se fisicamente impossível analisar esses dados manualmente a fim de construir um bom modelo de dados. Um profundo entendimento dos perfis dos atuais clientes permite uma melhor alocação de recursos e leva a uma melhor definição das estratégias de desenvolvimento de produtos e mercados. A divisão dos clientes em grupos semelhantes para ajudar a desenvolver mensagens de marketing mais objetivas e focadas para cada um dos seus segmentos. Desse modo na presente dissertação são estudados métodos de classificação e segmentação de dados existentes na revisão da literatura. De seguida, procede-se à apresentação de um estudo de um caso real, usando dados pertencentes a Sistemas de Gestão de Propriedade de oito hotéis portugueses, quatro hóteis de cidade e quatro hóteis de resort, este conjunto de dados é composto por quarenta e um atributos, mas, após uma selecção das variáveis com maior poder preditivo, apenas um subconjunto de atributos é utilizado para a modelação dos dados. Em seguida, são aplicados os métodos de classificação e segmentação estudados na revisão de literatura de modo a extrair informação relevante. Os resultados são analisados e discutidos para entender sua adequação ao estudo das características particulares das reservas de hotéis

Security in Data Mining- A Comprehensive Survey

Data mining techniques, while allowing the individuals to extract hidden knowledge on one hand, introduce a number of privacy threats on the other hand. In this paper, we study some of these issues along with a detailed discussion on the applications of various data mining techniques for providing security. An efficient classification technique when used properly, would allow an user to differentiate between a phishing website and a normal website, to classify the users as normal users and criminals based on their activities on Social networks (Crime Profiling) and to prevent users from executing malicious codes by labelling them as malicious. The most important applications of Data mining is the detection of intrusions, where different Data mining techniques can be applied to effectively detect an intrusion and report in real time so that necessary actions are taken to thwart the attempts of the intruder. Privacy Preservation, Outlier Detection, Anomaly Detection and PhishingWebsite Classification are discussed in this paper