Социальное государство: генезис и перспективы развития

У статті аналізується феномен соціальної держави від витоків теоретичного осмислення її природи та атрибутів до сучасних траєкторій модернізації класичних моделей. Наведено авторські судження щодо причин і факторів еволюції, функцій і напрямів діяльності, сучасних проблем і перспектив розвитку держави соціального типу. Виокремлено характерні риси постіндустріальної соціальної держави. Ключова квінтесенція статті – становлення нової моделі соціальної держави у відповідь на глобальні виклики сьогодення.The key quintessence of the article is the formation of a new model of social welfare state in response to global challenges of today. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the phenomenon of social welfare state, starting with the origins of theoretical understanding of its nature and finishing with modern trajectories of modernization of classic models. Design of the concept of the social welfare state has been substantiated. Typology of social welfare states has been generalized and key features of such states have been disclosed. The necessity of consideration of modern nature and evolution of the social welfare state in the context of content and modernization of the «European social model» has been proved. An author’s judgment on the causes and factors of evolution, functions and areas of activity, current problems and prospects of development of the social welfare state has been given. The purpose of this article is to determine strategic guidelines of development of social welfare state under the conditions of formation of the post-industrial society. The idea of strengthening the role of «market – state – business» triad in ensuring sustainable socialized development has been substantiated. Scientific novelty of the study lies in theoretical justification of application of new model of social welfare state as a symbiosis of a neo-paternalistic political platform and ideological foundations of the state of social investments. The practical significance of the study results is shown in the argumentation of priorities of post-industrial social welfare-type state. It has been concluded that the new model of social welfare state has to unite the potential of the state, mixed economy of social support, public governmental structures and institutes of civil society. Further scientific researches will explore mechanisms of the functioning of social welfare state under the conditions of globalization and formation of new economy and post-industrial society.В статье анализируется феномен социального государства от истоков теоретического осмысления его природы и атрибутов до современных траекторий модернизации классических моделей. Приведены авторские суждения о причинах и факторах эволюции, функциях и направлениях деятельности, современных проблемах и перспективах развития государства социального типа. Выделены характерные черты постиндустриального социального государства. Ключевая квинтэссенция статьи – становление новой модели социального государства в ответ на нынешние глобальные вызовы

The Rule of Law and the Modern Social Welfare State

Professor Friedmann, who had already made a notable contribution to jurisprudence in his Legal Theory, now in its second edition, has now made a second and perhaps even more notable contribution toward understanding the role and presaging the future of the common law system in the society of today. His purpose is a reassessment of the function of law and of legal institutions in England a half century after Dicey\u27s Law and Public Opinion in England during the Nineteenth Century, comparing the economic function of law and how the common law was adapted to it in the nineteenth century with its function in the vastly changed social pattern of contemporary England (p. 3) in the twentieth century after half of that century has gone by. He seeks to coordinate recent developments with respect to the relation of the judicial function and judicial process to social problems, the role of legislation and the interpretation of statutes, the growth of standard contracts and collective bargaining, and the change in the structure and function of the law of property and to appraise the interrelation of law and social change in present-day British society. (p. 3)

Foreign Direct Investment, Tax Competition and Social Expenditure

The aim of this paper is to make a first step towards studying the role of social expenditure and its interaction with corporate taxation in determining the destination of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Using panel data for 18 OECD countries and measuring the extent of social welfare policies by the (public social expenditure)/GDP ratio, we find strong support for the conjecture that redistributive social welfare state policies are valued by multinationals as, for instance, they may signal a government's commitment to social stability.Foreign Direct Investment, Tax Competition, Social Policy

Poor Support/Rich Support: (Re)Viewing the American Social Welfare State

Since at least the 1970s a variety of scholars have redefined the U.S. social welfare state to include not only traditional benefit programs (for example, Food Stamps and Social Security) but also a variety of tax benefits that are “hidden” or “submerged” forms of “welfare for the wealthy.” Including these benefits in the overall picture of U.S. social welfare provision reveals a system that is both larger in size than popularly believed and that, in addition to providing some support for the poor, distributes significant benefits regressively to households with substantial wealth. Although a variety of scholars and policy analysts have described these outcomes, scholars have yet to focus on the ways in which structural inequality is written directly into the means of administration of U.S.social welfare programs. This Article is the first to turn to those questions and to systematically demonstrate that those who are economically (and disproportionately racially) disadvantaged are offered a social welfare state that is meager, punitive, and tremendously risky for those who receive its benefits. But for those with economic privilege, the story is quite different. Families and individuals with significant economic privilege benefit disproportionately from a whole host of cash and near-cash benefits that are neither meager nor punitive. In fact, in contrast to benefits for the poor, benefits for the rich function as nearly invisible entitlements. As one moves from benefits for the poor towards benefits for the rich, the administrative structures shift along this progression, becoming less and less punitive and risky and more and more like invisible entitlements. Although as a formal matter the rich, like the poor, have no right to economic support in the constitutional sense, American social welfare policy moves the rich remarkably close to a right to economic support, leaving the poor far behind. This Article reveals these vast structural inequalities and concludes by calling not only, as others have, for an increase in and more progressive distribution of social welfare dollars but also, for the first time, for reforms that would address the structural inequalities at the heart of the U.S. social welfare state and that would render it more successful at supporting the autonomy and resilience of all of its beneficiaries

REGULATIONS IN THE SOCIAL WELFARE STATE: NORDIC COUNTRIES AND TURKEY EXAMPLE

The Public Expenditure/GDP ratio is one of the most significant metrics that measure the state's share of the economy. It can be said that there is an interventionist state type in countries where this rate is high, or it can be argued that the share of the public sector in the economy is low in countries where this rate is low. It is also possible to argue that the countries' economic, sociological, and political factors play an essential role in determining this ratio. Regulations, which are the most important tools of the welfare state, may arise through economic controls as well as through social policies. This study aims to find an answer to the question of whether this situation is possible for a developing country such as Turkey while Nordic countries, which determine a system different from other welfare models, succeed in raising social welfare without giving up the principles such as equality and justice that they have despite the globalization effect. The data obtained by various methods were subjected to comparison using the Data Envelopment Analysis method in order to achieve this purpose. Article visualizations

The social ( welfare ) state in modern constituitionalism

The article researches the content and the institutionalization of the concept of the social state and the welfare state (prosperity), which are the opposites of the minimum (previously -liberal) state, on the one hand and the paternalist-totalitarian state, on the other hand. The analysis of the evolution and the constitutionalization of the French and German concepts of the social state is held in the article. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the content of the debates in creating the current constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria 1991. These debates are the key to understanding why the welfare state proclaims only in the preamble the Constitution while other characteristics and constitutional principles declared in the rules of the constitution. The connection of social state with the second generation of social and economic rights is covered in the article

TINJAUAN YURIDIS BENTUK BADAN USAHA PERSEROAN TERBATAS BAGI PERUSAHAAN YANG DIDIRIKAN DALAM RANGKA PENANAMAN MODAL ASING

The types of companies reegulated in UU no. 1/1995 and PP no. 20/1994 seems to be good instruments to attract foreign investors to conduct their activities in Indonesia. However, in accordance with concept ogf the social welfare state (as stated in Pancasila), the effect for Indonesia people itself should be taken more consideration

A comparative analysis of leaving home in the United States, the Netherlands and West Germany

We investigate how leaving the parental home differs between three countries with different welfare-state and housing systems: the USA, the Netherlands and West Germany. Using longitudinal survey data, we examine the transitions of leaving home to live with and without a partner. We find that, much more than in the European countries, union formation has become separated from leaving home in the USA. We also find a different impact of level of education and employment status on leaving-home patterns in the European countries with their social-welfare state system than in the US system in which market forces prevail. The differences are not just related to welfare-state systems but also to the sizes of the countries and the geographical dispersion of jobs and educational opportunities.Germany, household, leaving the parental home, Netherlands, union formation, USA

Democracy and neoliberalism : on the crisis of democratic legitimacy caused by neoliberal transformation.

Time has run out for democratic sovereignty in the now bygone era of neoliberal governmentality and the time "bought" in the thirty year period after the Second World War with social Welfare State policies is the price we now have to pay in terms of public debt and distributional conflict in an irreversible crisis of representative democrac

Democracy and neoliberalism : on the crisis of democratic legitimacy caused by neoliberal transformation.

Time has run out for democratic sovereignty in the now bygone era of neoliberal governmentality and the time "bought" in the thirty year period after the Second World War with social Welfare State policies is the price we now have to pay in terms of public debt and distributional conflict in an irreversible crisis of representative democrac