Design of Natural Composite I-Beam for SAMPE 2019

In recent years, the demand for high performance, lightweight, fiber-reinforced composites have grown substantially. Fiberglass and carbon fiber have exemplary material properties that meet the demand and have set the industry standard for performance materials. Although these materials meet their design function, they suffer from high environmental impacts throughout their life cycle and are not cost effective to produce. Flax fiber composites have comparable properties to fiberglass but can be produced more efficiently and production requires much less energy consumption. Flax is a readily available, renewable material that will easily biodegrade once it is the end of its useful life is reached. Flax is also a sustainable option, taking only 100 days to grow, being very efficient in water usage and grows in long continuous fibers making manufacturing less labor intensive. To show that natural flax fiber composites can be applied to producing a lightweight load bearing product where carbon fiber or fiberglass may traditionally be used, an I-beam composed of flax fibers and balsa core was be designed, constructed, and entered into the 2019 Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) Student Bridge Competition in Charlotte, North Carolina. The requirements of the competition state a design load of 3000 lbf and a maximum size of 4” x 4” x 24”. This project utilized computer simulations to examine differing methods of optimization for weight reduction while still maintaining structural integrity. The data was then used to determine the final beam design for the competition and subsequently the beam was produced

Design of Natural Composite I-Beam for SAMPE 2019

In recent years, the demand for high performance, lightweight, fiber-reinforced composites have grown substantially. Fiberglass and carbon fiber have exemplary material properties that meet the demand and have set the industry standard for performance materials. Although these materials meet their design function, they suffer from high environmental impacts throughout their life cycle and are not cost effective to produce. Flax fiber composites have comparable properties to fiberglass but can be produced more efficiently and production requires much less energy consumption. Flax is a readily available, renewable material that will easily biodegrade once it is the end of its useful life is reached. Flax is also a sustainable option, taking only 100 days to grow, being very efficient in water usage and grows in long continuous fibers making manufacturing less labor intensive. To show that natural flax fiber composites can be applied to producing a lightweight load bearing product where carbon fiber or fiberglass may traditionally be used, an I-beam composed of flax fibers and balsa core was be designed, constructed, and entered into the 2019 Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE) Student Bridge Competition in Charlotte, North Carolina. The requirements of the competition state a design load of 3000 lbf and a maximum size of 4” x 4” x 24”. This project utilized computer simulations to examine differing methods of optimization for weight reduction while still maintaining structural integrity. The data was then used to determine the final beam design for the competition and subsequently the beam was produced

Automated Fiber Placement of Composite Wind Tunnel Blades: Process Planning and Manufacturing

The ability to accurately manufacture large complex shapes in a consistent and repeatable manner has led to Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) being the predominant mode of manufacturing for large composite aerospace structures today. Currently, AFP is being considered for medium- and small-scale parts. Composite wind tunnel blades have traditionally been fabricated by hand layup for pre-impregnated or dry fabrics with resin infusion. Though well proven, the traditional fabrication method is laborious and tedious, and hence expensive. The project described in this paper used the Integral Structural Assembly of Advanced Composites (ISAAC) facility at the NASA Langley Research Center to build a manufacturing demonstration unit (MDU) with a shape representative of a wind tunnel blade. This MDU is used to discuss tooling, process planning, and fabrication. Additionally, details of the generic manufacturing workflow are presented

Assessment of Automated Fiber Placement for the Fabrication of Composite Wind Tunnel Blades

Composite wind tunnel blades are frequently fabricated by hand layup of prepreg fabrics. Though well proven, this fabrication method is laborious and expensive. The study described in this paper used the Integrated Structural Assembly of Advanced Composites (ISAAC) facility at the NASA Langley Research Center to explore whether automated fiber placement (AFP) could reduce manufacturing time and cost for production of wind tunnel blades. Two blades, taken from two NASA wind tunnels, were investigated as representative geometries. Computer-aided design models of the blade surfaces were created, and AFP process planning and programming were employed to study the manufacturability of the shapes. A placement/cure tool was manufactured for the chosen blade surface from thermoplastic material using an additive manufacturing process. The present study revealed that the AFP head geometry, primarily the heater configuration of the ISAAC system, is the primary constraint that limits the ability to manufacture the selected wind tunnel fan blades using AFP

Automation of Process Planning for Automated Fiber Placement

Process planning represents an essential stage of the Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) workflow. It develops useful and efficient machine processes based upon the working material, composite design, and manufacturing resources. The current state of process planning requires a high degree of interaction from the process planner and could greatly benefit from increased automation. Therefore, a list of key steps and functions are created to identify the more difficult and time-consuming phases of process planning. Additionally, a set of metrics must exist by which to evaluate the effectiveness of the manufactured laminate from the machine code created during the Process Planning stage. This work begins with a ranking process which was performed through a survey of the Advanced Composites Consortium (ACC) Collaborative Research Team (CRT). Members were interviewed who possessed practical process planning experience in the composites industry. The Process Planning survey collected general input on the overall importance and time requirements for each function and which functions would benefit most greatly from semi-automation or full automation. Layup strategies, in addition to dog ears, stagger shifts, steering constraints, and starting points, represented the group of functions labeled as process optimization and ranked the highest in terms of priority for automation. The laminates resulting from the selected parameters are evaluated through the occurrences of principal defect metrics such as fiber gaps, overlaps, angle deviation and steering violations. This document presents an automated software solution to the layup strategy and starting point selection phase of Process Planning. A series of ply scenarios are generated with variations of these ply parameters and evaluated according to a set of metrics entered by the Process Planner. These metrics are generated through use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), where relative importance between each of the fiber features are defined. The ply scenarios are selected which reduce the overall fiber feature scores based on the defects the Process Planner wishes to minimize

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Dan Fasilitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat

The purpose of this paper is to find out the effect of the quality of public services and facilities on the satisfaction of the people of the Deket sub-district in recording E-KTP. This study uses a descriptive method through a quantitative approach technique. Sampling using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The number of samples is 35 respondents. The distributed of questionnaire was carried out to collect research daya, with closed questionnaire questions.The results instrument uses multiple linear resgression, coefficient of determination, t-test and F-test. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the quality of public services and service facilities has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the employees of the Deket District office can improve the quality of public services and increase the use of service facilities to be effective in order to increase the satisfaction of the people of Deket District in the E-KTP service

Automated Fiber Placement Manufactured Composites for Science Applications

What automated composite laminate manufacturing isWhy automation is of interest in science applicationsHow composite automation is being considered for science instrument applicationsAnd, about test data showing high stiffness materials processed with automation results in reduced material strength while stiffness and coefficient of thermal expansion are mostly unaffected

Increased Interleukin-4 in Farmers With Ascariasis in Rural Jember

Ascaris lumbricoides is nematode which often infest human in the world. The infestation of A. lumbricoides in the human will trigger the formation of Th2 immune responses through increased interleukin-4 released by innate immune cells. Th2 immune response generates B lymphocyte cells to produce IgE antibodies to eliminate A. lumbricoides. Therefore, IL-4 is a marker of Th2 immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ascariasis and an increase of IL-4 in planters infested with A. lumbricoides as a marker of Th2 immune response. Our study was observational analytic with cross sectional design. 230 planters who were willing to be involved in the study gave stool samples for the diagnosis of ascariasis. 20 people who were positive for ascariasis and 20 people who were negative selected randomly for blood plasma samples. IL-4 levels in blood plasma were measured using ELISA. Differences in IL4 levels between positive and negative ascariasis were analyzed by the Mann Whitney statistical test with p value ≤ 0.05. The prevalence of ascariasis among planters in rural area of Jember was 16,52% which was included low prevalence. Univariate analysis showed that the mean and median levels of IL-4 ascariasis were greater than those of healthy planters. Mann Whitney test results showed that there were differences in levels of IL-4 between ascariasis and healthy planters (p≤0.05). Increased levels of IL-4 in planters with ascariasis indicate that A. lumbricoides infection triggers the formation of Th2 immune response as a mechanism for eliminating A. lumbricoides. Keywords: Interleukin-4, A. lumbricoides, Th2 immune response

Kompetensi, Komunikasi Interpersonal, Disiplin Kerja, Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Guru Sekolah Dian Bangsa di Kabupaten Tangerang-Banten

Sebagai guru yang berkualitas dan professional harus memiliki empat kompetensi yaitu kompetensi kepribadian, kompetensi pedadogik, kompetensi profesional, dan kompetensi sosial. Peran penting komunikasi, kedisiplinan kerja, kompensasi serta kompetensi akan memberikan dampak kepuasaan kerja. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian berfokus pada pengaruh kompetensi guru, komunikasi interpersonal, disiplin kerja, dan kompensasi tehadap kepuasan kerja Guru Sekolah Dian Bangsa Kabupaten Tangerang Banten.Kajian teoritik dalam penelitian secara konsep dari indikator variabel penelitian. Metode penelitian yang dalam penelitian ini metode deskritif kuantitatif dengan alat pengujian SPSS 25. Responden penelitian diperoleh melalaui kusioner 42 responden guru. Hasil dari penelitian ini semua variabel kompetensi, komunikasi interpersonal, disiplin kerja, kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja guru Sekolah Dian Bangsa.  Hasi penlitian mengenail kompetensi berpengaruh sebesar 21,9%, komunikasi interpersonal  berpengaruh sebesar 26%, disiplin kerja sebesar 75,6%, dan kompensasi sebesar 29,4%, terhadap kepuasaan kerja guru Sekolah Dian Bangsa dengan persamaan : 0,628 + 0,219X1+0,26X2+0,756X3+0,294X4+