348 research outputs found
Large Language Models as General Pattern Machines
We observe that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) are capable of
autoregressively completing complex token sequences -- from arbitrary ones
procedurally generated by probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFG), to more
rich spatial patterns found in the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC), a
general AI benchmark, prompted in the style of ASCII art. Surprisingly, pattern
completion proficiency can be partially retained even when the sequences are
expressed using tokens randomly sampled from the vocabulary. These results
suggest that without any additional training, LLMs can serve as general
sequence modelers, driven by in-context learning. In this work, we investigate
how these zero-shot capabilities may be applied to problems in robotics -- from
extrapolating sequences of numbers that represent states over time to complete
simple motions, to least-to-most prompting of reward-conditioned trajectories
that can discover and represent closed-loop policies (e.g., a stabilizing
controller for CartPole). While difficult to deploy today for real systems due
to latency, context size limitations, and compute costs, the approach of using
LLMs to drive low-level control may provide an exciting glimpse into how the
patterns among words could be transferred to actions.Comment: 21 pages, 25 figures. To appear at Conference on Robot Learning
(CoRL) 202
Chickens play to the crowd
The time was ripe for Marino’s review of chickens’ cognitive capacities. The research community, apart from expressing gratitude for Marino’s work, should now use it to increase public awareness of chickens’ abilities. People’s views on many animals are ill-informed. Scientists need to communicate and engage with the public about the relevance and societal implications of their findings
Independence in the Home: A Wearable Interface for a Person with Quadriplegia to Teleoperate a Mobile Manipulator
Teleoperation of mobile manipulators within a home environment can
significantly enhance the independence of individuals with severe motor
impairments, allowing them to regain the ability to perform self-care and
household tasks. There is a critical need for novel teleoperation interfaces to
offer effective alternatives for individuals with impairments who may encounter
challenges in using existing interfaces due to physical limitations. In this
work, we iterate on one such interface, HAT (Head-Worn Assistive
Teleoperation), an inertial-based wearable integrated into any head-worn
garment. We evaluate HAT through a 7-day in-home study with Henry Evans, a
non-speaking individual with quadriplegia who has participated extensively in
assistive robotics studies. We additionally evaluate HAT with a proposed shared
control method for mobile manipulators termed Driver Assistance and demonstrate
how the interface generalizes to other physical devices and contexts. Our
results show that HAT is a strong teleoperation interface across key metrics
including efficiency, errors, learning curve, and workload. Code and videos are
located on our project website
Training a New Trick Using No-Reward Markers: Effects on Dogs’ Performance and Stress Behaviors
This study explored using no-reward markers (NRMs). Dogs were taught a novel trick. In the IG group dogs’ errors were ignored; in the NRM group they elicited a tone. Performance and stress were evaluated. IG dogs reached higher levels of performance, with no difference in the frequency of stress behaviors
Task Dynamics of Prior Training Influence Visual Force Estimation Ability During Teleoperation
The lack of haptic feedback in Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery
(RMIS) is a potential barrier to safe tissue handling during surgery. Bayesian
modeling theory suggests that surgeons with experience in open or laparoscopic
surgery can develop priors of tissue stiffness that translate to better force
estimation abilities during RMIS compared to surgeons with no experience. To
test if prior haptic experience leads to improved force estimation ability in
teleoperation, 33 participants were assigned to one of three training
conditions: manual manipulation, teleoperation with force feedback, or
teleoperation without force feedback, and learned to tension a silicone sample
to a set of force values. They were then asked to perform the tension task, and
a previously unencountered palpation task, to a different set of force values
under teleoperation without force feedback. Compared to the teleoperation
groups, the manual group had higher force error in the tension task outside the
range of forces they had trained on, but showed better speed-accuracy functions
in the palpation task at low force levels. This suggests that the dynamics of
the training modality affect force estimation ability during teleoperation,
with the prior haptic experience accessible if formed under the same dynamics
as the task.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Using ICT Programs to Support Students with Dyslexia in Aquiring Literacy
Mastering reading and writing skills as the key priority for students who experience developmental disorders reading and writing or dyslexia. Learning language for dyslexic students is not easy, dyslexic students have difficulty processing language components, especially in reading and writing. Reading and writing begin at an early age, and continue into elementary school. Students learn to read and write by memorizing and repeating letters and words. However, the fact is that this method cannot always be taught for dyslexic students. Students with dyslexia are very different from students in general, they learn differently at very different levels. Some students need more support from the people around them. Dyslexic students are easily saturated if they are invited to learn to read and write. To overcome this problem it is necessary to use the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) program in learning, this program is based on digital, so that it can help dyslexic students in the field of literacy. The use of ICT programs is very supportive of literacy skills and can provide benefits to them, they can learn independently in education, work, and home environment. These programs allow dyslexic students to have the opportunity to access almost all texts. Using the program provide opportunities for dyleksia students to continue learning, and practice so that it is hoped that dyslexic students are able to succeed in writing and reading activities
Constraining the Size Growth of the Task Space with Socially Guided Intrinsic Motivation using Demonstrations
This paper presents an algorithm for learning a highly redundant inverse
model in continuous and non-preset environments. Our Socially Guided Intrinsic
Motivation by Demonstrations (SGIM-D) algorithm combines the advantages of both
social learning and intrinsic motivation, to specialise in a wide range of
skills, while lessening its dependence on the teacher. SGIM-D is evaluated on a
fishing skill learning experiment.Comment: JCAI Workshop on Agents Learning Interactively from Human Teachers
(ALIHT), Barcelona : Spain (2011
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