Identificación y Caracterización de Infraestructuras Críticas en Panamá

Critical infrastructures are man-made systems, facilities that provide services necessary for the development of an increasingly demanding economy. The importance of clear identification and characterization allows us to analyze how they relate to each other and the level of dependence they have between them. The objective of this research is to provide a frame of reference for the study of Critical Infrastructures in Panama. For this purpose, the information of the international scientific community has been reviewed mainly due to the lack of studies related to the critical infrastructures of Panama, as well as public and private organizations that manage the operation of the main service systems in Panama.Keywords: dependence, critical infrastructures, system

Does size matter?

Failures of the complex infrastructures society depends on having enormous human and economic cost that poses the question: Are there ways to optimize these systems to reduce the risks of failure? A dynamic model of one such system, the power transmission grid, is used to investigate the risk from failure as a function of the system size. It is found that there appears to be optimal sizes for such networks where the risk of failure is balanced by the benefit given by the size

Infastructure Interdependencies Modeling and Analysis - A Review and Synthesis

The events of 9/11 and the occurrence of major natural disasters in recent years has resulted in increased awareness and renewed desire to protect critical infrastructure that are the pillars to maintaining what has become normal life in our economy. The problem has been compounded because the increased connectedness between the various sectors of the economy has resulted in interdependencies that allow for problems and issues with one infrastructure to affect other infrastructures. This area is now being investigated extensively after the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) prioritized this issue. There is now a vast extant of literature in the area of infrastructure interdependencies and the modeling of it. This paper presents a synthesis and survey of the literature in the area of infrastructure interdependency modeling methods and proposes a framework for classification of these studies. The framework classifies infrastructure interdependency modeling and analysis methods into four quadrants in terms of system complexities and risks. The directions of future research are also discussed in this paper

The Impact of Local Power Balance and Link Reliability on Blackout Risk in Heterogeneous Power Transmission Grids

Many critical infrastructures such as the power transmission grid are heterogeneous both in their basic structure and in some of their underlying characteristics, This heterogeneity can be good for system robustness if it reduces the spread of failures or bad if it adds risk or vulnerability to the system. In this paper we investigate the effect of heterogeneity in the strength of the links between parts of the system network structures, as well as the balance of local generation and demand, on the robustness of the power transmission grid using the OPA complex system model of the power transmission system. It is found that increasing or decreasing the reliability of the links between parts of the grid changes the likelihood of different size failures with neither being optimal for all sizes. Furthermore, imbalances between load and generation in the local regions further degrades the system reliability

Classification of Intersystem Accidents in Infrastructure-Complex Territories

Urbanisation led to the establishment of infrastructure-complex territories (ICTs). The growing interaction between critical infrastructures in such territories, combined with an increase in the frequency and scale of natural disasters, caused a surge in intersystem accidents (ISA). ISAs are characterised by cascading processes and catastrophic consequences for regional socio-economic development, since they affect both the critical infrastructure and environment. The paper aims to classify intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories, as well as to assess the adaptive resilience of these areas to external influences. An examination of available statistics on domestic and foreign intersystem accidents demonstrated the importance of the issue and allowed us to identify common features of ISAs. The research analysed various approaches to the classification of territories and their adaptive resilience to external influences, showing that the existing classifications mostly do not consider infrastructure-complex territories and the possibility of intersystem accidents. Based on the analysis of statistical data and simulation of cascade failures and emergencies, the article proposes a new approach to the classification of intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories. The scale of economic and social consequences, location of the accident, structure of the development of emergency processes, and other classification features were used. The proposed classification will help simulate emergencies, develop methods for assessing the consequences and resistance of infrastructure-complex territories to external influences, and, subsequently, increase adaptive resilience and economic efficiency of regional development. Further research will be aimed at predicting the development of ISAs and assessing the resulting damage in accordance with the proposed classification

Classification of Intersystem Accidents in Infrastructure-Complex Territories

Urbanisation led to the establishment of infrastructure-complex territories (ICTs). The growing interaction between critical infrastructures in such territories, combined with an increase in the frequency and scale of natural disasters, caused a surge in intersystem accidents (ISA). ISAs are characterised by cascading processes and catastrophic consequences for regional socio-economic development, since they affect both the critical infrastructure and environment. The paper aims to classify intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories, as well as to assess the adaptive resilience of these areas to external influences. An examination of available statistics on domestic and foreign intersystem accidents demonstrated the importance of the issue and allowed us to identify common features of ISAs. The research analysed various approaches to the classification of territories and their adaptive resilience to external influences, showing that the existing classifications mostly do not consider infrastructure-complex territories and the possibility of intersystem accidents. Based on the analysis of statistical data and simulation of cascade failures and emergencies, the article proposes a new approach to the classification of intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories. The scale of economic and social consequences, location of the accident, structure of the development of emergency processes, and other classification features were used. The proposed classification will help simulate emergencies, develop methods for assessing the consequences and resistance of infrastructure-complex territories to external influences, and, subsequently, increase adaptive resilience and economic efficiency of regional development. Further research will be aimed at predicting the development of ISAs and assessing the resulting damage in accordance with the proposed classification

Classification of Intersystem Accidents in Infrastructure-Complex Territories

Процесс урбанизации ведет к формированию инфраструктурно сложных территорий. Растущее взаимодействие критических инфраструктур на инфраструктурно сложных территориях в сочетании с увеличением частоты и масштабов экстремальных природных процессов приводит к росту межсистемных аварий. Межсистемные аварии характеризуются каскадными процессами и катастрофическими последствиями для социально-экономического развития региона, затрагивают критически важные инфраструктуры и окружающую среду. Целью работы являются создание и обоснование классификации межсистемных аварий на инфраструктурно сложных территориях во взаимосвязи с задачей оценки адаптивной устойчивости территорий к внешним воздействиям. Авторами выполнен анализ доступных статистических данных по отечественным и зарубежным межсистемным авариям, который показал актуальность проблемы и позволил выявить общие черты межсистемных аварий. Анализ существующих в мировой практике подходов к классификации территорий с учетом их адаптивной устойчивости к внешним воздействиям показал, что существующие классификации не обладают полнотой, только в определенной степени связаны с инфраструктурно сложными территориями и не учитывают возможность возникновения межсистемных аварий. В статье предлагается подход к классификации межсистемных аварий на инфраструктурно сложных территориях, основанный на анализе статистических данных и результатах моделирования каскадных аварий и чрезвычайных ситуаций. В качестве классификационных признаков использованы, в частности, масштаб экономических, социальных последствий, место возникновения аварии, структура развития аварийных процессов. Предложенная классификация позволит провести на ее основе моделирование развития чрезвычайных ситуаций, разработать методы оценки уровня последствий и адаптивной устойчивости инфраструктурно сложных территорий к внешним воздействиям и тем самым повысить адаптивную устойчивость и экономическую эффективность развития регионов. Дальнейшие исследования будут направлены на формирование типовых сценариев развития межсистемных аварий в соответствии с предложенной классификацией и оценку возникающего ущерба.Urbanisation led to the establishment of infrastructure-complex territories (ICTs). The growing interaction between critical infrastructures in such territories, combined with an increase in the frequency and scale of natural disasters, caused a surge in intersystem accidents (ISA). ISAs are characterised by cascading processes and catastrophic consequences for regional socio-economic development, since they affect both the critical infrastructure and environment. The paper aims to classify intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories, as well as to assess the adaptive resilience of these areas to external influences. An examination of available statistics on domestic and foreign intersystem accidents demonstrated the importance of the issue and allowed us to identify common features of ISAs. The research analysed various approaches to the classification of territories and their adaptive resilience to external influences, showing that the existing classifications mostly do not consider infrastructure-complex territories and the possibility of intersystem accidents. Based on the analysis of statistical data and simulation of cascade failures and emergencies, the article proposes a new approach to the classification of intersystem accidents in infrastructure-complex territories. The scale of economic and social consequences, location of the accident, structure of the development of emergency processes, and other classification features were used. The proposed classification will help simulate emergencies, develop methods for assessing the consequences and resistance of infrastructure-complex territories to external influences, and, subsequently, increase adaptive resilience and economic efficiency of regional development. Further research will be aimed at predicting the development of ISAs and assessing the resulting damage in accordance with the proposed classification.Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ проект «Разработка теоретических основ и практических методов анализа, прогнозирования и оценки безопасности при межсистемных взаимодействиях критических инфраструктур на урбанизированных территориях» № 20-010-00812А.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the grant project No. 20-010-00812A «Development of theoretical foundations and practical methods for analyzing, predicting and evaluating security in intersystem interactions of critical infrastructures in urbanized areas»

Degree design of coupled infrastructures

A recent asymptotic model of cascading failure in two-domain, coupled infrastructures is used to pose and solve a specific degree-distribution design problem. Low-order non-linear analysis exposes the mechanisms by which optimised graphs can form star-like clusters, and suggests why the optimisation is well-behaved numerically. Through computational examples on coupled systems of finite size, we demonstrate that the model assumption of degree independence can be somewhat relaxed, which is significant for geometric connectivity. Further, an assortative heuristic rule that matches degrees across the domain boundary can offer benefits in most finite-size cases