LEARNING R PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FOR ECONOMICS

act Worldwide, scientists conduct research finding answers to questions, and that to do this they have to use, measure, and analyze data. Nowadays, more than never, computer programs are intensive used by researchers from various domains in order to ahieve their goals. There are different software helping scholars to get research results. R is currently one of the top programming languages preferred for accomplishing data science. Descending from the S programming language, R is an independent, open-source, and free software environment, which can be used for statistical analysis, visualization and reporting. In present, the R environment has become one of the most used statistical analysis tools, being used in university and academic research environments, but also in the business environment. More and more companies are using R as a data analysis tool. R is also supported by the academic community. The world's major universities support R. R is being used in the disciplines of finance, banking, insurance, economics, stock market, marketing, computer science, and many other disciplines and fields. Specialists in these fields need R knowledge and skills to analyze data. This article promotes learning of R programming language by students, researchers, and teachers from economic field. Learning R programming language is the acquisition of information, knowledge, and skills of R software. It is an ongoing process that takes place throughout whole professional life without an end date. Learning a programming language like R is the same as learning a spoken language? What is the difference between R and RStudio? How can we gain R skills? These are the questions we propose to answer through this research paper. The goal is helping beginners to enter into the R system. Results consist in providing information and sources to help economist and other people interested in starting learning R programming language

Segmentação de clientes de um e-commerce brasileiro utilizando RFV e métodos de clusterização particionais

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Engenharia de ProduçãoEste trabalho desenvolve uma estratégia de segmentação baseada no comportamento de compra de clientes de um e-commerce do Brasil. Através da análise de dados, este trabalho busca fornecer embasamento ao direcionamento de esforços comerciais específicos para determinados segmentos de cliente. A abordagem utilizada faz uso do conceito de frequência,recência e valor, comumente chamado de RFV, aliada a uma posterior clusterização dos dados. Após a clusterização, os agrupamentos gerados serão interpretados quanto às suas características de recência, frequência e valor para profundo entendimento acerca dos atributos de cada \textit{cluster}. O fluxo de trabalho é baseado no conceito de epiciclo de análise de dados. Assim, a análise contempla as etapas de definição da pergunta de pesquisa, análise exploratória dos dados, construção de modelos formais, interpretação dos resultados e comunicação dos resultados. A partir da tabela de pedidos por cliente, gerou-se as métricas RFV para cada cliente único. As métricas foram então submetidas a um processo de clusterização que utilizou os dois principais métodos particionais: k-means e k-medoids. Os métodos particionais foram escolhidos devido à escalabilidade dos algoritmos aliada à interpretabilidade do resultado. Através do método do cotovelo, definiu-se cinco \textit{clusters} como parâmetros aceitáveis para os modelos. Em ambos os métodos foi possível identificar grupos equivalentes de clientes: clientes ativos de baixo valor e baixa frequência, clientes inativos de baixo valor e baixa frequência, clientes recorrentes, clientes assíduos e clientes de alto valor

Gemination and degemination in English affixation: Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics

In English, phonological double consonants only occur across morphological boundaries, for example, in affixation (e.g. in unnatural, innumerous). There are two possibilities for the phonetic realization of these morphological geminates: Either the phonological double is realized with a longer duration than a phonological singleton (gemination), or it is of the same duration as a singleton consonant (degemination). The present book provides the first large-scale empirical study on the gemination with the five English affixes un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and -ly. Using corpus and experimental data, the predictions of various approaches to the morpho-phonological and the morpho-phonetic interface are tested. By finding out which approach can account best for the gemination pattern of English affixed words, important implications about the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics are drawn

Gemination and degemination in English affixation: Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics

In English, phonological double consonants only occur across morphological boundaries, for example, in affixation (e.g. in unnatural, innumerous). There are two possibilities for the phonetic realization of these morphological geminates: Either the phonological double is realized with a longer duration than a phonological singleton (gemination), or it is of the same duration as a singleton consonant (degemination). The present book provides the first large-scale empirical study on the gemination with the five English affixes un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and -ly. Using corpus and experimental data, the predictions of various approaches to the morpho-phonological and the morpho-phonetic interface are tested. By finding out which approach can account best for the gemination pattern of English affixed words, important implications about the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics are drawn

Gemination and degemination in English affixation: Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics

In English, phonological double consonants only occur across morphological boundaries, for example, in affixation (e.g. in unnatural, innumerous). There are two possibilities for the phonetic realization of these morphological geminates: Either the phonological double is realized with a longer duration than a phonological singleton (gemination), or it is of the same duration as a singleton consonant (degemination). The present book provides the first large-scale empirical study on the gemination with the five English affixes un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and -ly. Using corpus and experimental data, the predictions of various approaches to the morpho-phonological and the morpho-phonetic interface are tested. By finding out which approach can account best for the gemination pattern of English affixed words, important implications about the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics are drawn

Gemination and degemination in English affixation: Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics

In English, phonological double consonants only occur across morphological boundaries, for example, in affixation (e.g. in unnatural, innumerous). There are two possibilities for the phonetic realization of these morphological geminates: Either the phonological double is realized with a longer duration than a phonological singleton (gemination), or it is of the same duration as a singleton consonant (degemination). The present book provides the first large-scale empirical study on the gemination with the five English affixes un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and -ly. Using corpus and experimental data, the predictions of various approaches to the morpho-phonological and the morpho-phonetic interface are tested. By finding out which approach can account best for the gemination pattern of English affixed words, important implications about the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics are drawn

Experiments with Marxism-Leninism in Cold War Southeast Asia

One of the most contentious theatres of the global conflict between capitalism and communism was Southeast Asia. From the 1920s until the end of the Cold War, the region was racked by international and internal wars that claimed the lives of millions and fundamentally altered societies in the region for generations. Most of the 11 countries that compose Southeast Asia were host to the development of sizable communist parties that actively (and sometimes violently) contested for political power. These parties were the object of fierce repression by European colonial powers, post-independence governments and the United States. Southeast Asia communist parties were also the object of a great deal of analysis both during and after these conflicts. This book brings together a host of expert scholars, many of whom are either Southeast Asia–based or from the countries under analysis, to present the most expansive and comprehensive study to date on ideological and practical experiments with Marxism-Leninism in Southeast Asia. The bulk of this edited volume presents the contents of these revolutionary ideologies on their own terms and their transformations in praxis by using primary source materials that are free of the preconceptions and distortions of counterinsurgent narratives. A unifying strength of this work is its focus on using primary sources in the original languages of the insurgents themselves

Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics

In English, phonological double consonants only occur across morphological boundaries, for example, in affixation (e.g. in unnatural, innumerous). There are two possibilities for the phonetic realization of these morphological geminates: Either the phonological double is realized with a longer duration than a phonological singleton (gemination), or it is of the same duration as a singleton consonant (degemination). The present book provides the first large-scale empirical study on the gemination with the five English affixes un-, locative in-, negative in-, dis- and -ly. Using corpus and experimental data, the predictions of various approaches to the morpho-phonological and the morpho-phonetic interface are tested. By finding out which approach can account best for the gemination pattern of English affixed words, important implications about the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics are drawn