Quaker responses to Darwin

[FIRST PARAGRAPH] In his seminal work Darwin and the General Reader (1958), Alvar Ellegird surveyed the British periodical press over the period 1859 to 1872 in order to discover how Darwin's theory had been received in a hundred publications reflecting a wide range of social, religious, and political opinion. He paid attention both to the amount of space devoted to Darwinian topics and also to each periodical's stance with respect to such issues as the theory of natural selection and the naturalistic account of the formation of humankind. In each case he summarized his findings using a numerical scale. Among the journals he examined were two Quaker periodicals- the Friend and the Friends' Quarterly Examiner-from which he concluded that Quakers paid little attention to Darwin's theory and that the few references that appeared were generally antagonistic to the new theory. The quotations Ellegird selected confirmed this judgment: for example, in characterizing the Friend as anti-Darwinian he cited an 1861 entry in which a reviewer regretted the large number of converts to Darwinism, exclaiming, "Alas, their name is legion." Despite the somewhat higher scores achieved by the Friends' Quarterly Examiner, Ellegird did not adequately distinguish between these two periodicals, which reflected significantly different sections within the British Quaker community. Rather surprisingly, he also lumped Quakers with Congregationalists, Baptists, and certain other dissenting groups that appear to have responded similarly to Darwin's theory but shared little of religious significance with Quakers. In contrast to these denominations, Unitarians scored higher but Methodists were lower still on Elleglrd's scale

Post transfer of undertakings psychological contract violation: modelling antecedents and outcomes

Msc Human Resource ManagementThe purpose of this study was to test a model of antecedents and outcomes of psychological contract violation based on social exchange theory within the context of an acquisition. A cross-sectional quantitative survey research design was used. A total of 200 office and operational employees who had recently gone through a TUPE transfer process as the result of an acquisition partiCipated in the study. PartiCipants were] asked to complete a questionnaire to measure their perceptions of procedural justice and perceived organisational support experienced at the point of TUPE and the resulting psychological contract violation and employee engagement post-TUPE. Multiple regression analysis through SPSS 19.0 was used as the method of analysis. Results indicate that procedural justice and perceived organisational support predicts psychological contract violation. Results indicate that psychological contract violation in turn predicts employee engagement. In addition, psychological contract violation mediates the relationship between procedural justice, perceived organisational support and employee engagement. Therefore, support has been found to state that the psychological contract can be used to explain the relationship between employee perceptions of fairness and support during a TUPE and their post-TUPE reaction of engagement. The study used cross-sectional and self-reported data which limits the conclusions that can be confirmed about causality and also raises concerns about common method bias. Furthermore, it is acknowledged that various extraneous or confounding variable may have an influence on the variables. The study offers insights into employees' responses within the context of TUPE transfers as explored through the psychological contract within the social exchange theory the framework

\u27Some Account of the Progress of the Truth as it Is in Jesus\u27: The White Quakers of Ireland

The White Quakers were a small but vocal sect of schismatic Quakers in Dublin, Waterford, Clonmel and Mountmellick, under the leadership of Joshua Jacob and Abigail Beale, between c. 1840-1854. The history of the sect, its connections with contemporary utopian leaders in England, its contemporary reputation in the Quaker and non-Quaker world, and treatment in historiography are examined. White Quaker ideas on religious authority, gender and marriage, capitalist and commercial activity, are also outlined in the following study

Factors Influencing College Selection by NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Players

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III basketball, coaches are often faced with the challenge of stretching resources to successfully recruit players who will represent the institution without the benefit of athletic scholarships. Having a better grasp of the factors that influence the college selection of NCAA Division III players might assist these coaches in more efficiently maximizing their resources. The purposes of this study were to (a) examine specific factors which influence why DIII basketball players made their choice to attend a particular school, (b) determine if there were differences based upon the type of school attended, and (c) examine whether there were categorical factors that differed on the basis of a players recruitment, year in school, race/ethnicity, playing status, or financial aid status.   Using the revised Influential Factors Survey for Student Athletes (IFSSA-R; Pauline, 2010), 503 DIII men’s basketball players were surveyed. Participant responses indicated that ‘career opportunities’ was the most vital item affecting college selection. With regard to the five categorical factors (academic, athletic, coaching staff, financial aid, and social atmosphere) academic factors were also found to be important.   Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) differences as determined by type of school for the athletic, academic, and financial aid subscales.  Results of the study will provide useful information for DIII men’s basketball coaches and college administrators throughout various points in the recruiting and college selection process.  Keywords: coaching, recruiting, basketball, NCAA Division III, college selectio

The UK deficit: how Britain's universities are managing deep budget cuts?

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The meanings of happiness in Mass Observation's Bolton

In April 1938, the social investigative organization, Mass Observation conducted an inquiry into the happiness of Bolton people. In this article we analyse the letters and questionnaire responses generated through a competition that asked, ‘What is happiness?’ We examine the extent to which these competition entrants were representative of Bolton population and conclude that they were broadly representative in terms of occupation and sex, but less so in terms of social class. We describe the factors which according to competition entrants determined individual happiness. These were remarkably stable across age groups and gender. Economic security emerged as the dominant consideration, whilst personal pleasure was represented as playing little part in generating happiness. A detailed analysis of the happiness letters and questionnaires suggests that introspective and relational factors were also important determinants of well-being. We demonstrate that these introspective factors were framed by an individual’s personal moral framework and that relational factors were under-pinned by gendered conceptions of domestic happiness

\u27Gaining a Voice\u27: An Interpretation of Quaker Women\u27s Writing 1740-1850

The aim of this paper is to suggest way s in which Quaker women Ministers, in a period of considerable doctrinal and secular change, used their journal writings as a tool to maintain their position within the Society of Friends. Expanding on previous work on Quaker women\u27s spiritual autobiography, it suggests that these writings were not only written for spiritual purposes but also had a temporal dimension, providing women with an authorized \u27voice\u27 through which to express their concerns. The paper explores how in these writings Quaker women represented themselves, their work and their struggles when confronted with a male hierarchy, which for both doctrinal and temporal reasons, was progressively more determined to reduce their role and influence. Using both published and unpublished journals, this study suggests that Quaker women ministers knowingly promulgated their views and concerns through their journals to a wider audience and that their writing provided a useful and powerful medium for consciousness raising, ensuring that their readers were not only alerted to the women\u27s concerns but were also encouraged to maintain the position of women within the organisation of the Society