China's absorptive State: research, innovation and the prospects for China-UK collaboration

China's innovation system is advancing so rapidly in multiple directions that the UK needs to develop a more ambitious and tailored strategy, able to maximise opportunities and minimise risks across the diversity of its innovation links to China. For the UK, the choice is not whether to engage more deeply with the Chinese system, but how. This report analyses the policies, prospects and dilemmas for Chinese research and innovation over the next decade. It is designed to inform a more strategic approach to supporting China-UK collaboration

Inovação na diplomacia cultural: o caso da China

This study focuses on the innovation of China’s cultural diplomacy (CCD) by means of the Confucius Institute (CI). The main contents revolve around the following research goals: 1) to understand the strategic framework and practical path of CCD, and to clarify the context of its inheritance and innovation; 2) to analyze whether the CI, epitomized as a crucial innovation of CCD, has improved China’s national image in Portuguese-speaking countries (PSCs) and enhanced the attraction and international competitiveness of Chinese culture; and 3) to explore how China can better formulate its CD strategy in line with the exigencies of the modern era. The study combines the methods of literature review, case study, and questionnaire research to explore the topics from different perspectives to strengthen the scientific nature of the research results. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the connotation and value of CD. Chapter 2 expounds the development and innovation of CCD. Chapter 3 systematically summarizes China’s cultural interaction in its diplomatic process with PSCs. Chapter 4 elaborates on the CI in terms of its operation mode and diplomatic means. Chapter 5 forms the core of the study and involves empirical analysis of case-study and questionnaire data. It aims to investigate the functions, public image, influence, and practical means of CIs in the process of CD. Major findings indicate that CIs in PSCs have achieved ideal social feedback and play a positive role in shaping the image of China. However, according to the different continents where CIs are located, the survey results show distinct characteristics which are closely related to China’s different foreign policies towards Latin America, Europe, and Africa and are determined by the historical experiences and national conditions of the various countries. The future task for CCD is to clarify China’s institutional roots and the cultural genes behind its development by using cultural exchanges and China’s fluid culture to convey a message of China’s pursuit of peace, development, and cooperation.Este estudo tem como foco a inovação da Diplomacia Cultural da China (DCC) através do Instituto Confúcio (IC). Os principais conteúdos giram em torno dos seguintes objetivos de investigação: 1) compreender o enquadramento estratégico e o percurso prático da Diplomacia Cultural da China e clarificar o contexto da sua herança e inovação; 2) analisar se o IC, exemplo de inovação crucial da Diplomacia Cultural da China, melhorou a imagem nacional da China nos Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) e aumentou a atração e competitividade internacional da cultura chinesa; e 3) explorar como a China pode formular melhor a sua estratégia de Diplomacia Cultural, de acordo com as exigências da era moderna. O estudo combina os métodos de revisão de literatura, estudo de caso e pesquisa de questionário para explorar os tópicos de diferentes perspetivas com o objetivo de fortalecer a natureza científica dos resultados de investigação. Além da introdução e da conclusão, a tese está dividida em cinco capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute a conotação e o valor de Diplomacia Cultural (DC). O Capítulo 2 expõe o desenvolvimento e a inovação da Diplomacia Cultural da China (DCC). O Capítulo 3 resume sistematicamente a interação cultural da China no seu processo diplomático com os Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP). O Capítulo 4 discorre sobre o papel do IC em termos do seu modo de operar e dos seus meios diplomáticos. O Capítulo 5 constitui o núcleo da tese e envolve a análise empírica dos dados do estudo de caso e do questionário. Tem como objetivo investigar as funções, a imagem pública, a influência e os meios práticos dos IC no processo de Diplomacia Cultural (DC). As principais descobertas indicam que os IC nos PALOP alcançaram o feedback social ideal e desempenham um papel positivo na formação da imagem da China. No entanto, de acordo com os diferentes continentes onde os IC estão situados, os resultados da pesquisa apresentam caraterísticas distintas que estão intimamente relacionadas com as diferentes políticas externas da China para a América Latina, a Europa e a África e são determinadas pelas experiências históricas e pelas condições nacionais dos vários países. A futura tarefa da Diplomacia Cultural da China (DCC) será a de esclarecer as raízes institucionais da China e os genes culturais por trás do seu desenvolvimento, usando intercâmbios culturais e a cultura fluida da China para transmitir uma mensagem de busca de paz, de desenvolvimento e de cooperação por parte da China.Programa Doutoral em Políticas Pública

Big data in education and organizational change: Evidence from private K12 schools in China

China is a time-honored civilization with a long history of private education. In China, private education has played an important role in preserving Chinese civilization. At the end of the 20th century, private education in China began to develop thanks to government support. As such, remarkable progress was made during the past decade. Due to specific conditions within the education industry, however, the administration of private edu-cation - and basic education, in particular - has remained rudimentary compared with other more mature service industries. To address the many problems in basic education, such as rig-id teaching methods, heavy teacher workloads and long, repetitive working hours, it is imper-ative in this information era to conduct innovative explorations with the help of the “internet of things” (IoT), big data and other scientific and technological means to carry out organiza-tional reform in schools and to establish contemporary organizational structures and manage-ment modes. Doing so will comprehensively improve the administration of basic education, which will in turn promote the quality of education and teaching. This thesis examines Tianli Education Group, a typical example of private, basic educa-tion in China. By adopting experimental research methods, the behavior of students and teachers in Tianli’s schools were experimentally analyzed. IoT technology was employed to collect data about student behavior at school. Likewise, after collecting and analyzing big data on the behavior of teachers at school, the content and processes of their work were analyzed. Based on these experiments, this thesis explores a new 5G era-appropriate mode of stu-dent selection and training that makes use of big data technology. It outlines the standard work scenario for teachers and improves both their work efficiency and salaries by “trimming staff and streamlining administration,” thus rekindling enthusiasm among teachers for their work. Finally, as a part of this thesis, a series of organizational changes were implemented at Tianli Education Group and its schools to boost organizational vitality, improve overall levels of education, teaching and operational efficiency, raise teachers’ salaries and enhance student happiness.A China é uma civilização muito antiga, com uma longa história de educação privada. A educação privada desempenhou um papel importante na preservação da civilização chinesa. No final do século 20, a educação privada na China começou a desenvolver-se com o apoio do governo. Nos últimos dez anos, devido ao apoio concedido temos assistido a um grande progresso. Contudo e em virtude das condições específicas da indústria da educação, a administração da educação privada – a educação básica em particular – permaneceu rudimentar quando comparada com outras indústrias de serviços. Para resolver os muitos problemas da educação básica, tais como os métodos rígidos de ensino, as cargas de trabalho pesadas e horas de trabalho repetitivas, torna-se imperativo nesta era da informação realizar pesquisas inovadoras com a ajuda da “Internet das Coisas”, do “Big Data” e meios científicos e tecnológicos que nos permitam realizar a reforma nas escolas e estabelecer estruturas organizacionais e métodos de gestão adaptados aos tempos em que vivemos. Os resultados destas pesquisas irão contribuir para melhorar de uma forma abrangente a administração da educação básica, o que por sua vez promoverá a qualidade da educação e do ensino. Esta tese estuda o Tianli Education Group, que consideramos um bom exemplo do ensino privado na educação básica na China. Adoptando métodos experimentais de pesquisa, o comportamento dos estudantes e professores das escolas Tianli foram analisados. Aplicamos a tecnologia da “Internet das Coisas” para recolher informações sobre comportamento dos alunos na escola. Da mesma forma, após a recolha e análise dos dados sobre o comportamento dos professores na escola, efetuamos a análise do conteúdo e dos processos do seu trabalho. Tendo por base estas experiências, esta tese explora na nova era 5G, um modo apropriado para seleção e formação dos alunos. Esta tese descreve o cenário padrão de trabalho para professores e melhora não somente a eficiência do trabalho como também os seus salários ao “reduzir o pessoal e simplificar a administração”, reacendendo assim o entusiasmo dos professores pelo seu trabalho. Finalmente, como parte desta tese, uma série de mudanças organizacionais foram implementadas nas escolas do grupo Tianli Education Group com a finalidade de impulsionar a vitalidade organizacional, melhorar todos os níveis gerais de educação, aumentar a eficiência operacional e de ensino, aumentar os salários dos professores e aumentar a felicidade dos alunos

Graduates' employability in the creative industry in China: what competencies, qualities, and skills Chinese graduates with an undergraduate degree in Fine Art need for employment in China

With the evolving effect of globalisation, the employment challenges of Chinese graduates has become highly complex and increasingly uncertain. China has witnessed a rapid expansion in its higher education sector in recent decades, with a concomitant increase in the number of graduates. This has severely affected the availability of relevant jobs, to the extent that we are witnessing a saturation of the graduate job market. In addition, various industrial restructuring and repositioning of productivity has created further challenges in the job market. This emerging imbalance between job availability and graduates has become a matter of concern, not only for the those seeking professional employment, but for employers, government and universities. This research addresses the specific concerns regarding the employment of Fine Art graduates in China. Statistics indicate that, across all higher education disciplines, the employment rate for Fine Art graduates, six months after graduation, has severely declined for four consecutive years. This implies that existing pedagogical approaches and education policies in China have not successfully projected or responded to the changing job market and have not positively impacted the employment levels of Fine Art graduates. The Fine Art curriculum in China is based on a relatively traditional approach to the discipline and is mostly dedicated to the development of skills in painting, drawing sculpting and printmaking. In contrast, the cultural industries, in which Fine Art is supposedly situated, are undergoing a process of development towards an approach more in line with the globalised creative industries. It is this situation that presents, not only an urgent, ongoing problem regarding the sustainability of Fine Art education in China, but also the central research problem of this thesis. The research addresses this problem through an analysis that uses a coordination triangle model in combination with a heuristic model of employability, with the aim of identifying the competencies, qualities and skills Chinese graduates, with an undergraduate degree in Fine Art, need for employment in the emerging creative industries in China. The research argues that the current traditional skills based approach to Fine Art education in China does not meet the needs of students in terms of their professional job prospects in the context of the fast developing, globalised creative industries. Furthermore, the researcher makes recommendations, based on a thorough analysis of original, current, primary data, for Fine Art higher education programmes towards curriculum development and delivery, that meets the expectations of graduates and employers of the creative industries of China

Mining a Small Medical Data Set by Integrating the Decision Tree and t-test

[[abstract]]Although several researchers have used statistical methods to prove that aspiration followed by the injection of 95% ethanol left in situ (retention) is an effective treatment for ovarian endometriomas, very few discuss the different conditions that could generate different recovery rates for the patients. Therefore, this study adopts the statistical method and decision tree techniques together to analyze the postoperative status of ovarian endometriosis patients under different conditions. Since our collected data set is small, containing only 212 records, we use all of these data as the training data. Therefore, instead of using a resultant tree to generate rules directly, we use the value of each node as a cut point to generate all possible rules from the tree first. Then, using t-test, we verify the rules to discover some useful description rules after all possible rules from the tree have been generated. Experimental results show that our approach can find some new interesting knowledge about recurrent ovarian endometriomas under different conditions.[[journaltype]]國外[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]FI

Technology entrepreneurship : a process framework

Scholars are in search of an integrated perspective to explain entrepreneurship in a coherent way. This study sets to contribute to this search with a process framework for understanding similar patterns of entrepreneurship actions over time in different settings. This research uses the multi-case study approach to observe the entrepreneurial process in 12 technology-based start-ups. The result is a framework of entrepreneurship as a social design process. This translates into a number of concrete insights. First, in addition to the widely accepted path of scanning to discover entrepreneurial idea, two complementary paths towards the initial ideas are added: sensing via experiencing and sensing via visioning. The initial input is vague, simple and incomplete idea, in comparison to detailed business plans. Second, upon identification of the initial idea, the entrepreneur engages in a deliberate conceptualization process to test, develop and evaluate the idea. Third, feedback not only makes the ideas explicit but also serves as the basis for the entrepreneurs__ confidence. Fourth, adaption actions sustain the entrepreneurship process. In conclusion, these findings characterize technology entrepreneurship as a process in which entrepreneurs proactively and iteratively engage in conceptualizing, implementing and adapting actions, until they reach the status of a viable configuration.Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog

Chinese elements : a bridge of the integration between Chinese -English translation and linguaculture transnational mobility

[Abstract] As the popularity of Chinese elements in the innovation of the translation part in Chinese CET, we realized that Chinese elements have become a bridge between linguaculture transnational mobility and Chinese-English translation.So, Chinese students translation skills should be critically improved; for example, on their understanding about Chinese culture, especially the meaning of Chinese culture. Five important secrets of skillful translation are introduced to improve students’ translation skills

China's iGeneration

Collection of essays on twenty-first century Chinese cinema and moving image culture. This innovative collection of essays on twenty-first century Chinese cinema and moving image culture features contributions from an international community of scholars, critics, and practitioners. Taken together, their perspectives make a compelling case that the past decade has witnessed a radical transformation of conventional notions of cinema. Following China's accession to the WTO in 2001, personal and collective experiences of changing social conditions have added new dimensions to the increasingly diverse Sinophone media landscape, and provided a novel complement to the existing edifice of blockbusters, documentaries, and auteur culture. The numerous 'iGeneration' productions and practices examined in this volume include 3D and IMAX films, experimental documentaries, animation, visual aides-mémoires, and works of pirated pastiche