12 research outputs found
Relaxed Two-Coloring of Cubic Graphs
We show that any graph of maximum degree at most has a two-coloring, such that one color-class is an independent set while the other color induces monochromatic components of order at most . On the other hand for any constant we exhibit a -regular graph, such that the deletion of any independent set leaves at least one component of order greater than . Similar results are obtained for coloring graphs of given maximum degree with colors such that parts form an independent set and parts span components of order bounded by a constant. A lot of interesting questions remain open
A note on 2--bisections of claw--free cubic graphs
A \emph{--bisection} of a bridgeless cubic graph is a --colouring
of its vertex set such that the colour classes have the same cardinality and
all connected components in the two subgraphs induced by the colour classes
have order at most . Ban and Linial conjectured that {\em every bridgeless
cubic graph admits a --bisection except for the Petersen graph}.
In this note, we prove Ban--Linial's conjecture for claw--free cubic graphs
Graph coloring with no large monochromatic components
For a graph G and an integer t we let mcc_t(G) be the smallest m such that
there exists a coloring of the vertices of G by t colors with no monochromatic
connected subgraph having more than m vertices. Let F be any nontrivial
minor-closed family of graphs. We show that \mcc_2(G) = O(n^{2/3}) for any
n-vertex graph G \in F. This bound is asymptotically optimal and it is attained
for planar graphs. More generally, for every such F and every fixed t we show
that mcc_t(G)=O(n^{2/(t+1)}). On the other hand we have examples of graphs G
with no K_{t+3} minor and with mcc_t(G)=\Omega(n^{2/(2t-1)}).
It is also interesting to consider graphs of bounded degrees. Haxell, Szabo,
and Tardos proved \mcc_2(G) \leq 20000 for every graph G of maximum degree 5.
We show that there are n-vertex 7-regular graphs G with \mcc_2(G)=\Omega(n),
and more sharply, for every \epsilon>0 there exists c_\epsilon>0 and n-vertex
graphs of maximum degree 7, average degree at most 6+\epsilon for all
subgraphs, and with mcc_2(G)\ge c_\eps n. For 6-regular graphs it is known only
that the maximum order of magnitude of \mcc_2 is between \sqrt n and n.
We also offer a Ramsey-theoretic perspective of the quantity \mcc_t(G).Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Colourings of cubic graphs inducing isomorphic monochromatic subgraphs
A -bisection of a bridgeless cubic graph is a -colouring of its
vertex set such that the colour classes have the same cardinality and all
connected components in the two subgraphs induced by the colour classes
(monochromatic components in what follows) have order at most . Ban and
Linial conjectured that every bridgeless cubic graph admits a -bisection
except for the Petersen graph. A similar problem for the edge set of cubic
graphs has been studied: Wormald conjectured that every cubic graph with
has a -edge colouring such that the two
monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic linear forests (i.e. a forest whose
components are paths). Finally, Ando conjectured that every cubic graph admits
a bisection such that the two induced monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic.
In this paper, we give a detailed insight into the conjectures of Ban-Linial
and Wormald and provide evidence of a strong relation of both of them with
Ando's conjecture. Furthermore, we also give computational and theoretical
evidence in their support. As a result, we pose some open problems stronger
than the above mentioned conjectures. Moreover, we prove Ban-Linial's
conjecture for cubic cycle permutation graphs.
As a by-product of studying -edge colourings of cubic graphs having linear
forests as monochromatic components, we also give a negative answer to a
problem posed by Jackson and Wormald about certain decompositions of cubic
graphs into linear forests.Comment: 33 pages; submitted for publicatio
Defective and Clustered Graph Colouring
Consider the following two ways to colour the vertices of a graph where the
requirement that adjacent vertices get distinct colours is relaxed. A colouring
has "defect" if each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most
. A colouring has "clustering" if each monochromatic component has at
most vertices. This paper surveys research on these types of colourings,
where the first priority is to minimise the number of colours, with small
defect or small clustering as a secondary goal. List colouring variants are
also considered. The following graph classes are studied: outerplanar graphs,
planar graphs, graphs embeddable in surfaces, graphs with given maximum degree,
graphs with given maximum average degree, graphs excluding a given subgraph,
graphs with linear crossing number, linklessly or knotlessly embeddable graphs,
graphs with given Colin de Verdi\`ere parameter, graphs with given
circumference, graphs excluding a fixed graph as an immersion, graphs with
given thickness, graphs with given stack- or queue-number, graphs excluding
as a minor, graphs excluding as a minor, and graphs excluding
an arbitrary graph as a minor. Several open problems are discussed.Comment: This is a preliminary version of a dynamic survey to be published in
the Electronic Journal of Combinatoric
Finding Independent Transversals Efficiently
Let G be a graph and (V_1,...,V_m) be a vertex partition of G. An independent transversal (IT) of G with respect to (V_1,...,V_m) is an independent set {v_1,...,v_m} in G such that v_i is in V_i for each i in {1,...,m}.
There exist various theorems that give sufficient conditions for the existence of ITs. These theorems have been used to solve problems in graph theory (e.g. list colouring, strong colouring, delay edge colouring, circular colouring, various graph partitioning and special independent set problems), hypergraphs (e.g. hypergraph matching), group theory (e.g. generators in linear groups), and theoretical computer science (e.g. job scheduling and other resource allocation problems). However, the proofs of the existence theorems that give the best possible bounds do not provide efficient algorithms for finding an IT. In this
thesis, we give poly-time algorithms for finding an IT under certain conditions and some applications, while weakening the original theorems only slightly. We also give e fficient poly-time algorithms for finding partial ITs and ITs of large weight in vertex-weighted graphs, as well as an application of these weighted results
Relaxed two-coloring of cubic graphs
We show that any graph of maximum degree at most 3 has a two-coloring, such that one color-class is an independent set while the other color induces monochromatic components of order at most 189. On the other hand for any constant C we exhibit a 4-regular graph, such that the deletion of any independent set leaves at least one component of order greater than C. Similar results are obtained for coloring graphs of given maximum degree with k + ℓ colors such that k parts form an independent set and ℓ parts span components of order bounded by a constant. A lot of interesting questions remain open