2,103 research outputs found
The Role and Relevance of Experimentation in Informatics
Informatics is a relatively young eld within sci-
ence and engineering. Its research and develop-
ment methodologies build on the scientic and de-
sign methodologies in the classical areas, often with
new elements to it. We take an in-depth look at one
of the less well-understood methodologies in infor-
matics, namely
experimentation.
What does it mean to do experiments in in-
formatics? Does it make sense to `import' tradi-
tional principles of experimentation from classical
disciplines into the eld of computing and informa-
tion processing? How should experiments be docu-
mented? These are some of the questions that are
treated.
The report argues for the key role of empiri-
cal research and experimentation in contemporary
Informatics. Many IT systems, large and small,
can only be designed sensibly with the help of
experiments. We recommend that professionals and students alike are well-educated in the prin-
ciples of sound experimentation in Informatics. We
also recommend that experimentation protocols are
used and standardized as part of the experimental
method in Informatic
Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system
Tourism destinations behave as dynamic evolving complex systems, encompassing
numerous factors and activities which are interdependent and whose
relationships might be highly nonlinear. Traditional research in this field has
looked after a linear approach: variables and relationships are monitored in
order to forecast future outcomes with simplified models and to derive
implications for management organisations. The limitations of this approach
have become apparent in many cases, and several authors claim for a new and
different attitude.
While complex systems ideas are amongst the most promising interdisciplinary
research themes emerged in the last few decades, very little has been done so
far in the field of tourism. This paper presents a brief overview of the
complexity framework as a means to understand structures, characteristics,
relationships, and explores the implications and contributions of the
complexity literature on tourism systems. The objective is to allow the reader
to gain a deeper appreciation of this point of view.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted in Tourism Analysi
The Process of Innovation
The paper argues that innovation processes can be cognitive, organisational and/or economic. They happen in conditions of uncertainty and (in the capitalist system) of competition. Three broad, overlapping sub-processes of innovation are identified: the production of knowledge; the transformation of knowledge into products, systems, processes and services; and the continuous matching of the latter to market needs and demands. The paper identifies key trends in each of these areas: (1) increasing specialisation in knowledge production; (2) increasing complexity in physical artefacts, and in the knowledge bases underpinning them; and (3) the difficulties of matching technological opportunities with market needs and organisational practices. Despite advances in scientific theory and information and communication technologies (ICTs), innovation processes remain unpredictable and difficult to manage. They also vary widely according to the firm's sector and size. Only two innovation processes remain generic: co-ordinating and integrating specialised knowledge, and learning in conditions of uncertainty. The paper also touches on the key challenges now facing 'innovation managers' within modern industrial corporations, bearing in mind the highly contingent nature of innovation.innovation processes, specialised knowledge production, knowledge transformation, modern industrial corporations
INSPIRE Newsletter Spring 2020
https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/inspire-newsletters/1006/thumbnail.jp
A transferable machine-learning framework linking interstice distribution and plastic heterogeneity in metallic glasses
When metallic glasses (MGs) are subjected to mechanical loads, the plastic
response of atoms is non-uniform. However, the extent and manner in which
atomic environment signatures present in the undeformed structure determine
this plastic heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that novel site
environment features that characterize interstice distributions around atoms
combined with machine learning (ML) can reliably identify plastic sites in
several Cu-Zr compositions. Using only quenched structural information as
input, the ML-based plastic probability estimates ("quench-in softness" metric)
can identify plastic sites that could activate at high strains, losing
predictive power only upon the formation of shear bands. Moreover, we reveal
that a quench-in softness model trained on a single composition and quenching
rate substantially improves upon previous models in generalizing to different
compositions and completely different MG systems (Ni62Nb38, Al90Sm10 and
Fe80P20). Our work presents a general, data-centric framework that could
potentially be used to address the structural origin of any site-specific
property in MGs
Proceedings of the Fifth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems: Professional Development Consortium
Collection of position statements of doctoral students and junior faculty in the Professional Development Consortium at the the Fifth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems, Tel Aviv - Yafo
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