1,751 research outputs found
Splenic nerve bundle stimulation in acute and chronic inflammation
Splenic neurovascular bundle stimulation holds potential to treat acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In the first part of the thesis, the available literature on the interactions between the immune system and nervous system in the intestine is summarized. Then, it is shown that a specialized T-cell, that can produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, resides in the gut an plays a dual role in the development of experimental colitis in mice. Furthermore, electrical splenic neurovascular bundle stimulation ameliorated the outcomes of colitis in mice and reversed transcriptomic changes in the gut that were induced by colitis. The second part of the thesis focused on the translation of splenic neurovascular bundle stimulation to the human situation. It is shown that there are significant changes between murine and human innervation of the spleen. Using computed tomography (CT) images the course and the characteristics of the splenic artery were described. These data were used to develop a cuff electrode that could be used for electrical stimulation of the splenic neurovascular bundle in humans. Finally, it was demonstrated that splenic neurovascular bundle stimulation in humans was safe and feasible in a pilot study with patients that underwent esophagectomy
Analytical validation of innovative magneto-inertial outcomes: a controlled environment study.
peer reviewe
Modern meat: the next generation of meat from cells
Modern Meat is the first textbook on cultivated meat, with contributions from over 100 experts within the cultivated meat community.
The Sections of Modern Meat comprise 5 broad categories of cultivated meat: Context, Impact, Science, Society, and World.
The 19 chapters of Modern Meat, spread across these 5 sections, provide detailed entries on cultivated meat. They extensively tour a range of topics including the impact of cultivated meat on humans and animals, the bioprocess of cultivated meat production, how cultivated meat may become a food option in Space and on Mars, and how cultivated meat may impact the economy, culture, and tradition of Asia
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023
Background
In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document. Methods
ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work. Results
ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost. Conclusion
The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment
Revista de Științe ale Sănătății din Moldova = Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences. 2023, Vol. 10(2)
Revista de Științe ale Sănătății din Moldova (Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences) a fost lansată în octombrie 2014. Aceasta este editată în limbile română și engleză, conform standardelor și ghidurilor internaționale actuale în domeniul științelor medicale, și are o apariție trimestrială. Revista este înregistrată în Instrumentul Bibliometric Național IBN/IDSI (nr.1 din 16.11.2015), iar din 21 decembrie 2017, prin Hotărârea Consiliului Suprem pentru Știință și Dezvoltare Tehnologică nr. 169, a fost inclusă în lista revistelor științifice de Tip B. Revista este înregistrată în 2 baze de date internaționale
The study of renal function and toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a vertebrate model
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. The zebrafish model was introduced to toxicological sciences in 1960, followed by its use in biomedical sciences to investigate vertebrate gene functions. As a consequence of many research projects in this field, the study of human genetic diseases became instantly feasible. Consequently, zebrafish have been intensively used in developmental biology and associated disciplines. Due to the simple administration of medicines and the high number of offspring, zebrafish larvae became widely more popular in pharmacological studies in the following years. In the past decade, zebrafish larvae were further established as a vertebrate model in the field of pharmacokinetics and nanomedicines. In this PhD thesis, zebrafish larvae were investigated as an earlystage in vivo vertebrate model to study renal function, toxicity, and were applied in drug-targeting projects using nanomedicines.
The first part focused on the characterization of the renal function of three-to four-dayold zebrafish larvae. Non-renal elimination processes were additionally described. Moreover, injection techniques, imaging parameters, and post-image processing scripts were established to serve as a toolbox for follow-up projects.
The second part analyzed the impact of gentamicin (a nephrotoxin) on the morphology of the pronephros of zebrafish larvae. Imaging methodologies such as fluorescent-based laser scanning microscopy and X-ray-based microtomography were applied. A profound comparison study of specimens acquired with different laboratory X-ray-based microtomography devices and a radiation facility was done to promote the use of X-ray-based microtomography for broader biomedical applications.
In the third part, the toxicity of nephrotoxins on mitochondria in renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules was assessed using the zebrafish larva model. Findings were compared with other teleost models such as isolated renal tubules of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). In view of the usefulness and high predictability of the zebrafish model, it was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of novel nanoparticles in the fourth part. Various in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters such as drug release, transfection of mRNA/pDNA plasmids, macrophage clearance, and the characterization of novel drug carriers that were manipulated with ultrasound were assessed in multiple collaborative projects.
Altogether, the presented zebrafish model showed to be a reliable in vivo vertebrate model to assess renal function, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles. The application of the presented model will hopefully encourage others to reduce animal experiments in preliminary studies by fostering the use of zebrafish larvae
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