22,190 research outputs found
The isomorphism problem for some universal operator algebras
This paper addresses the isomorphism problem for the universal
(nonself-adjoint) operator algebras generated by a row contraction subject to
homogeneous polynomial relations. We find that two such algebras are
isometrically isomorphic if and only if the defining polynomial relations are
the same up to a unitary change of variables, and that this happens if and only
if the associated subproduct systems are isomorphic. The proof makes use of the
complex analytic structure of the character space, together with some recent
results on subproduct systems. Restricting attention to commutative operator
algebras defined by radical relations yields strong resemblances with classical
algebraic geometry. These commutative operator algebras turn out to be algebras
of analytic functions on algebraic varieties. We prove a projective
Nullstellensatz connecting closed ideals and their zero sets. Under some
technical assumptions, we find that two such algebras are isomorphic as
algebras if and only if they are similar, and we obtain a clear geometrical
picture of when this happens. This result is obtained with tools from algebraic
geometry, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, and some new complex-geometric
rigidity results of independent interest. The C*-envelopes of these algebras
are also determined. The Banach-algebraic and the algebraic classification
results are shown to hold for the weak-operator closures of these algebras as
well.Comment: 46 pages. Final version, to appear in Advances in Mathematic
Optimal devaluations
According to the conventional wisdom, when an economy enters a recession and nominal prices adjust slowly, the monetary authority should devalue the domestic currency to make the recession less severe. The reason is that a devaluation of the currency lowers the relative price of non-tradable goods, and this reduces the necessary adjustment in output relative to the case in which the exchange rate remains constant. This paper uses a simple small open economy model with sticky prices to characterize optimal fiscal and monetary policy in response to productivity and terms of trade shocks. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, in this framework optimal exchange rate policy cannot be characterized just by the cyclical properties of output. The source of the shock matters: while recessions induced by a drop in the price of exportable goods call for a devaluation of the currency, those induced by a drop in productivity in the non-tradable sector require a revaluation.Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,Emerging Markets,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Economic Stabilization
Tur\'an and Ramsey problems for alternating multilinear maps
Guided by the connections between hypergraphs and exterior algebras, we study
Tur\'an and Ramsey type problems for alternating multilinear maps. This study
lies at the intersection of combinatorics, group theory, and algebraic
geometry, and has origins in the works of Lov\'asz (Proc. Sixth British
Combinatorial Conf., 1977), Buhler, Gupta, and Harris (J. Algebra, 1987), and
Feldman and Propp (Adv. Math., 1992).
Our main result is a Ramsey theorem for alternating bilinear maps. Given , , and an alternating bilinear map with , we show that there exists either a dimension-
subspace such that , or a dimension- subspace
such that . This result has natural
group-theoretic (for finite -groups) and geometric (for Grassmannians)
implications, and leads to new Ramsey-type questions for varieties of groups
and Grassmannians.Comment: 20 pages. v3: rewrite introductio
On the Genealogy of Universals: The Metaphysical Origins of Analytic Philosophy
The concepts of particular and universal have grown so familiar that their significance has become difficult to discern, like coins that have been passed back and forth too many times, worn smooth so their values can no longer be read. On the Genealogy of Universals seeks to overcome our sense of over-familiarity with these concepts by providing a case study of their evolution during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, a study that shows how the history of these concepts is bound up with the origins and development of analytic philosophy itself. Understanding how these concepts were taken up, transfigured, and given up by the early analytic philosophers, enables us to recover and reanimate the debate amongst them that otherwise remains Delphic. This book begins from the early, originating texts of analytic philosophy that have hitherto baffled commentators, including Moore's early papers, and engages afresh with the neglected contributions of philosophical figures that historians of analytic philosophy have mostly since forgotten, including Stout and Whitehead. This sheds new light upon the relationships of Moore to Russell, Russell to Wittgenstein, and Wittgenstein to Ramsey
Optimal Monetary Policy with Endogenous Entry and Product Variety
We show that deviations from long-run stability of product prices are optimal in the presence of endogenous producer entry and product variety in a sticky-price model with monopolistic competition in which price stability would be optimal in the absence of entry. Specifically, a long-run positive (negative) rate of inflation is optimal when the benefit of variety to consumers falls short of (exceeds) the market incentives for creating that variety under flexible prices, governed by the desired markup. Plausible preference specifications and parameter values justify a long-run inflation rate of two percent or higher. Price indexation implies even larger deviations from long-run price stability. However, price stability (around this non-zero trend) is close to optimal in the short run, even in the presence of time-varying flexible-price markups that distort the allocation of resources across time and states. The central bank uses its leverage over real activity in the long run, but not in the short run. Our results point to the need for continued empirical research on the determinants of markups and investigation of the benefit of product variety to consumers.
On the isomorphism question for complete Pick multiplier algebras
Every multiplier algebra of an irreducible complete Pick kernel arises as the
restriction algebra \mv = \{f\big|_V : f \in \cM_d\}, where is some
integer or , \cM_d is the multiplier algebra of the Drury-Arveson
space , and is a subvariety of the unit ball. For finite it is
known that, under mild assumptions, every isomorphism between two such algebras
\mv and \mw is induced by a biholomorphism between and . In this
paper we consider the converse, and obtain positive results in two directions.
The first deals with the case where is the proper image of a finite Riemann
surface. The second deals with the case where is a disjoint union of
varieties.Comment: 17 pages. Final version, to appear in Integral Equations and Operator
Theor
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