Emerging Informatics

The book on emerging informatics brings together the new concepts and applications that will help define and outline problem solving methods and features in designing business and human systems. It covers international aspects of information systems design in which many relevant technologies are introduced for the welfare of human and business systems. This initiative can be viewed as an emergent area of informatics that helps better conceptualise and design new world-class solutions. The book provides four flexible sections that accommodate total of fourteen chapters. The section specifies learning contexts in emerging fields. Each chapter presents a clear basis through the problem conception and its applicable technological solutions. I hope this will help further exploration of knowledge in the informatics discipline

Towards the Internet of Smart Trains: A Review on Industrial IoT-Connected Railways

[Abstract] Nowadays, the railway industry is in a position where it is able to exploit the opportunities created by the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) and enabling communication technologies under the paradigm of Internet of Trains. This review details the evolution of communication technologies since the deployment of GSM-R, describing the main alternatives and how railway requirements, specifications and recommendations have evolved over time. The advantages of the latest generation of broadband communication systems (e.g., LTE, 5G, IEEE 802.11ad) and the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for the railway environment are also explained together with the strategic roadmap to ensure a smooth migration from GSM-R. Furthermore, this survey focuses on providing a holistic approach, identifying scenarios and architectures where railways could leverage better commercial IIoT capabilities. After reviewing the main industrial developments, short and medium-term IIoT-enabled services for smart railways are evaluated. Then, it is analyzed the latest research on predictive maintenance, smart infrastructure, advanced monitoring of assets, video surveillance systems, railway operations, Passenger and Freight Information Systems (PIS/FIS), train control systems, safety assurance, signaling systems, cyber security and energy efficiency. Overall, it can be stated that the aim of this article is to provide a detailed examination of the state-of-the-art of different technologies and services that will revolutionize the railway industry and will allow for confronting today challenges.Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431C 2016-045Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED341D R2016/012Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431G/01Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2013-47141-C4-1-RAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2015-69648-REDCAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2016-75067-C4-1-

ANTECEDENTS OF IT DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL DATA GENESIS

Dynamic capabilities represent an important determinant of competitive advantage in turbulent environments. However, despite intense work in the area, the topic of dynamic capability antecedents remains heavily under-researched. Understanding the sources of dynamic capabilities would give organizations the instruments to rationally improve their chance to obtain and sustain competitive advantage. We contribute to the literature on information technology dynamic capabilities focusing on three sources of dynamic capabilities: organizational processes, firm history and firm\u27s assets. We lay the theoretical and methodological groundwork for our explanation and we empirically test the model focusing on an emerging capability we term Digital Data Genesis (DDG) . We define DDG as the dynamic capability of (1) choosing information technology to unobtrusively generate and capture data in digital form, (2) integrating the IT in the appropriate business processes, and (3) managing the digital data so captured. Our results show that the organizational processes of sensing and learning, the historical information dynamic capability, and the historical IT dynamic capability influences the DDG dynamic capability

Industry 4.0 in the context of passenger railway companies

A Indústria 4.0 tem sido um tema de pesquisa crescente e tem chamado a atenção de países desenvolvidos e emergentes que buscam uma posição de destaque neste novo cenário industrial. O setor ferroviário é um segmento relevante para o transporte de pessoas e mercadorias. No entanto, a literatura que une o tema Indústria 4.0 e ferrovias ainda precisa ser explorada. Na prática, há mais estudos partindo de uma determinada tecnologia em evidência. Assim, este trabalho levanta uma questão importante: como os conceitos da Indústria 4.0 podem ser aplicados às empresas ferroviárias de passageiros holisticamente? Utilizamos uma abordagem exploratória e qualitativa para analisar este importante setor, considerando a escassez de estudos com a visão abrangente pretendida. Entrevistamos especialistas de oito operadoras de transporte e de quatro fornecedores de tecnologia do segmento ferroviário brasileiro. Os resultados foram agrupados em um modelo de oportunidades e indicam que as empresas estão se movendo em direção a um centro de inteligência operacional para implementar oferta de trens robusta e eficiente, manutenção prescritiva, gerenciamento robusto da cadeia de suprimentos, melhor experiência dos passageiros e desempenho dos trabalhadores. Desenvolvemos e testamos um modelo de maturidade da Indústria 4.0 para operadoras ferroviárias de passageiros com base em nossas descobertas empíricas e nos principais indicadores de desempenho das empresas brasileiras. Recebemos retorno positivo de que o modelo retrata as preocupações diárias dos profissionais que trabalham para rodar o negócio e que os estágios de maturidade propostos representam um caminho para alavancar as métricas associadas aos objetivos produtivos definidos com ajuda dos indicadores de desempenho do setor. A contribuição prática da pesquisa é auxiliar as empresas ferroviárias de passageiros a planejar a jornada da Indústria 4.0 em seu segmento, tanto na concepção de novas linhas de trens quanto na busca por sistemas em operação mais sustentáveis. O estudo traz uma contribuição acadêmica significativa, pois os modelos com essa visão holística da Quarta Revolução Industrial no transporte ferroviário de passageiros são inéditos.Industry 4.0 has been a growing research topic and has drawn the attention of developed and emerging countries that seek a prominent position in this new industrial scenario. The railway sector is a relevant segment for transporting people and goods. However, the literature joining the theme of Industry 4.0 and railways still needs to be explored. In practice, there are more studies from a determined technology in evidence. Thus, this dissertation raises an important question: How can the Industry 4.0 concepts be applied to passenger railway companies holistically? We used an exploratory and qualitative approach to analyze this important sector, considering the scarcity of studies with the intended embracing vision. We interviewed experts from eight transport operators and four technology providers in the Brazilian railway segment. The results were grouped into an opportunities model, indicating that companies are moving towards an operational intelligence center to implement robust and efficient train offers, prescriptive maintenance, strong supply chain management, and improved passenger experience and worker performance. We developed and tested an Industry 4.0 maturity model for passenger railway companies based on our empirical findings and the Brazilian companies' main Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). We received positive feedback that the model portrays the daily concerns of professionals who work to run the business and that the proposed maturity stages represent a way to leverage the metrics associated with the productive objectives defined with the help of the sector's KPIs. The practical contribution of the research is to help passenger railway companies plan the Industry 4.0 journey in their segment, both in designing new train lines and looking for more sustainable systems in operation. The study delivers a significant academic contribution as the frameworks with this holistic view of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the passenger railway are unprecedented

Real life Applications of Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is the next technological revolution after the revolution of computer and internet. IoT integrates the new technologies of computing and communication (e.g. Sensor networks, RFID, Mobile communication and IPV6 etc). The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. The term Internet of Things generally refers to scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not normally considered computers, allowing these devices to generate exchange and consume data with minimal human intervention. Internet connect “all people”, Internet of Things connect “all things”. Interconnection of Things or Objects or Machines, e.g., sensors, actuators, mobile phones, electronic devices, home appliances, any existing items and interact with each other via Interne

Transport 2040 : analysis of technical developments in transport - maritime, air, rail and road

A number of technical and socio-technical factors are driving the development and adoption of automation. The report, Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment – The Future of Work, provided an overview of the most important trends forecasted to affect the global transport sector by 2040. This current report provides additional details of that assessment. The research conducted is guided by a transport-technology analytical model that provides a structure for a systematic review across different modes of transport. This report reviews, in particular, the transportation technology through the lens of transport vehicles (e.g. ships, trucks, trains, aircraft) and the technical infrastructure that is needed for the operation of the vehicle (e.g. waterways and harbours, roads, railway tracks and freight terminals, as well as controlled airspace and airports).https://commons.wmu.se/lib_reports/1076/thumbnail.jp

Enabling technologies and cyber-physical systems for mission-critical scenarios

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Tecnoloxías da Información e Comunicacións en Redes Móbiles . 5029P01[Abstract] Reliable transport systems, defense, public safety and quality assurance in the Industry 4.0 are essential in a modern society. In a mission-critical scenario, a mission failure would jeopardize human lives and put at risk some other assets whose impairment or loss would significantly harm society or business results. Even small degradations of the communications supporting the mission could have large and possibly dire consequences. On the one hand, mission-critical organizations wish to utilize the most modern, disruptive and innovative communication systems and technologies, and yet, on the other hand, need to comply with strict requirements, which are very different to those of non critical scenarios. The aim of this thesis is to assess the feasibility of applying emerging technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and 4G broadband communications in mission-critical scenarios along three key critical infrastructure sectors: transportation, defense and public safety, and shipbuilding. Regarding the transport sector, this thesis provides an understanding of the progress of communications technologies used for railways since the implantation of Global System for Mobile communications-Railways (GSM-R). The aim of this work is to envision the potential contribution of Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide additional features that GSM-R would never support. Furthermore, the ability of Industrial IoT for revolutionizing the railway industry and confront today's challenges is presented. Moreover, a detailed review of the most common flaws found in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) based IoT systems is presented, including the latest attacks described in the literature. As a result, a novel methodology for auditing security and reverse engineering RFID communications in transport applications is introduced. The second sector selected is driven by new operational needs and the challenges that arise from modern military deployments. The strategic advantages of 4G broadband technologies massively deployed in civil scenarios are examined. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the great potential for applying IoT technologies to revolutionize modern warfare and provide benefits similar to those in industry. It identifies scenarios where defense and public safety could leverage better commercial IoT capabilities to deliver greater survivability to the warfighter or first responders, while reducing costs and increasing operation efficiency and effectiveness. The last part is devoted to the shipbuilding industry. After defining the novel concept of Shipyard 4.0, how a shipyard pipe workshop works and what are the requirements for building a smart pipe system are described in detail. Furthermore, the foundations for enabling an affordable CPS for Shipyards 4.0 are presented. The CPS proposed consists of a network of beacons that continuously collect information about the location of the pipes. Its design allows shipyards to obtain more information on the pipes and to make better use of it. Moreover, it is indicated how to build a positioning system from scratch in an environment as harsh in terms of communications as a shipyard, showing an example of its architecture and implementation.[Resumen] En la sociedad moderna, los sistemas de transporte fiables, la defensa, la seguridad pública y el control de la calidad en la Industria 4.0 son esenciales. En un escenario de misión crítica, el fracaso de una misión pone en peligro vidas humanas y en riesgo otros activos cuyo deterioro o pérdida perjudicaría significativamente a la sociedad o a los resultados de una empresa. Incluso pequeñas degradaciones en las comunicaciones que apoyan la misión podrían tener importantes y posiblemente terribles consecuencias. Por un lado, las organizaciones de misión crítica desean utilizar los sistemas y tecnologías de comunicación más modernos, disruptivos e innovadores y, sin embargo, deben cumplir requisitos estrictos que son muy diferentes a los relativos a escenarios no críticos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es evaluar la viabilidad de aplicar tecnologías emergentes como Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) y comunicaciones de banda ancha 4G en escenarios de misión crítica en tres sectores clave de infraestructura crítica: transporte, defensa y seguridad pública, y construcción naval. Respecto al sector del transporte, esta tesis permite comprender el progreso de las tecnologías de comunicación en el ámbito ferroviario desde la implantación de Global System for Mobile communications-Railway (GSM-R). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribución potencial de Long Term Evolution (LTE) para proporcionar características adicionales que GSM-R nunca podría soportar. Además, se presenta la capacidad de la IoT industrial para revolucionar la industria ferroviaria y afrontar los retos actuales. Asimismo, se estudian con detalle las vulnerabilidades más comunes de los sistemas IoT basados en Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), incluyendo los últimos ataques descritos en la literatura. Como resultado, se presenta una metodología innovadora para realizar auditorías de seguridad e ingeniería inversa de las comunicaciones RFID en aplicaciones de transporte. El segundo sector elegido viene impulsado por las nuevas necesidades operacionales y los desafíos que surgen de los despliegues militares modernos. Para afrontarlos, se analizan las ventajas estratégicas de las tecnologías de banda ancha 4G masivamente desplegadas en escenarios civiles. Asimismo, esta tesis analiza el gran potencial de aplicación de las tecnologías IoT para revolucionar la guerra moderna y proporcionar beneficios similares a los alcanzados por la industria. Se identifican escenarios en los que la defensa y la seguridad pública podrían aprovechar mejor las capacidades comerciales de IoT para ofrecer una mayor capacidad de supervivencia al combatiente o a los servicios de emergencias, a la vez que reduce los costes y aumenta la eficiencia y efectividad de las operaciones. La última parte se dedica a la industria de construcción naval. Después de definir el novedoso concepto de Astillero 4.0, se describe en detalle cómo funciona el taller de tubería de astillero y cuáles son los requisitos para construir un sistema de tuberías inteligentes. Además, se presentan los fundamentos para posibilitar un CPS asequible para Astilleros 4.0. El CPS propuesto consiste en una red de balizas que continuamente recogen información sobre la ubicación de las tuberías. Su diseño permite a los astilleros obtener más información sobre las tuberías y hacer un mejor uso de las mismas. Asimismo, se indica cómo construir un sistema de posicionamiento desde cero en un entorno tan hostil en términos de comunicaciones, mostrando un ejemplo de su arquitectura e implementación

Android Application for Ticket Booking using QR-Code

India?s population increase day by day, mostly common peoples are depends on the railway locals for travelling to their destinations. Due to increase in travelling passengers by local trains, it is time consuming and frustrated process to buy tickets in a standing queue. To encounter this, the railway has introduced the concept of ATVM cards but losing or theft cards proved to be uneconomical. Our project deals with implementation of a smart-phone application to buy a local railway tickets which is simple and easy to use.The customer application consists of Registration and buying ticket through QR-code.Payment can be done through user?s account i.e. if user is agree to buy ticket then the equivalent ?amount? of the ticket will be deducted from the users account. After payment, ticket is generated on server side, saved in the database and also sent back to the user mobile and saved in the application?s memory which serves as a ticket for the user. The ticket checker application is used to validate the ticket by entering the serial number obtained by the user and searching in the railway database to check whether the user?s ticket is valid or invalid