526 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace

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    This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace. Over the past three decades, cyberspace developed into a crucial frontier and issue of international conflict. However, scholarly work on the relationship between AI and conflict in cyberspace has been produced along somewhat rigid disciplinary boundaries and an even more rigid sociotechnical divide – wherein technical and social scholarship are seldomly brought into a conversation. This is the first volume to address these themes through a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary approach. With the intent of exploring the question ‘what is at stake with the use of automation in international conflict in cyberspace through AI?’, the chapters in the volume focus on three broad themes, namely: (1) technical and operational, (2) strategic and geopolitical and (3) normative and legal. These also constitute the three parts in which the chapters of this volume are organised, although these thematic sections should not be considered as an analytical or a disciplinary demarcation

    TempME: Towards the Explainability of Temporal Graph Neural Networks via Motif Discovery

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    Temporal graphs are widely used to model dynamic systems with time-varying interactions. In real-world scenarios, the underlying mechanisms of generating future interactions in dynamic systems are typically governed by a set of recurring substructures within the graph, known as temporal motifs. Despite the success and prevalence of current temporal graph neural networks (TGNN), it remains uncertain which temporal motifs are recognized as the significant indications that trigger a certain prediction from the model, which is a critical challenge for advancing the explainability and trustworthiness of current TGNNs. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach, called Temporal Motifs Explainer (TempME), which uncovers the most pivotal temporal motifs guiding the prediction of TGNNs. Derived from the information bottleneck principle, TempME extracts the most interaction-related motifs while minimizing the amount of contained information to preserve the sparsity and succinctness of the explanation. Events in the explanations generated by TempME are verified to be more spatiotemporally correlated than those of existing approaches, providing more understandable insights. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of TempME, with up to 8.21% increase in terms of explanation accuracy across six real-world datasets and up to 22.96% increase in boosting the prediction Average Precision of current TGNNs.Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 2023, Camera Ready Versio

    INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology 10 (I/2023)

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    Having in mind the foundational idea not only of our Journal but also the INSAM Institute itself, the main theme of this issue is titled “Technological Aspects of Contemporary Artistic and Scientific Research”. This theme was recognized as important, timely, and necessary by a number of authors coming from various disciplines. The (Inter)Views section brings us three diverse pieces; the issue is opened by Aida AdĆŸović’s interview with the legendary Slovene act Laibach regarding their performance of the Wir sing das Volk project at the Sarajevo National Theater on May 9, 2023. Following this, Marija Mitrović prepared an interview with media artist Leon Eckard, concerning this artist’s views on contemporary art and the interaction between technology and human sensitivity. An essay by Alexander Liebermann on the early 20th-century composer Erwin Schulhoff, whose search for a unique personal voice could be encouraging in any given period, closes this rubric. The Main theme section contains seven scientific articles. In the first one, Filipa MagalhĂŁes, InĂȘs Filipe, Mariana Silva and Henrique Carvalho explore the process and details of technological and artistic challenges of reviving the music theater work FE...DE...RI...CO... (1987) by Constança Capdeville. The second article, written by Milan Milojković, is dedicated to the analysis of historical composer Vojislav Vučković and his ChatGPT-generated doppelganger and opera. The fictional narrative woven around the actual historical figure served as an example of the current possibilities of AI in the domain of musicological work. In the next paper, LuĂ­s Arandas, Miguel Carvalhais and Mick Grierson expand on their work on the film Irreplaceable Biography, which was created via language-guided generative models in audiovisual production. Thomas Moore focuses on the Belgium-based Nadar Ensemble and discusses the ways in which the performers of the ensemble understand the concept of the integrated concert and distinguish themselves from it, specifying the broadening of performers’ competencies and responsibilities. In her paper, Dana Papachristou contributes to the discussion on the politics of connectivity based on the examination of three projects: the online project Xenakis Networked Performance Marathon 2022, 2023Eleusis Mystery 91_Magnetic Dance in Elefsina European Capital of Culture, and Spaces of Reflection offline PirateBox network in the 10th Berlin Biennale. The penultimate article in the section is written by Kenrick Ho and presents us with the author’s composition Flou for solo violin through the prism of the relationship between (historically present) algorithmic processes, the composer, and the performer. Finally, Rijad KaniĆŸa adds to the critical discourse on the reshaping of the musical experience via technology and the understanding of said technology using the example of musique concrĂšte. In the final Review section, Bakir MemiĆĄević gives an overview of the 13th International Symposium “Music in Society” that was held in Sarajevo in December 2022

    Machine Learning Algorithm for the Scansion of Old Saxon Poetry

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    Several scholars designed tools to perform the automatic scansion of poetry in many languages, but none of these tools deal with Old Saxon or Old English. This project aims to be a first attempt to create a tool for these languages. We implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to perform the automatic scansion of Old Saxon and Old English poems. Since this model uses supervised learning, we manually annotated the Heliand manuscript, and we used the resulting corpus as labeled dataset to train the model. The evaluation of the performance of the algorithm reached a 97% for the accuracy and a 99% of weighted average for precision, recall and F1 Score. In addition, we tested the model with some verses from the Old Saxon Genesis and some from The Battle of Brunanburh, and we observed that the model predicted almost all Old Saxon metrical patterns correctly misclassified the majority of the Old English input verses

    Photojournalism and the Revolution: Tactical Uses of Visual Media in the Making of the Republic of China (1905-1914)

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    This study shows that photography, despite its use in the colonial conquests of the second half of the nineteenth century, came to empower actors in East Asia and became one of the tactics that allowed them to contest and reverse unequal power structures. At the turn of the twentieth century, Chinese revolutionary movements envisioned photojournalism as one of the tools that would lead to their plan to transform the Chinese nation from a dynastic empire into a republic. A close reading of press photographs issued in the anarchist illustrated journal Le Monde (1907) and the Revolutionary Alliance-affiliated The True Record (1912-1913), edited and published in the Chinese language in the transcultural contexts of Paris and Shanghai, sheds light on the tactical uses of photography as a mean of resistance in the context of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. Furthermore, by focusing on the images and artefacts developed and used by Sinophone actors including politicians Li Shizeng, Wu Hui, Wu Zhihui, and Zhang Jingjiang, and also by the prominent Lingnan artists Gao Jianfu, Gao Qifeng, and Chen Shuren, this dissertation remarks on the relevance of the photographic historian’s choice of sources. If the exclusive consultation of the colonial archive supports and perpetrates the perception of photography as a means of colonial violence, considering different visual archival sources and local uses of the camera uncovers a radically different story

    Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria

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    Mycobacterium avium is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species causing infectious disease. Here, we characterized a M. avium infection model in zebrafish larvae, and compared it to M. marinum infection, a model of tuberculosis. M. avium bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed and frequently induce granuloma-like structures in zebrafish larvae. Although macrophages can respond to both mycobacterial infections, their migration speed is faster in infections caused by M. marinum. Tlr2 is conservatively involved in most aspects of the defense against both mycobacterial infections. However, Tlr2 has a function in the migration speed of macrophages and neutrophils to infection sites with M. marinum that is not observed with M. avium. Using RNAseq analysis, we found a distinct transcriptome response in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for M. avium and M. marinum infection. In addition, we found differences in gene expression in metabolic pathways, phagosome formation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis in response to these mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, we characterized a new M. avium infection model in zebrafish that can be further used in studying pathological mechanisms for NTM-caused diseases

    "A voice cries out in the wilderness”: The religio-political afterlife of ‘scapegoat’ and ‘messiah’ metaphors, from the Hebrew Bible to contemporary Australian political rhetoric

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    Religion intercedes in the emotive underpinnings of politics in Australia far more than we realize. It is argued in colloquial settings that religion is only as relevant to Australian politics as it is to Australian culture which, according to census data, is increasingly irreligious. In contrast, scholars and commentators argue that religion is evident in politics through our colonial history, the ‘religious right’ and so-called ‘dog-whistle’ politics (Maddox 2001; 2005; Hindess 2014b; Lake 2018; Sheridan 2018). However, what is not known is why Judeo-Christian religious motifs and undertones are so persistent in political speechmaking and how they maintain their persuasiveness when Christianity has declined so significantly. Accordingly, this thesis examines the Biblical Hebrew origins and translation of two important Biblical metaphors and their continued use in the so-called ‘Afterlife of the Text’ (Benjamin 1968; Sawyer 1995; Kugel 2007; Sawyer 2018). This ‘afterlife’ includes use in contemporary Australian prime ministerial speeches. Using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980) as an analytical tool, I discuss the origins of the Biblical Hebrew metaphors of ‘scapegoat’ in Leviticus 16 and ‘messiah’ in Isaiah’s ‘Servant Songs’ (Isaiah 42:1–9; 49:1–13; 50:4– 11; 52:13– 53:12). In Leviticus, the conceptual metaphor SCAPEGOAT IS ATONEMENT is evident in the Day of Atonement ritual while in Isaiah’s Servants Songs, the conceptual metaphors of MESSIAH IS GUIDE and MESSIAH IS SACRIFICE are evident. The afterlife of the metaphors evolves beyond their Hebrew Bible origins, including use in Australian prime ministerial speeches from 2000-current. This qualitative analysis focuses on significant prime ministerial speeches: the ‘scapegoat’ in John Howard’s ministerial statement about entering the war in Iraq (Howard 2003) and in Kevin Rudd’s Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples (Rudd 2008), and the ‘messiah’ in Julia Gillard’s so-called ‘misogyny speech’ (Gillard 2012) and in Morrison’s press conference on floods, Parliament House culture and women’s safety (Morrison 2021b). This research shows how these two metaphors are part of the Australian political speechmaking landscape, though far removed from their Ancient Near Eastern origins. If we uncover use of Judeo-Christian metaphors within the political space, we will better be able to understand the use of biblical metaphors in contemporary Australian political speeches.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 202
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