Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques

In this chapter, a variety of procedures proposed in the literature to increase the impedance bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas are presented and discussed. Intrinsic techniques, proximity coupled and aperture-coupled patches, applying horizontally coupled patches to driven patch on a single layer and stacked patches are discussed. Beside the linear polarised solutions, some techniques for designing wideband circular polarised patch antennas are also presented. Furthermore, some other techniques proposed in the literature including log-periodic array of patches, E-shaped patch, L-shaped feeding, microstrip monopole slotted antenna, defected ground/patch technique and the latest works during the recent years are introduced and investigated. It is tried to make a comparison between different methods giving a typical bandwidth that can be obtained using each method, beside discussing about the benefits or limitations that each method has

A Review: Circuit Theory of Microstrip Antennas for Dual-, Multi-, and Ultra-Widebands

In this chapter, a review has been presented on dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband (UWB). This review has been classified according to antenna feeding and loading of antennas using slots and notch and coplanar structure. Thereafter a comparison of dual-band, multiband, and ultra-wideband antenna has been presented. The basic geometry of patch antenna has been present along with its equivalent circuit diagram. It has been observed that patch antenna geometry for ultra-wideband is difficult to achieve with normal structure. Ultra-wideband antennas are achieved with two or more techniques; mostly UWB antennas are achieved from coplaner structures

Design of Square Patch Microstrip Antenna for Circular Polarization Using IE3D Software

Communication between humans was first by sound through voice. With the desire for slightly more distance communication came, devices such as drums, then, visual methods such as signal flags and smoke signals were used. These optical communication devices, of course, utilized the light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has been only very recent in human history that the electromagnetic spectrum, outside the visible region, has been employed for communication, through the use of radio. One of humankind’s greatest natural resources is the electromagnetic spectrum and the antenna has been instrumental in harnessing this resource.The thesis provides a detailed study of how to design and fabricate a probe-fed Square Microstrip Patch Antenna using IE3D software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width

Dual-band beam scanning reflectarrays and novel wideband and polarization diversified planar antennas

The reflectarray antenna has been considered as a suitable candidate to replace the traditional parabolic reflectors because of its high-gain and low-profile features. Beam scanning capability and multi-band operation are the current trends of the reflectarray design. It is desired to implement these functionalities with simple and effective techniques. Narrow bandwidth is the main issue which restricts the applications of the microstrip antennas. New microstrip slot antennas and polarization diversified planar antennas are introduced as the solutions to the issue of narrow bandwidth in this dissertation. A dual-band beam scanning reflectarray has been developed. It is the first offset-fed reflectarray that has been ever practically developed to emulate a cylindrical/parabolic type of reflector. Unlike other beam scanning reflectarrays which integrate phase tuning devices into the reflectarray elements and control the reflection phase, the beam scanning capability of this reflectarray is provided by its feed array. This method significantly reduces the complexity of the design of the beam scanning reflectarray. A new dual-band reflectarray configuration is also developed to eliminate the possible top layer blocking effects in the dual-layer reflectarray configuration. Perforated patches loaded with slots on the ground plane and rectangular patches loaded with slots on the patches are adopted as the low and high frequency bands, respectively. It is guaranteed that no physical contact between any two elements will occur. The bandwidth of the conventional microstrip antenna is small. A new wideband circularly polarized microstrip slot antenna is introduced in this dissertation. Very wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is observed for the proposed antenna. The antennas are assembled in triangularly arranged array with sequential rotation feed technique. Polarization polarity is an alternative solution to the narrow bandwidth. A reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip antenna is proposed. The antenna has both right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations which are controlled by two piezoelectric transducers. In addition, a dual-band dual-linearly-polarized planar array is designed based on the concepts of polarization diversity and multi-band operation. The research presented in this dissertation suggests useful techniques for reflectarrays and novel antenna designs. The results should have many applications for the modern wireless communication and radar systems

Antenna Design for 5G and Beyond

With the rapid evolution of the wireless communications, fifth-generation (5G) communication has received much attention from both academia and industry, with many reported efforts and research outputs and significant improvements in different aspects, such as data rate speed and resolution, mobility, latency, etc. In some countries, the commercialization of 5G communication has already started as well as initial research of beyond technologies such as 6G.MIMO technology with multiple antennas is a promising technology to obtain the requirements of 5G/6G communications. It can significantly enhance the system capacity and resist multipath fading, and has become a hot spot in the field of wireless communications. This technology is a key component and probably the most established to truly reach the promised transfer data rates of future communication systems. In MIMO systems, multiple antennas are deployed at both the transmitter and receiver sides. The greater number of antennas can make the system more resistant to intentional jamming and interference. Massive MIMO with an especially high number of antennas can reduce energy consumption by targeting signals to individual users utilizing beamforming.Apart from sub-6 GHz frequency bands, 5G/6G devices are also expected to cover millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) spectra. However, moving to higher bands will bring new challenges and will certainly require careful consideration of the antenna design for smart devices. Compact antennas arranged as conformal, planar, and linear arrays can be employed at different portions of base stations and user equipment to form phased arrays with high gain and directional radiation beams. The objective of this Special Issue is to cover all aspects of antenna designs used in existing or future wireless communication systems. The aim is to highlight recent advances, current trends, and possible future developments of 5G/6G antennas

Wideband and UWB antennas for wireless applications. A comprehensive review

A comprehensive review concerning the geometry, the manufacturing technologies, the materials, and the numerical techniques, adopted for the analysis and design of wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) antennas for wireless applications, is presented. Planar, printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on laminate (rigid and flexible), and textile dielectric substrates are taken into account. The performances of small, low-profile, and dielectric resonator antennas are illustrated paying particular attention to the application areas concerning portable devices (mobile phones, tablets, glasses, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) and radio base stations. This information provides a guidance to the selection of the different antenna geometries in terms of bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain response, dimensions, and materials useful for their realization and integration in modern communication systems

Multiband Antennas Design Techniques for 5G Networks: Present and Future Research Directions

With the development of wireless communication system has demanded compact wireless devices that allow more space to integrate the other electronics components. Advancement in technology creates challenges in implementing antenna for multiple RF band with a wide range of frequencies. With the advancement of optimization technique we can improve the antenna design as well as provide us the motivation of analyzing the existing studies in order to categorize and synthesize them in a meaningful manner. The objective of this paper contributes in two ways. First, it provides the research and development trends and novel approaches in design of multiband MIMO, smart reconfigurable and defected ground structure (DGS) antenna techniques for wireless system. Secondly, it highlights unique design issue reported in literature. The proposed paper aim is filling the gap in the literature and providing the researcher a useful reference

Design Guidelines, Scan Behavior and Characteristic Mode Analysis for a Class of Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Patch Antennas

Title from PDF of title page, viewed on February 28, 2017VitaDissertation advisor: Deb ChatterjeeIncludes bibliographical references (pages 107-118)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2016Ultra-wideband (UWB), low-profile microstrip patch antennas and phased arrays have their niche in many wireless communication and medical applications. In recent years, the U-slot patch antenna established itself as a versatile antenna that can be fine-tuned for ultra-wideband operations. The L-shaped probe feeding method has additionally led to improved impedance bandwidth for the U-slot patch antenna. The L-probe’s simple structure together with its low production cost makes it an attractive feeding method for the U-slot microstrip patch antenna. In phased arrays, scan blindness due to surface wave excitations can reduce the scan bandwidth range. By reducing the mutual coupling between array elements, the scan blindness effects will be reduced. Also, by reducing the sidelobe levels and minimizing the effect of grating lobes in phased arrays, the array’s scan performance and power efficiency can be improved. In this dissertation, (1) a parametric study is performed on εr = 2.2 and 4.5 substrates for the design of ideal L-probe feed dimensions with optimum impedance bandwidth. Results show that first-pass optimum impedance bandwidth of over 50% is achieved using the ideal L-probe feed dimensions. (2) The mutual coupling between a 2-element UWB microstrip array using different patch orientations and U-slot topologies is examined for εr = 2.2 and 4.5 substrates to reduce the effect of scan blindness. Results, for εr = 2.2 substrate, indicate that a diamond patch orientation with opposite U-slot topology presents the least coupling between the array elements. For εr = 4.5 substrate, the E-plane patch orientation with parallel U-slot topology has the least coupling. (3) The scan behavior of 5x5 planar phased arrays using different patch orientations and U-slot topologies is examined for εr = 2.2 substrate. Results indicate that blind spots are less prevalent in the diamond patch orientation and more prevalent in the E-plane patch orientation which has the most coupling between the array elements. (4) The array patterns of a 17-element L-probe-fed U-slot microstrip linear phased array are examined at different combinations of uniform and nonuniform excitation and inter-element spacing. Results indicate that using nonuniform excitation and inter-element spacing can reduce the sidelobe levels by over -10dB as the array is scanned 60° away from broadside. (5) Lastly, the Theory of Characteristic Modes (TCM) is used to characterize the resonant behavior of different microstrip patch shapes, substrates and excitation feeds to realize a microstrip patch antenna design with optimum broadband behavior. Results indicate that a single-layer U-slot rectangular patch on εr = 4.4 substrate presents a highly radiating structure. Further modal analysis of this single-layer structure with a single T-probe feed shows that VSWR ≤ 2 impedance bandwidth in the order of 96% can be achieved. Experimental results show VSWR ≤ 2 impedance bandwidth in the order of 71%.Introduction -- UWB microstrip patch antenna feed design guidelines -- Mutual coupling characterization of UWB u-slot antenna array -- Scan behavior of microstrip phased array antennas -- UWB enhancement of mocrostrip patch antenna using the theory characteristic modes -- Conclusion and future work -- Appendix A. MATLAB cod

Fractal Antenna Applications

Non