1,609 research outputs found
Cross-language Information Retrieval
Two key assumptions shape the usual view of ranked retrieval: (1) that the
searcher can choose words for their query that might appear in the documents
that they wish to see, and (2) that ranking retrieved documents will suffice
because the searcher will be able to recognize those which they wished to find.
When the documents to be searched are in a language not known by the searcher,
neither assumption is true. In such cases, Cross-Language Information Retrieval
(CLIR) is needed. This chapter reviews the state of the art for CLIR and
outlines some open research questions.Comment: 49 pages, 0 figure
Text messaging and retrieval techniques for a mobile health information system
Mobile phones have been identified as one of the technologies that can be used to overcome the challenges of information dissemination regarding serious diseases. Short message services, a much used function of cell phones, for example, can be turned into a major tool for accessing databases. This paper focuses on the design and development of a short message services-based information access algorithm to carefully screen information on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome within the context of a frequently asked questions system. However, automating the short message services-based information search and retrieval poses significant challenges because of the inherent noise in its communications. The developed algorithm was used to retrieve the best-ranked question–answer pair. Results were evaluated using three metrics: average precision, recall and computational time. The retrieval efficacy was measured and it was confirmed that there was a significant improvement in the results of the proposed algorithm when compared with similar retrieval algorithms
A decade of changes in nitrogen oxides over regions of oil and natural gas activity in the United States
Nitrogen oxides (NOx
= NO2 + NO) are a highly regulated species that play a major role in the formation
of photochemical smog. While NOx
emissions are generally decreasing over the U.S. as a result of more
stringent environmental policies and improved emissions control technologies, the shale oil and natural gas
industry is reversing this rate of changes in certain regions. We present here a quantitative analysis of
NOx
levels over the seven main U.S. shale plays (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Permian, Niobrara-Codell, MarcellusUtica,
Haynesville, and Barnett) between 2005 and 2015 using measurements of tropospheric NO2 from
the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the NASA EOS-Aura aircraft. We develop and apply a
methodology that seeks to maximise pollutant signals from oil and gas activities. For reference, we also
examine the national trend averaged over the lower 48 states. Consistent with previous studies, we
find NOx
across the U.S. is generally declining. During the low-production phase of oil and natural gas
production (2005–2009), we find declining trends in tropospheric NOx
that are similar to the national trend
(–4.6% yr–1) in 6 of the 7 study regions (–8 to –2% yr–1). In the high-production phase (2010–15), we find
an increasing NOx
trend in 5 of the 7 study basins (0.4 to 4.5% yr–1) while the national trend continued
to decline (–0.3% yr–1). Over the most intensive oil-producing shale plays (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Permian
and Niobrara-Codell), we observe a rapid growth (1–4.5% yr–1), which correlates well (r
2 = 0.6–0.9) with
their annual oil production rates and/or drilling rigs. In contrast, trends across the mainly gas-producing
regions (Haynesville, Barnett, and Marcellus-Utica) show decreases (–0.4 to –1.7% yr–1) similar to the
national trend, with the exception of the Marcellus-Utica where a slight increase (0.4 ± 0.2% yr–1) may be
an indication of a small regional increase. Our study shows the important decadal effect that shale oil
and natural gas operations has had on the tropospheric NO2 levels, and the potential consequences for
regional air quality
Sentiment Analysis for Fake News Detection
[Abstract] In recent years, we have witnessed a rise in fake news, i.e., provably false pieces of information created with the intention of deception. The dissemination of this type of news poses a serious threat to cohesion and social well-being, since it fosters political polarization and the distrust of people with respect to their leaders. The huge amount of news that is disseminated through social media makes manual verification unfeasible, which has promoted the design and implementation of automatic systems for fake news detection. The creators of fake news use various stylistic tricks to promote the success of their creations, with one of them being to excite the sentiments of the recipients. This has led to sentiment analysis, the part of text analytics in charge of determining the polarity and strength of sentiments expressed in a text, to be used in fake news detection approaches, either as a basis of the system or as a complementary element. In this article, we study the different
uses of sentiment analysis in the detection of fake news, with a discussion of the most relevant elements and shortcomings, and the requirements that should be met in the near future, such as multilingualism, explainability, mitigation of biases, or treatment of multimedia elements.Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/11This work has been funded by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, InnovaciĂłn y Universidades — Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn through the ANSWERASAP project (TIN2017-85160-C2-1-R); and by Xunta de Galicia through a Competitive Reference Group grant (ED431C 2020/11). CITIC, as Research Center of the Galician University System, is funded by the ConsellerĂa de EducaciĂłn, Universidade e FormaciĂłn Profesional of the Xunta de Galicia through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) with 80%, the Galicia ERDF 2014-20 Operational Programme, and the remaining 20% from the SecretarĂa Xeral de Universidades (ref. ED431G 2019/01). David Vilares is also supported by a 2020 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators from the BBVA Foundation. Carlos GĂłmez-RodrĂguez has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC), under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (FASTPARSE, grant No. 714150
CURATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH LIBRARIES
Libraries, museums and archives hold valuable collections in a variety of media, presenting a vast
body of knowledge rooted in the history of human civilisation. These form the repository of the
wisdom of great works by thinkers of past and the present. The holdings of these institutions are
priceless heritage of the mankind as they preserve documents, ideas, and the oral and written
records. To value the cultural heritage and to care for it as a treasure bequeathed to us by our
ancestors is the major responsibility of libraries. The past records constitute a natural resource
and are indispensable to the present generation as well as to the generations to come. Libraries
preserve the documentary heritage resources for which they are primarily responsible. Any loss of
such materials is simply irreplaceable. Therefore, preserving this intellectual, cultural heritage
becomes not only the academic commitment but also the moral responsibility of the
librarians/information scientists, who are in charge of these repositories.
The high quality of the papers and the discussion represent the thinking and experience of experts
in their particular fields. The contributed papers also relate to the methodology used in libraries
in Asia to provide access to manuscripts and cultural heritage. The volume discusses best practices
in Knowledge preservation and how to collaborate and preserve the culture. The book also deals with
manuscript and archives issues in the digital era.
The approach of this book is concise, comprehensively, covering all major aspects of preservation
and conservation through libraries. The readership of the book is not just limited to library and
information science professionals, but also for those involved in conservation, preservation,
restoration or other related disciplines. The book will be useful for librarians, archivists and
conservators.
We thank the Sunan Kalijaga University, Special Libraries Association- Asian Chapter for their
trust and their constant support, all the contributors for their submissions, the members of the Local
and International Committee for their reviewing effort for making this publication possible
The Nature of attachment:An Australian experience
Throughout the world, protected area management regimes typically separate cultural and natural heritage in legislation, policy, administrative structures, disciplinary expertise, and on-ground practice. Within settler colonial nations, including Australia, cultural heritage is itself habitually separated into indigenous heritage and 'historic' (or non-indigenous) heritage. A consequence of these multiple binaries and disconnected regimes is that they work across rather than with one another. In this chapter, I use the frame of place-attachment to consider issues arising from the separation of natural and cultural heritage in the management of protected areas. The case examples are homestead gardens within protected areas, and my concern is for the recognition of Anglo-Australian place-attachment to domestic gardens.</p
2015 First Annual US-India Think Tank Summit
Since 2013, the Think Tank and Civil Societies Program of the University of Pennsylvania (TTCSP) has been organizing a series of regional and global “Think Tank Summits”, bringing together professionals of top-ranked think tanks to connect as a trade association for networking, reflection and discussions on the pressing issues of the day. Over nine summits have been held so far, including regional convocations for Asia, Africa, Europe, Middle East, Latin America and North America, the G20 countries. The First Annual US India Think Tank Summit brought together over seventy think tanks from India and the United States of America to discuss how best to create a sustainable future for Indian think tanks
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