24 research outputs found
Adaptive probabilistic shaped modulation for high-capacity free-space optical links
Infrared free-space optics (FSO) provide an attractive solution for ultra-high-capacity wireless communications. However, the full potential of FSO is still being hindered by the apparent random fluctuations on the received optical power, which can be triggered by external factors such as atmospheric turbulence, weather instability, and pointing errors. Through the analysis of long-term experimental measurements, we identify the existence of significant time-domain memory in outdoor FSO links, which is found to be particularly strong under rainy weather conditions. Following this observation, we demonstrate that these memory effects can be effectively utilized to design accurate FSO channel estimation algorithms. Taking advantage of the arbitrary bit-rate granularity provided by probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), and resorting to a simple moving average channel estimator, we demonstrate 400G+ transmission over a seamless fiber-FSO 55-m link with enhanced resilience towards adverse weather conditions. Comparing with unsupervised fixed modulation, we demonstrate a significant increase in average bit-rate (>35 Gbps) after continuous measurement over 3 hours, including raining periods
Automatic Modulation Classification of Common Communication and Pulse Compression Radar Waveforms using Cyclic Features
This research develops a feature-based MAP classification system and applies it to classify several common pulse compression radar and communication modulations. All signal parameters are treated as unknown to the classifier system except SNR and the signal carrier frequency. The features are derived from estimated duty cycle, cyclic spectral correlation, and cyclic cumulants. The modulations considered in this research are BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 8-PSK, and 16-PSK communication modulations, as well as Barker coded, Barker coded, Barker coded, Frank coded, Px49 coded, and LFM pulse compression modulations. Simulations show that average correct signal modulation type classification %C 90% is achieved for SNR 9dB, average signal modulation family classification %C 90% is achieved for SNR 1dB, and an average communication versus pulse compression radar modulation classification %C 90% is achieved for SNR -4dB. Also, it is shown that the classification cation performance using selected input features is sensitive to signal bandwidth but not to carrier frequency. Mismatched bandwidth between training and testing signals caused degraded classification cation of %C 10% - 14% over the simulated SNR range
Enhanced Multicarrier Techniques for Professional Ad-Hoc and Cell-Based Communications (EMPhAtiC) Document Number D3.3 Reduction of PAPR and non linearities effects
Livrable d'un projet Européen EMPHATICLike other multicarrier modulation techniques, FBMC suffers from high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), impacting its performance in the presence of a nonlinear high power amplifier (HPA) in two ways. The first impact is an in-band distortion affecting the error rate performance of the link. The second impact is an out-of-band effect appearing as power spectral density (PSD) regrowth, making the coexistence between FBMC based broad-band Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) systems with existing narrowband systems difficult to achieve. This report addresses first the theoretical analysis of in-band HPA distortions in terms of Bit Error Rate. Also, the out-of band impact of HPA nonlinearities is studied in terms of PSD regrowth prediction. Furthermore, the problem of PAPR reduction is addressed along with some HPA linearization techniques and nonlinearity compensation approaches
Huffman-Coded Sphere Shaping for Extended Reach Single-Span Links
Huffman-coded sphere shaping (HCSS) is an algorithm for finite-length probabilistic constellation shaping, which provides nearly optimal energy efficiency at low implementation complexity. In this paper, we experimentally study the nonlinear performance of HCSS employing dual-polarization 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-64QAM) in an extended-reach single-span link comprising 200 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). We investigate the effects of shaping sequence length, dimensionality of symbol mapping, and shaping rate. We determine that the naïve approach of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution matching-which is optimal in the additive white Gaussian noise channel-provides a maximum achievable information rate (AIR) gain of 0.18 bits/4D-symbol with respect to uniform signaling at optimum launch power in the infinite length regime. Conversely, HCSS can achieve a gain of 0.37 bits/4D-symbol over uniform signaling using amplitude sequence length of 32, which may be implemented without multiplications, using integer comparison and addition operations only. Coded system performance, with a net data rate of approximately 425 Gb/s for both shaped and uniform inputs, is also analyzed
Transmissores-recetores de baixa complexidade para redes óticas
Traditional coherent (COH) transceivers allow encoding of information in
both quadratures and the two orthogonal polarizations of the electric field.
Nevertheless, such transceivers used today are based on the intradyne
scheme, which requires two 90o optical hybrids and four pairs of balanced
photodetectors for dual-polarization transmission systems, making its overall
cost unattractive for short-reach applications. Therefore, SSB methods
with DD reception, commonly referred to as self-coherent (SCOH)
transceivers, can be employed as a cost-effective alternative to the traditional
COH transceivers. Nevertheless, the performance of SSB systems
is severely degraded. This work provides a novel SCOH transceiver architecture
with improved performance for short-reach applications. In particular,
the development of phase reconstruction digital signal processing (DSP)
techniques, the development of other DSP subsystems that relax the hardware
requirement, and their performance optimization are the main highlights
of this research.
The fundamental principle of the proposed transceiver is based on the reception
of the signal that satisfies the minimum phase condition upon DD.
To reconstruct the missing phase information imposed by DD, a novel DCValue
method exploring the SSB and the DC-Value properties of the minimum
phase signal is developed in this Ph.D. study. The DC-Value method
facilitates the phase reconstruction process at the Nyquist sampling rate
and requires a low intensity pilot signal. Also, the experimental validation
of the DC-Value method was successfully carried out for short-reach optical
networks. Additionally, an extensive study was performed on the DC-Value
method to optimize the system performance. In the optimization process,
it was found that the estimation of the CCF is an important parameter to
exploit all advantages of the DC-Value method. A novel CCF estimation
technique was proposed. Further, the performance of the DC-Value method
is optimized employing the rate-adaptive probabilistic constellation shaping.Os sistemas de transcetores coerentes tradicionais permitem a codificação
de informação em ambas quadraturas e em duas polarizações ortogonais
do campo elétrico. Contudo, estes transcetores utilizados atualmente são
baseados num esquema intradino, que requer dois híbridos óticos de 90o
e quatro pares de foto detetores para sistemas de transmissão com polarização dupla, fazendo com que o custo destes sistemas seja pouco atrativo
para aplicações de curto alcance. Por isso, métodos de banda lateral única com deteção direta, também referidos como transcetores coerentes simplificados,
podem ser implementados como uma alternativa de baixo custo
aos sistemas coerentes tradicionais. Contudo, o desempenho de sistemas
de banda lateral única tradicionais é gravemente degradado pelo batimento
sinal-sinal. Nesta tese foi desenvolvida uma nova arquitetura de transcetor
coerente simplificada com um melhor desempenho para aplicações de curto
alcance. Em particular, o desenvolvimento de técnicas de processamento
digital de sinal para a reconstrução de fase, bem como de outros subsistemas
de processamento digital de sinal que minimizem os requerimentos
de hardware e a sua otimização de desempenho são o foco principal desta
tese.
O princípio fundamental do transcetor proposto é baseado na receção de
um sinal que satisfaz a condição mínima de fase na deteção direta. Para
reconstruir a informação de fase em falta causada pela deteção direta,
um novo método de valor DC que explora sinais de banda lateral única
e as propriedades DC da condição de fase mínima é desenvolvido nesta
tese. O método de valor DC facilita a reconstrução da fase à frequência
de amostragem de Nyquist e requer um sinal piloto de baixa intensidade.
Além disso, a validação experimental do método de valor DC foi executada
com sucesso em ligações óticas de curto alcance. Adicionalmente,
foi realizado um estudo intensivo do método de valor DC para otimizar o
desempenho do sistema. Neste processo de otimização, verificou-se que o
fator de contribuição da portadora é um parâmetro importante para explorar
todas as vantagens do método de valor DC. Neste contexto, é proposto
um novo método para a sua estimativa. Por último, o desempenho do
método de valor DC é otimizado recorrendo a mapeamento probabilístico
de constelação com taxa adaptativa.Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Eletrotécnic
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Adaptive Coded Modulation Classification and Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Systems. Adaptive Coded Modulation Techniques for Cognitive Radio Using Kalman Filter and Interacting Multiple Model Methods
The current and future trends of modern wireless communication systems place heavy demands on fast data transmissions in order to satisfy end users’ requirements anytime, anywhere. Such demands are obvious in recent applications such as smart phones, long term evolution (LTE), 4 & 5 Generations (4G & 5G), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) platforms, where robust coding and modulations are essential especially in streaming on-line video material, social media and gaming. This eventually resulted in extreme exhaustion imposed on the frequency spectrum as a rare natural resource due to stagnation in current spectrum management policies. Since its advent in the late 1990s, cognitive radio (CR) has been conceived as an enabling technology aiming at the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum that can lead to potential direct spectrum access (DSA) management. This is mainly attributed to its internal capabilities inherited from the concept of software defined radio (SDR) to sniff its surroundings, learn and adapt its operational parameters accordingly. CR systems (CRs) may commonly comprise one or all of the following core engines that characterise their architectures; namely, adaptive coded modulation (ACM), automatic modulation classification (AMC) and spectrum sensing (SS).
Motivated by the above challenges, this programme of research is primarily aimed at the design and development of new paradigms to help improve the adaptability of CRs and thereby achieve the desirable signal processing tasks at the physical layer of the above core engines. Approximate modelling of Rayleigh and finite state Markov channels (FSMC) with a new concept borrowed from econometric studies have been approached. Then insightful channel estimation by using Kalman filter (KF) augmented with interacting multiple model (IMM) has been examined for the purpose of robust adaptability, which is applied for the first time in wireless communication systems. Such new IMM-KF combination has been facilitated in the feedback channel between wireless transmitter and receiver to adjust the transmitted power, by using a water-filling (WF) technique, and constellation pattern and rate in the ACM algorithm. The AMC has also benefited from such IMM-KF integration to boost the performance against conventional parametric estimation methods such as maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for channel interrogation and the estimated parameters of both inserted into the ML classification algorithm. Expectation-maximisation (EM) has been applied to examine unknown transmitted modulation sequences and channel parameters in tandem. Finally, the non-parametric multitaper method (MTM) has been thoroughly examined for spectrum estimation (SE) and SS, by relying on Neyman-Pearson (NP) detection principle for hypothesis test, to allow licensed primary users (PUs) to coexist with opportunistic unlicensed secondary users (SUs) in the same frequency bands of interest without harmful effects. The performance of the above newly suggested paradigms have been simulated and assessed under various transmission settings and revealed substantial improvements
Digital signal processing techniques for peak-to-average power ratio mitigation in MIMO–OFDM systems
The focus of this thesis is to mitigate the very large peak-to-average
transmit power ratios (PAPRs) inherent to conventional orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, particularly in the
context of transmission over multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless
broadband channels. This problem is important as a large PAPR
generally needs an expensive radio frequency (RF) power amplifier at
the transmitter due to the requirement for linear operation over a wide
amplitude range and such a cost would be compounded when multiple
transmit antennas are used. Advanced signal processing techniques
which can reduce PAPR whilst retain the integrity of digital transmission
therefore have considerable potential for application in emergent
MIMO–OFDM wireless systems and form the technical contributions
of this study. [Continues.
Advanced digital signal processing for next-generation flexible optical networks
To keep pace with the rapid expansion in data-exchange traffic around the world, optical
networks are anticipated to provide flexibility to maximize utilization of the deployed optical
fiber resources. On the other hand, digital signal processing (DSP) has been employed in
coherent optical systems to enable 100G and beyond optical fiber networks. The goal of
the thesis is to develop advanced DSP techniques for the flexible optical networks.
With the reconfigured modulation formats in the systems, modulation classification
(MC) is essential in the DSP to facilitate the sequential compensation modules which are
modulation format-dependent. Based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of
received signal's amplitude, an MC algorithm for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation
(M-QAM) formats with M = 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 is proposed. Results show that the proposed
algorithm achieves accurate classification at optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of
interest and is robust to frequency offset and laser phase noise. Relying on the CDF of
received signal's amplitude, a non-data-aided (NDA) OSNR estimation algorithm is developed
for coherent optical systems employing multilevel constellations. It outperforms the
state-of-the-art NDA algorithm in terms of performance and complexity. Furthermore, a
joint OSNR estimation and MC algorithm enabled by support vector machine is designed.
Compared to deep neural network-based joint estimation approach, the proposed algorithm
achieves better performance with comparable complexity.
In addition, a low-complexity two-stage carrier phase estimation algorithm is proposed
for coherent optical systems with 16-QAM format. The proposed algorithm exploits the
second power operation instead of the conventional fourth power to remove the modulation
phase, which is enabled by constellation partition and rotation. Optical back-to-back
experiments and numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the
algorithm. Results show that, compared with the conventional fourth power-based CPE algorithm, the proposed algorithm provides comparable tolerance to the carrier phase noise,
with reduced complexity.
Lastly, a novel transmission scheme is investigated for the open and disaggregated metro
coherent optical networks, which impose the requirements for multiple user connectivities
on the limited orthogonal frequency resources. Thus, it is desirable to provide connections
simultaneously to various users in a non-orthogonal way. A transmission scheme based
on the non-orthogonal sparse code multiple access in a digital subcarrier multiplexing is
proposed. Compared to power domain-based counterpart, the proposed scheme supports
more than 2 users without user pairing and clustering. The feasibility of the proposed
scheme is verified through numerical simulations. Three scenarios with 2, 4, and 6 users
over 1, 2, and 4 subcarriers, respectively, are considered. Performance evaluations show
that in all scenarios, the proposed scheme attains bit error ratio lower than the forward
error correction limits with the transmission ranges of interest in metro applications