42,230 research outputs found
Do peaked solitary water waves indeed exist?
Many models of shallow water waves admit peaked solitary waves. However, it
is an open question whether or not the widely accepted peaked solitary waves
can be derived from the fully nonlinear wave equations. In this paper, a
unified wave model (UWM) based on the symmetry and the fully nonlinear wave
equations is put forward for progressive waves with permanent form in finite
water depth. Different from traditional wave models, the flows described by the
UWM are not necessarily irrotational at crest, so that it is more general. The
unified wave model admits not only the traditional progressive waves with
smooth crest, but also a new kind of solitary waves with peaked crest that
include the famous peaked solitary waves given by the Camassa-Holm equation.
Besides, it is proved that Kelvin's theorem still holds everywhere for the
newly found peaked solitary waves. Thus, the UWM unifies, for the first time,
both of the traditional smooth waves and the peaked solitary waves. In other
words, the peaked solitary waves are consistent with the traditional smooth
ones. So, in the frame of inviscid fluid, the peaked solitary waves are as
acceptable and reasonable as the traditional smooth ones. It is found that the
peaked solitary waves have some unusual and unique characteristics. First of
all, they have a peaked crest with a discontinuous vertical velocity at crest.
Especially, the phase speed of the peaked solitary waves has nothing to do with
wave height. In addition, the kinetic energy of the peaked solitary waves
either increases or almost keeps the same from free surface to bottom. All of
these unusual properties show the novelty of the peaked solitary waves,
although it is still an open question whether or not they are reasonable in
physics if the viscosity of fluid and surface tension are considered.Comment: 53 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. Accepted by Communications in
Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulatio
Falling liquid films with blowing and suction
Flow of a thin viscous film down a flat inclined plane becomes unstable to
long wave interfacial fluctuations when the Reynolds number based on the mean
film thickness becomes larger than a critical value (this value decreases as
the angle of inclination with the horizontal increases, and in particular
becomes zero when the plate is vertical). Control of these interfacial
instabilities is relevant to a wide range of industrial applications including
coating processes and heat or mass transfer systems. This study considers the
effect of blowing and suction through the substrate in order to construct from
first principles physically realistic models that can be used for detailed
passive and active control studies of direct relevance to possible experiments.
Two different long-wave, thin-film equations are derived to describe this
system; these include the imposed blowing/suction as well as inertia, surface
tension, gravity and viscosity. The case of spatially periodic blowing and
suction is considered in detail and the bifurcation structure of forced steady
states is explored numerically to predict that steady states cease to exist for
sufficiently large suction speeds since the film locally thins to zero
thickness giving way to dry patches on the substrate. The linear stability of
the resulting nonuniform steady states is investigated for perturbations of
arbitrary wavelengths, and any instabilities are followed into the fully
nonlinear regime using time-dependent computations. The case of small amplitude
blowing/suction is studied analytically both for steady states and their
stability. Finally, the transition between travelling waves and non-uniform
steady states is explored as the suction amplitude increases
Nonlinear optical effects in artificial materials
We consider some nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials with negative
refractive index properties. Our consideration includes a survey of previously
known results as well as identification of the phenomena that are important for
applications of this new field. We focus on optical behavior of thin films as
well as multi-wave interactions.Comment: 22 pages, no figures. Submitted in book "Nonlinear waves in complex
systems: energy flow and geometry
Negative refraction in nonlinear wave systems
People have been familiar with the phenomenon of wave refraction for several
centuries. Recently, a novel type of refraction, i.e., negative refraction,
where both incident and refractory lines locate on the same side of the normal
line, has been predicted and realized in the context of linear optics in the
presence of both right- and left-handed materials. In this work, we reveal, by
theoretical prediction and numerical verification, negative refraction in
nonlinear oscillatory systems. We demonstrate that unlike what happens in
linear optics, negative refraction of nonlinear waves does not depend on the
presence of the special left-handed material, but depends on suitable physical
condition. Namely, this phenomenon can be observed in wide range of oscillatory
media under the Hopf bifurcation condition. The complex Ginzburg-Landau
equation and a chemical reaction-diffusion model are used to demonstrate the
feasibility of this nonlinear negative refraction behavior in practice
An intrusion layer in stationary incompressible fluids Part 2: A solitary wave
The propagation of a solitary wave in a horizontal fluid layer is studied. There is an interfacial free surface above and below this intrusion layer, which is moving at constant speed through a stationary density-stratified fluid system. A weakly nonlinear asymptotic theory is presented, leading to a Korteweg-de Vries equation in which the two fluid interfaces move oppositely. The intrusion layer solitary wave system thus forms a widening bulge that propagates without change of form. These results are confirmed and extended by a fully nonlinear solution, in which a boundary-integral formulation is used to solve the problem numerically. Limiting profiles are approached, for which a corner forms at the crest of the solitary wave, on one or both of the interfaces
On selection criteria for problems with moving inhomogeneities
We study mechanical problems with multiple solutions and introduce a
thermodynamic framework to formulate two different selection criteria in terms
of macroscopic energy productions and fluxes. Studying simple examples for
lattice motion we then compare the implications for both resting and moving
inhomogeneities.Comment: revised version contains new introduction, numerical simulations of
Riemann problems, and a more detailed discussion of the causality principle;
18 pages, several figure
Nonlinear surface plasmons
We derive an asymptotic equation for quasi-static, nonlinear surface plasmons
propagating on a planar interface between isotropic media. The plasmons are
nondispersive with a constant linearized frequency that is independent of their
wavenumber. The spatial profile of a weakly nonlinear plasmon satisfies a
nonlocal, cubically nonlinear evolution equation that couples its left-moving
and right-moving Fourier components. We prove short-time existence of smooth
solutions of the asymptotic equation and describe its Hamiltonian structure. We
also prove global existence of weak solutions of a unidirectional reduction of
the asymptotic equation. Numerical solutions show that nonlinear effects can
lead to the strong spatial focusing of plasmons. Solutions of the
unidirectional equation appear to remain smooth when they focus, but it is
unclear whether or not focusing can lead to singularity formation in solutions
of the bidirectional equation
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