Fuzzy ART: Fast Stable Learning and Categorization of Analog Patterns by an Adaptive Resonance System

A Fuzzy ART model capable of rapid stable learning of recognition categories in response to arbitrary sequences of analog or binary input patterns is described. Fuzzy ART incorporates computations from fuzzy set theory into the ART 1 neural network, which learns to categorize only binary input patterns. The generalization to learning both analog and binary input patterns is achieved by replacing appearances of the intersection operator (n) in AHT 1 by the MIN operator (Λ) of fuzzy set theory. The MIN operator reduces to the intersection operator in the binary case. Category proliferation is prevented by normalizing input vectors at a preprocessing stage. A normalization procedure called complement coding leads to a symmetric theory in which the MIN operator (Λ) and the MAX operator (v) of fuzzy set theory play complementary roles. Complement coding uses on-cells and off-cells to represent the input pattern, and preserves individual feature amplitudes while normalizing the total on-cell/off-cell vector. Learning is stable because all adaptive weights can only decrease in time. Decreasing weights correspond to increasing sizes of category "boxes". Smaller vigilance values lead to larger category boxes. Learning stops when the input space is covered by boxes. With fast learning and a finite input set of arbitrary size and composition, learning stabilizes after just one presentation of each input pattern. A fast-commit slow-recode option combines fast learning with a forgetting rule that buffers system memory against noise. Using this option, rare events can be rapidly learned, yet previously learned memories are not rapidly erased in response to statistically unreliable input fluctuations.British Petroleum (89-A-1204); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (90-0083); National Science Foundation (IRI-90-00530); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (90-0175

Gravitational and Relativistic Deflection of X-Ray Superradiance

Exploring Einstein's theories of relativity in quantum systems, for example by using atomic clocks at high speeds can deepen our knowledge in physics. However, many challenges still remain on finding novel methods for detecting effects of gravity and of special relativity and their roles in light-matter interaction. Here we introduce a scheme of x-ray quantum optics that allows for a millimeter scale investigation of the relativistic redshift by directly probing a fixed nuclear crystal in Earth's gravitational field with x-rays. Alternatively, a compact rotating crystal can be used to force interacting x-rays to experience inhomogeneous clock tick rates in a crystal. We find that an association of gravitational or special-relativistic time dilation with quantum interference will be manifested by deflections of x-ray photons. Our protocol suggests a new and feasible tabletop solution for probing effects of gravity and special relativity in the quantum world.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table and Supplemental Material

Extracting Data-Level Parallelism in High-Level Synthesis for Reconfigurable Architectures

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools are a set of algorithms that allow programmers to obtain implementable Hardware Description Language (HDL) code from specifications written high-level, sequential languages such as C, C++, or Java. HLS has allowed programmers to code in their preferred language while still obtaining all the benefits hardware acceleration has to offer without them needing to be intimately familiar with the hardware platform of the accelerator. In this work we summarize and expand upon several of our approaches to improve the automatic memory banking capabilities of HLS tools targeting reconfigurable architectures, namely Field-Programmable Gate Arrays or FPGA\u27s. We explored several approaches to automatically find the optimal partition factor and a usable banking scheme for stencil kernels including a tessellation based approach using multiple families of hyperplanes to do the partitioning which was able to find a better banking factor than current state-of-the-art methods and a graph theory methodology that allowed us to mathematically prove the optimality of our banking solutions. For non-stencil kernels we relaxed some of the conditions in our graph-based model to propose a best-effort solution to arbitrarily reduce memory access conflicts (simultaneous accesses to the same memory bank). We also proposed a non-linear transformation using prime factorization to convert a small subset of non-stencil kernels into stencil memory accesses, allowing us to use all previous work in memory partition to them. Our approaches were able to obtain better results than commercial tools and state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of reduced resource utilization and increased frequency of operation. We were also able to obtain better partition factors for some stencil kernels and usable baking schemes for non-stencil kernels with better performance than any applicable existing algorithm

Points on my Curve to Find: A Journey around the Self to Find the World

My creative practice has undergone a chronological series of transformations that has entailed experiments in several modes of self-expression. This has included the writing of prose-text, lyrics, song-writing, musical performance as a vocalist, work in film-making and visual documentation and work as a visual artist. In a life that has so far spanned living for substantial periods in different countries and cultures, my creative practice has been strongly influenced by that international and inter-cultural existence. Whilst on the one hand, different cultures nevertheless manifest 'languages' of communality with each other (especially in non-verbal communication, global 'signs, signals' and 'symbols'), on the other hand, there are distinctive and specific cultural patterns (and arts outcomes) that serve to delineate differences between one culture and another. My research and practice has been equally divided between a study of both commonalities and 'difference'. Consequently, the two series of works that have been submitted move regularly between dealing with particular and specific focus on forms and ideas embodied in the art-works of several cultures (particularly the first series), and forms and ideas resulting from a kind of introspective and reflective condition of art-making. From the outset of my research, I was concerned with an 'arts/science' set of paradigms- a practice that engaged with and between scientific method and contemporary arts practice. At some point(s), my research took the form of film-maker, Flamenco student; tourist; overseas worker (Namibia), song-writer and lyricist, but none of these modes ultimately formed the nucleus of my outcomes. The visual works submitted are intended to reflect the inter-cultural and cross-disciplinary modality of my practice. But they are also, a 'chronicle' of 'a life'; in this particular case, my own. The written thesis fluxes between reflective study and analysis and a critical evaluation of the sources, influences and techniques embodied by all works in the two series. Naturally, there is always an element of 'travelogue' about both the practical work and the written documentation. But there is also an intentional discourse on and about sources of inspiration and the affect those sources have on form, content and technique in my work as a visual artist

An Exploratory Investigation Into the Use of eAUP as an Alternative to Text-based Passwords

Security is one of the major concerns of every industry in the world today. One of the best ways of hacking into a computer system is brute forcing. And with the increase in computing, brute forcing has become faster and easy to do. Text-based passwords are still the most popular and most commonly used form of authentication even though the requirements for a good password are still increasing. Research has shown that the best text-based passwords are the random ones that have no sequence or pattern to them. But this also makes it difficult to remember. Well- documented research has shown that it is easier to remember an image than words, hence the adage A picture is worth a thousand words. Even though there are good policies for text-based passwords, the unpredictability of users\u27 attitudes and behavior has most of the time rendered these policies inefficient. The common trade-off for the complexity of text-based passwords is recallability. Most users would prefer to use a password they can easily remember than a complex one that they can easily forget. One of the proposed alternatives to text-based passwords is graphical passwords. There are several schemes that have been proposed but are still unpopular. This thesis investigated one of these schemes that are used on mobile devices to determine whether it can be used as an alternative to text-based passwords. Also this research proposes ways to improve this scheme and options of bringing it at par with the current minimum requirements of a good text-based password

Man-Computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS). Continued development of McIDAS and operation in the GARP Atlantic tropical experiment

The complete output of the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite was recorded on one inch magnetic tape. A quality control subsystem tests cloud track vectors against four sets of criteria: (1) rejection if best match occurs on correlation boundary; (2) rejection if major correlation peak is not distinct and significantly greater than secondary peak; (3) rejection if correlation is not persistent; and (4) rejection if acceleration is too great. A cloud height program determines cloud optical thickness from visible data and computer infrared emissivity. From infrared data and temperature profile, cloud height is determined. A functional description and electronic schematics of equipment are given