Integration Of Glutaraldehyde Onto Immuno-Membrane For Polyaniline-Based Electrochemical Biosensor

Development of membrane for bio-sensing applications for epidemics control has a huge global impact especially for public health. This research explored the electrochemical biosensor with polyaniline (PANI) as a transducer through analyzing the biotin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) interaction as a model system. As membrane appeared as the platform for protein immobilization, selection of suitable membrane is required to create a sensitive and specific biosensor. In measurement of membrane performance, membrane protein binding abilities were quantitatively determined. Among the tested membranes, NC-180 appeared as the most suitable lateral flow membrane as it performed high protein binding ability and short lateral wicking time. To increase the membrane protein binding ability, NC-180 was then subjected to membrane modification using glutaraldehyde (GA) solution. The protein binding of the modified membrane with GA was able to retain up to temperature of 60oC. In the present study, the effect of various integration factors such as the concentration of GA, integration time and number of the integration layer on membrane‟s protein binding ability was investigated. The optimum integration conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM)

Application of functionalized graphene oxide based biosensors for health monitoring: Simple graphene derivatives to 3D printed platforms

Biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing personalized medicine and environmental monitoring. Their construction is the key factor which depends on either manufacturing techniques or robust sensing materials to improve efficacy of the device. Functional graphene is an attractive choice for transducing material due to its various advantages in interfacing with biorecognition elements. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) are thus being used extensively for biosensors for monitoring of diseases. In addition, graphene can be patterned to a variety of structures and is incorporated into biosensor devices such as microfluidic devices and electrochemical and plasmonic sensors. Among biosensing materials, GO is gaining much attention due to its easy synthesis process and patternable features, high functionality, and high electron transfer properties with a large surface area leading to sensitive point-of-use applications. Considering demand and recent challenges, this perspective review is an attempt to describe state-of-the-art biosensors based on functional graphene. Special emphasis is given to elucidating the mechanism of sensing while discussing different applications. Further, we describe the future prospects of functional GO-based biosensors for health care and environmental monitoring with a focus on additive manufacturing such as 3D printing

Fundamentals of SARS-CoV-2 Biosensors

COVID-19 diagnostic strategies based on advanced techniques are currently essential topics of interest, with crucial roles in scientific research. This book integrates fundamental concepts and critical analyses that explore the progress of modern methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

Recent Progress in Optical Sensors for Biomedical Diagnostics

In recent years, several types of optical sensors have been probed for their aptitude in healthcare biosensing, making their applications in biomedical diagnostics a rapidly evolving subject. Optical sensors show versatility amongst different receptor types and even permit the integration of different detection mechanisms. Such conjugated sensing platforms facilitate the exploitation of their neoteric synergistic characteristics for sensor fabrication. This paper covers nearly 250 research articles since 2016 representing the emerging interest in rapid, reproducible and ultrasensitive assays in clinical analysis. Therefore, we present an elaborate review of biomedical diagnostics with the help of optical sensors working on varied principles such as surface plasmon resonance, localised surface plasmon resonance, evanescent wave fluorescence, bioluminescence and several others. These sensors are capable of investigating toxins, proteins, pathogens, disease biomarkers and whole cells in varied sensing media ranging from water to buffer to more complex environments such as serum, blood or urine. Hence, the recent trends discussed in this review hold enormous potential for the widespread use of optical sensors in early-stage disease prediction and point-of-care testing devices.DFG, 428780268, Biomimetische Rezeptoren auf NanoMIP-Basis zur Virenerkennung und -entfernung mittels integrierter Ansätz

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using a QCM Sensor based on Aptamers Selected by Whole-Bacterium SELEX and a Multivalent Aptamer System

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the top five pathogens contributing to foodborne diseases, causing an estimated 2,138 cases of hospitalization in the US each year. The extremely low infectious dose demands for more rapid and sensitive methods to detect E. coli O157:H7. The objective of this study is to select aptamers specifically binding to E. coli O157:H7 using whole-bacterium SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) and to create a multivalent aptamer system by rolling circle amplification (RCA) with the selected aptamer sequence for sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. Briefly, A total of 19 rounds of selection against live E. coli O157:H7 and 6 rounds of counter selection were performed for SELEX. One sequence S1 that appeared 16 (out of 20) times was characterized and a dissociation constant (Kd) of 10.30 nM was obtained. Using phi29 DNA polymerase, RCA reaction was performed, which produced a long ssDNA strand composed of thousands of repetitive aptamer sequences, termed as a multivalent aptamer system, on the electrode. The QCM sensor based on a multivalent aptamer system was able to quantitatively detect E. coli O157:H7. The limit of detection (LOD) of the QCM sensor was determined to be 34 CFU/ml, respectively, with the whole detection procedure in less than 40 min. The QCM sensor also showed high specificity for E. coli O157:H7 when it was cross-tested with five non-target bacteria. The QCM aptasensor in this study provided a common platform for detection of different foodborne pathogens

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Foodborne Pathogens Using Bio-Nanocomposites Functionalized Electrochemical Immunosensor with Dielectrophoretic Attraction.

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2017

Aptamer-modified nanomaterials: Principles and applications

Aptamers are promising alternative binders that can substitute antibodies in various applications. Due to the advantages of aptamers, namely their high affinity, specificity and stability, along with the benefits originating from the chemical synthesis of aptamers, they have attracted attention in various applications including their use on nanostructured material. This necessitates the immobilization of aptamers on a solid support. Since aptamer immobilization may interfere with its binding properties, the immobilization of aptamers has to be investigated and optimized. Within this review, we give general insights into the principles and factors controlling the binding affinity of immobilized aptamers. Specific features of aptamer immobilization on nanostructured surfaces and nanoparticles are highlighted and a brief overview of applications of aptamer-modified nanostructured materials is given

3D biosensors in advanced medical diagnostics of high mortality diseases

Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes are high mortality diseases, which account for almost two thirds of all deaths worldwide. Their early detection and continuous evaluation is fundamental for an improved patient prognosis and reduced socioeconomic impact. Current biosensor technologies are typically based on the analysis of whole blood samples from patients for the detection of disease-specific biomarkers. However, these technologies display serious shortcomings, such as reduced sensitivity and dynamic range, limited in vivo applicability, and lack of continuous monitoring. There is the urgent need for new diagnostic and treatment follow-up tools, which allow for the early detection of the pathology as well as for the continuous monitoring of the physiological response to specific therapies. During the last years, a new generation of biosensor technologies with improved performance has emerged in the biomedical sector. The combination of advanced biomaterial methods, biochemical tools, and micro/nanotechnology approaches has resulted in the development of innovative three-dimensional (3D) biosensor platforms for advanced medical diagnosis. In this review, we report the most recent advances in the field of 3D biosensors for clinical applications, focusing on the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. We discuss about their clinical performance compared to standard biosensor technologies, their implantable capability, and their integration into microfluidic devices to develop clinically-relevant models. Overall, we anticipate that 3D biosensors will drive us toward a new paradigm in medical diagnosis, resulting in real-time in vivo biosensors capable to significantly improve patient prognosis.V.M.C., S.C.K, and D.C. acknowledge thefinancial support from theEuropean Union Framework Programme for Research and InnovationHorizon 2020 on Forefront Research in 3D Disease Cancer Models asinvitroScreening Technologies (FoReCaST) under Grant agreement no.668983. V.M.C also thanks the Portuguese Foundation for Science andTechnology (FCT) for his distinction attributed under the FCTInvestigator program (IF/01214/2014). D.C. and S.C.K also acknowl-edge the support from the FCT under the scope of the project ModellingCancer Metastasis into the Human Microcirculation System using aMulti-organ-on-a-Chip Approach (2MATCH) (PTDC/BTM-ORG/28070/2017) funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte sup-ported by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER). A.I.B.acknowledges thefinancial support of project FROnTHERA (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023

Biosensors

A biosensor is defined as a detecting device that combines a transducer with a biologically sensitive and selective component. When a specific target molecule interacts with the biological component, a signal is produced, at transducer level, proportional to the concentration of the substance. Therefore biosensors can measure compounds present in the environment, chemical processes, food and human body at low cost if compared with traditional analytical techniques. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to biosensor technology, bringing together researchers from 11 different countries. The book consists of 16 chapters written by 53 authors. The first four chapters describe several aspects of nanotechnology applied to biosensors. The subsequent section, including three chapters, is devoted to biosensor applications in the fields of drug discovery, diagnostics and bacteria detection. The principles behind optical biosensors and some of their application are discussed in chapters from 8 to 11. The last five chapters treat of microelectronics, interfacing circuits, signal transmission, biotelemetry and algorithms applied to biosensing

Electrical and Electro-Optical Biosensors

Electrical and electro-optical biosensing technologies are critical to the development of innovative POCT devices, which can be used by both professional and untrained personnel for the provision of necessary health information within a short time for medical decisions to be determined, being especially important in an era of global pandemics. This Special Issue includes a few pioneering works concerning biosensors utilizing electrochemical impedance, localized surface plasmon resonance, and the bioelectricity of sensing materials in which the amount of analyte is pertinent to the signal response. The presented results demonstrate the potential of these label-free biosensing approaches in the detection of disease-related small-molecule metabolites, proteins, and whole-cell entities