523,466 research outputs found
Computational Fluid Dynamics 2020
This book presents a collection of works published in a recent Special Issue (SI) entitled “Computational Fluid Dynamics”. These works address the development and validation of existent numerical solvers for fluid flow problems and their related applications. They present complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena. The applications are wide and range from aerodynamic drag and pressure waves to geometrical blade modification on aerodynamics characteristics of high-pressure gas turbines, hydromagnetic flow arising in porous regions, optimal design of isothermal sloshing vessels to evaluation of (hybrid) nanofluid properties, their control using MHD, and their effect on different modes of heat transfer. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validating and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter/multidisciplinary works on many engineering applications in a coherent manner
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Iterative Algorithms for Distributed Optimization with Applications to Multi-Agent Estimation and Control
Optimization is a prevalent tool in control and estimation. This work explores the theoretical and practical challenges in the design and analysis of distributed algorithms to solve optimization problems related to multi-agent systems.We begin by considering a problem related to parameter estimation in sensor networks. We show that the maximum likelihood estimation formulation of several localization problems based on inter-sensor measurements reduces to the form of a common constrained optimization. We then design a distributed algorithm that utilizes only the most recent measurements and the estimates from the neighboring sensors, to iteratively compute the optimal solution. Our analysis shows that the solutions obtained from this algorithm converge locally to the maximum likelihood estimates, nevertheless simulations show that this convergence may occur globally. Furthermore, in experimental results using custom ultra-wideband radio frequency devices, this algorithm outperformed other distributed methods tested for a given localization problem.Next, we consider a multi-agent coordination problem formulated as a finite horizon optimization of the type used in model predictive control. We present two distributed and iterative algorithms, in which each agent is assigned a cost function, which it optimizes to compute its own control action. These cost functions depend on the states and the estimates of the control variables of the agents' neighbors, which are obtained through inter-agent communication. For the first algorithm, the agents are able to receive estimates from 2-hop neighbors, whereas the second algorithm utilizes only 1-hop neighbor information. For the first algorithm, our results show that the local solutions converge to the solution of the original model predictive control problem, regardless of how the algorithm is initialized. Because this convergence is asymptotic, we derive practical conditions for terminating the algorithm in a finite number of iterations, such that the closed-loop system achieves the desired coordination. For the second algorithm, due to more restrictive constraints, the convergence occurs to suboptimal solutions of the model predictive control problem. Nevertheless, simulations demonstrate that the optimality gap is small, and in some cases zero.A key takeaway from these results is that in many problems of multi-agent systems, the communication between the agents can be leveraged to design distributed algorithms that match the quality of solutions that one would obtain from centralized approaches
Design Issues for Generalized Linear Models: A Review
Generalized linear models (GLMs) have been used quite effectively in the
modeling of a mean response under nonstandard conditions, where discrete as
well as continuous data distributions can be accommodated. The choice of design
for a GLM is a very important task in the development and building of an
adequate model. However, one major problem that handicaps the construction of a
GLM design is its dependence on the unknown parameters of the fitted model.
Several approaches have been proposed in the past 25 years to solve this
problem. These approaches, however, have provided only partial solutions that
apply in only some special cases, and the problem, in general, remains largely
unresolved. The purpose of this article is to focus attention on the
aforementioned dependence problem. We provide a survey of various existing
techniques dealing with the dependence problem. This survey includes
discussions concerning locally optimal designs, sequential designs, Bayesian
designs and the quantile dispersion graph approach for comparing designs for
GLMs.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/088342306000000105 in the
Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
OptBPPlanner: Automatic Generation of Optimized Business Process Enactment Plans
Unlike imperative models, the specifi cation of business process (BP)
properties in a declarative way allows the user to specify what has to be done instead
of having to specify how it has to be done, thereby facilitating the human work
involved, avoiding failures, and obtaining a better optimization. Frequently, there
are several enactment plans related to a specifi c declarative model, each one
presenting specifi c values for different objective functions, e.g., overall completion
time. As a major contribution of this work, we propose a method for the automatic
generation of optimized BP enactment plans from declarative specifi cations. The
proposed method is based on a constraint-based approach for planning and scheduling
the BP activities. These optimized plans can then be used for different purposes
like simulation, time prediction, recommendations, and generation of optimized BP
models. Moreover, a tool-supported method, called OptBPPlanner, has been implemented
to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Furthermore, the proposed
method is validated through a range of test models of varying complexity.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2009-1371
Systems approaches and algorithms for discovery of combinatorial therapies
Effective therapy of complex diseases requires control of highly non-linear
complex networks that remain incompletely characterized. In particular, drug
intervention can be seen as control of signaling in cellular networks.
Identification of control parameters presents an extreme challenge due to the
combinatorial explosion of control possibilities in combination therapy and to
the incomplete knowledge of the systems biology of cells. In this review paper
we describe the main current and proposed approaches to the design of
combinatorial therapies, including the empirical methods used now by clinicians
and alternative approaches suggested recently by several authors. New
approaches for designing combinations arising from systems biology are
described. We discuss in special detail the design of algorithms that identify
optimal control parameters in cellular networks based on a quantitative
characterization of control landscapes, maximizing utilization of incomplete
knowledge of the state and structure of intracellular networks. The use of new
technology for high-throughput measurements is key to these new approaches to
combination therapy and essential for the characterization of control
landscapes and implementation of the algorithms. Combinatorial optimization in
medical therapy is also compared with the combinatorial optimization of
engineering and materials science and similarities and differences are
delineated.Comment: 25 page
Trajectory Synthesis for Fisher Information Maximization
Estimation of model parameters in a dynamic system can be significantly
improved with the choice of experimental trajectory. For general, nonlinear
dynamic systems, finding globally "best" trajectories is typically not
feasible; however, given an initial estimate of the model parameters and an
initial trajectory, we present a continuous-time optimization method that
produces a locally optimal trajectory for parameter estimation in the presence
of measurement noise. The optimization algorithm is formulated to find system
trajectories that improve a norm on the Fisher information matrix. A
double-pendulum cart apparatus is used to numerically and experimentally
validate this technique. In simulation, the optimized trajectory increases the
minimum eigenvalue of the Fisher information matrix by three orders of
magnitude compared to the initial trajectory. Experimental results show that
this optimized trajectory translates to an order of magnitude improvement in
the parameter estimate error in practice.Comment: 12 page
Space Structures: Issues in Dynamics and Control
A selective technical overview is presented on the vibration and control of large space structures, the analysis, design, and construction of which will require major technical contributions from the civil/structural, mechanical, and extended engineering communities. The immediacy of the U.S. space station makes the particular emphasis placed on large space structures and their control appropriate. The space station is but one part of the space program, and includes the lunar base, which the space station is to service. This paper attempts to summarize some of the key technical issues and hence provide a starting point for further involvement. The first half of this paper provides an introduction and overview of large space structures and their dynamics; the latter half discusses structural control, including control‐system design and nonlinearities. A crucial aspect of the large space structures problem is that dynamics and control must be considered simultaneously; the problems cannot be addressed individually and coupled as an afterthought
Estimator Selection: End-Performance Metric Aspects
Recently, a framework for application-oriented optimal experiment design has
been introduced. In this context, the distance of the estimated system from the
true one is measured in terms of a particular end-performance metric. This
treatment leads to superior unknown system estimates to classical experiment
designs based on usual pointwise functional distances of the estimated system
from the true one. The separation of the system estimator from the experiment
design is done within this new framework by choosing and fixing the estimation
method to either a maximum likelihood (ML) approach or a Bayesian estimator
such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Since the MMSE estimator delivers
a system estimate with lower mean square error (MSE) than the ML estimator for
finite-length experiments, it is usually considered the best choice in practice
in signal processing and control applications. Within the application-oriented
framework a related meaningful question is: Are there end-performance metrics
for which the ML estimator outperforms the MMSE when the experiment is
finite-length? In this paper, we affirmatively answer this question based on a
simple linear Gaussian regression example.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1303.428
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