20,610 research outputs found
Demand response within the energy-for-water-nexus - A review. ESRI WP637, October 2019
A promising tool to achieve more flexibility within power systems is demand re-sponse (DR). End-users in many strands
of industry have been subject to research up to now regarding the opportunities for implementing DR programmes. One sector
that has received little attention from the literature so far, is wastewater treatment. However, case studies indicate that the
potential for wastewater treatment plants to provide DR services might be significant. This review presents and categorises recent
modelling approaches for industrial demand response as well as for the wastewater treatment plant operation. Furthermore, the
main sources of flexibility from wastewater treatment plants are presented: a potential for variable electricity use in aeration, the
time-shifting operation of pumps, the exploitation of built-in redundan-cy in the system and flexibility in the sludge processing.
Although case studies con-note the potential for DR from individual WWTPs, no study acknowledges the en-dogeneity of energy
prices which arises from a large-scale utilisation of DR. There-fore, an integrated energy systems approach is required to quantify
system and market effects effectively
Optimal Design of District Heating Networks with Distributed Thermal Energy Storages – Method and Case Study
District heating systems have a great potential for supporting the energy transition towards a renewa-ble energy system, and could also be an option in less dense populated urban districts and rural communities with a medium heat density. In these cases, distributed thermal energy storages at each building could improve the overall system performance by enabling a leaner sizing of the piping sys-tems due to peak-shaving and reducing the heat losses of the distribution grid. But how can distribut-ed storages already be considered within the design of the district heating network itself? And what are the quantitative benefits with respect to the district heating piping system? This paper answers these questions and presents an open-source optimisation approach for designing the piping network of a district heating system. This includes the optimisation of the network topology, the dimensioning of the pipes, and the consideration of distributed storage options. A linear mixed-integer program-ming model with a high spatial resolution including heat storages at each customer has been imple-mented. Within the QUARREE100 project, the approach is demonstrated on a real world case of an existing district with 129 houses in the provincial town Heide in Northern Germany. In the scenario with 1 m³ heat storages, the thermal losses of the district heating network can be reduced by 10.2 % and the total costs by 13.1 %
Integration of Renewables in Power Systems by Multi-Energy System Interaction
This book focuses on the interaction between different energy vectors, that is, between electrical, thermal, gas, and transportation systems, with the purpose of optimizing the planning and operation of future energy systems. More and more renewable energy is integrated into the electrical system, and to optimize its usage and ensure that its full production can be hosted and utilized, the power system has to be controlled in a more flexible manner. In order not to overload the electrical distribution grids, the new large loads have to be controlled using demand response, perchance through a hierarchical control set-up where some controls are dependent on price signals from the spot and balancing markets. In addition, by performing local real-time control and coordination based on local voltage or system frequency measurements, the grid hosting limits are not violated
Improving sustainability of energy intensive sectors through multi-objective models
openGlobal energy consumption and the related carbon dioxide emissions, which represent a large share of the overall anthropogenic greenhouse gas production, are continuously increasing since most of the energy needs are still provided by fossil fuels, thus constituting one of the main issues to be addressed in the climate change mitigation agenda. To achieve the Paris Agreement’s ambitious objectives, an energy transition towards sustainable energy systems based on the new smart energy system (SES) paradigm is needed, thus integrating the various energy sources, vectors and needs within the sectors (electricity, heating, cooling, transport, etc.).
However, optimal planning, design and management of complex integrated systems such as SES require to make use of proper decision support models based on multi-objective optimization techniques, since a sustainability analysis intrinsically involves environmental, economic and social aspects. Furthermore, a SES project involves several stakeholders, each driven by different and often conflicting objectives, which should be considered within such models, to remove some relevant barriers to the energy transition.
Focusing on the improvement of the sustainability of the energy-intensive sectors, the main objective of this thesis is thus the development of a decision support framework based on multi-objective optimization with the aim to support the decision makers in the planning, design and management of integrated smart energy systems, while considering the different involved stakeholders. The proposed model, composed by three main phases (namely investigative, design and decision-making), has been developed by steps via its application on case studies belonging to two main topics concerning the improvement of the sustainability performance of energy-intensive sectors through the implementation of the smart energy system concept. The first main topic is representative of the context of industrial districts and concerns their sustainable energy supply based on technical solutions specifically designed for cluster of firms, allowed by geographical proximity. The other one concerns the synergic integration between industrial and urban areas, through the recovery of waste energy from industrial processes to feed municipal district heating with a carbon-free source. The case studies have been selected, within the opportunities available in the local territorial context, not only because fit for the implementation of the smart energy system concept, but also due to their suitability for the implementation of different phases of the proposed decision support system (DSS).Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze dell'ingegneria energetica e ambientaleopenCiotti, Gelli
Collaborative planning and optimization for electric-thermal-hydrogen-coupled energy systems with portfolio selection of the complete hydrogen energy chain
Under the global low-carbon target, the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of
renewable energy resources exacerbates the uncertainty and seasonal power
imbalance. Additionally, the issue of an incomplete hydrogen energy chain is
widely overlooked in planning models, which hinders the complete analysis of
the role of hydrogen in energy systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a
high-resolution collaborative planning model for
electricity-thermal-hydrogen-coupled energy systems considering both the
spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of renewable energy resources and
the multi-scale bottom-to-top investment strategy for the complete hydrogen
energy chain. Considering the high-resolution system operation flexibility,
this paper proposes a hydrogen chain-based fast clustering optimization method
that can handle high-dimensional data and multi-time scale operation
characteristics. The model optimizes the geographical distribution and capacity
configuration of the Northeast China energy system in 2050, with hourly
operational characteristics. The planning optimization covered single-energy
devices, multi-energy-coupled conversion devices, and electric-hydrogen
transmission networks. Last but not least, this paper thoroughly examines the
optimal portfolio selection of different hydrogen technologies based on the
differences in cost, flexibility, and efficiency. In the Pareto analysis, the
proposed model reduces CO2 emissions by 60% with a competitive cost. This paper
provides a zero-carbon pathway for multi-energy systems with a cost 4% less
than the social cost of carbon $44.6/ton, and the integration of the complete
hydrogen energy chain reduces the renewable energy curtailment by 97.0%.
Besides, the portfolio selection results indicate that the system favors the
SOEC with the highest energy efficiency and the PEMFC with the fastest dynamic
response when achieving zero-carbon emissionsComment: 32 pages, 17 figure
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