7,825 research outputs found
Surface networks
© Copyright CASA, UCL. The desire to understand and exploit the structure of continuous surfaces is common to researchers in a range of disciplines. Few examples of the varied surfaces forming an integral part of modern subjects include terrain, population density, surface atmospheric pressure, physico-chemical surfaces, computer graphics, and metrological surfaces. The focus of the work here is a group of data structures called Surface Networks, which abstract 2-dimensional surfaces by storing only the most important (also called fundamental, critical or surface-specific) points and lines in the surfaces. Surface networks are intelligent and ânatural â data structures because they store a surface as a framework of âsurface â elements unlike the DEM or TIN data structures. This report presents an overview of the previous works and the ideas being developed by the authors of this report. The research on surface networks has fou
A GDP-driven model for the binary and weighted structure of the International Trade Network
Recent events such as the global financial crisis have renewed the interest
in the topic of economic networks. One of the main channels of shock
propagation among countries is the International Trade Network (ITN). Two
important models for the ITN structure, the classical gravity model of trade
(more popular among economists) and the fitness model (more popular among
networks scientists), are both limited to the characterization of only one
representation of the ITN. The gravity model satisfactorily predicts the volume
of trade between connected countries, but cannot reproduce the observed missing
links (i.e. the topology). On the other hand, the fitness model can
successfully replicate the topology of the ITN, but cannot predict the volumes.
This paper tries to make an important step forward in the unification of those
two frameworks, by proposing a new GDP-driven model which can simultaneously
reproduce the binary and the weighted properties of the ITN. Specifically, we
adopt a maximum-entropy approach where both the degree and the strength of each
node is preserved. We then identify strong nonlinear relationships between the
GDP and the parameters of the model. This ultimately results in a weighted
generalization of the fitness model of trade, where the GDP plays the role of a
`macroeconomic fitness' shaping the binary and the weighted structure of the
ITN simultaneously. Our model mathematically highlights an important asymmetry
in the role of binary and weighted network properties, namely the fact that
binary properties can be inferred without the knowledge of weighted ones, while
the opposite is not true
Distance Preserving Graph Simplification
Large graphs are difficult to represent, visualize, and understand. In this
paper, we introduce "gate graph" - a new approach to perform graph
simplification. A gate graph provides a simplified topological view of the
original graph. Specifically, we construct a gate graph from a large graph so
that for any "non-local" vertex pair (distance higher than some threshold) in
the original graph, their shortest-path distance can be recovered by
consecutive "local" walks through the gate vertices in the gate graph. We
perform a theoretical investigation on the gate-vertex set discovery problem.
We characterize its computational complexity and reveal the upper bound of
minimum gate-vertex set using VC-dimension theory. We propose an efficient
mining algorithm to discover a gate-vertex set with guaranteed logarithmic
bound. We further present a fast technique for pruning redundant edges in a
gate graph. The detailed experimental results using both real and synthetic
graphs demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.Comment: A short version of this paper will be published for ICDM'11, December
201
Efficient symbolic computation of approximated small-signal characteristics of analog integrated circuits
A symbolic analysis tool is presented that generates simplified symbolic expressions for the small-signal characteristics of large analog integrated circuits. The expressions are approximated while they are computed, so that only those terms are generated which remain in the final expression. This principle causes drastic savings in CPU time and memory, compared with previous symbolic analysis tools. In this way, the maximum size of circuits that can be analyzed, is largely increased. By taking into account a range for the value of a circuit parameter rather than one single number, the generated expressions are also more generally valid. Mismatch handling is explicitly taken into account in the algorithm. The capabilities of the new tool are illustrated with several experimental result
Relating ordinary and fully simple maps via monotone Hurwitz numbers
A direct relation between the enumeration of ordinary maps and that of fully
simple maps first appeared in the work of the first and last authors. The
relation is via monotone Hurwitz numbers and was originally proved using
Weingarten calculus for matrix integrals. The goal of this paper is to present
two independent proofs that are purely combinatorial and generalise in various
directions, such as to the setting of stuffed maps and hypermaps. The main
motivation to understand the relation between ordinary and fully simple maps is
the fact that it could shed light on fundamental, yet still not
well-understood, problems in free probability and topological recursion.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
A graph-based mathematical morphology reader
This survey paper aims at providing a "literary" anthology of mathematical
morphology on graphs. It describes in the English language many ideas stemming
from a large number of different papers, hence providing a unified view of an
active and diverse field of research
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