273,767 research outputs found
EGNN-C+: Interpretable Evolving Granular Neural Network and Application in Classification of Weakly-Supervised EEG Data Streams
We introduce a modified incremental learning algorithm for evolving Granular
Neural Network Classifiers (eGNN-C+). We use double-boundary hyper-boxes to
represent granules, and customize the adaptation procedures to enhance the
robustness of outer boxes for data coverage and noise suppression, while
ensuring that inner boxes remain flexible to capture drifts. The classifier
evolves from scratch, incorporates new classes on the fly, and performs local
incremental feature weighting. As an application, we focus on the
classification of emotion-related patterns within electroencephalogram (EEG)
signals. Emotion recognition is crucial for enhancing the realism and
interactivity of computer systems. We extract features from the Fourier
spectrum of EEG signals obtained from 28 individuals engaged in playing
computer games -- a public dataset. Each game elicits a different predominant
emotion: boredom, calmness, horror, or joy. We analyze individual electrodes,
time window lengths, and frequency bands to assess the accuracy and
interpretability of resulting user-independent neural models. The findings
indicate that both brain hemispheres assist classification, especially
electrodes on the temporal (T8) and parietal (P7) areas, alongside
contributions from frontal and occipital electrodes. While patterns may
manifest in any band, the Alpha (8-13Hz), Delta (1-4Hz), and Theta (4-8Hz)
bands, in this order, exhibited higher correspondence with the emotion classes.
The eGNN-C+ demonstrates effectiveness in learning EEG data. It achieves an
accuracy of 81.7% and a 0.0029 II interpretability using 10-second time
windows, even in face of a highly-stochastic time-varying 4-class
classification problem.Comment: 10 pages, IEEE International Conference on Evolving and Adaptive
Intelligent Systems 2024 (IEEE EAIS 2024
Electrophysiological Correlates of Visual Object Category Formation in a Prototype-Distortion Task
In perceptual learning studies, participants engage in extensive training in the discrimination of visual stimuli in order to modulate perceptual performance. Much of the literature in perceptual learning has looked at the induction of the reorganization of low-level representations in V1. However, much remains to be understood about the mechanisms behind how the adult brain (an expert in visual object categorization) extracts high-level visual objects from the environment and categorically represents them in the cortical visual hierarchy. Here, I used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in object representation formation during a hybrid visual search and prototype distortion category learning task. EEG was continuously recorded while participants performed the hybrid task, in which a peripheral array of four dot patterns was briefly flashed on a computer screen. In half of the trials, one of the four dot patterns of the array contained the target, a distorted prototype pattern. The remaining trials contained only randomly generated patterns. After hundreds of trials, participants learned to discriminate the target pattern through corrective feedback. A multilevel modeling approach was used to examine the predictive relationship between behavioral performance over time and two ERP components, the N1 and the N250. The N1 is an early sensory component related to changes in visual attention and discrimination (Hopf et al., 2002; Vogel & Luck, 2000). The N250 is a component related to category learning and expertise (Krigolson et al., 2009; Scott et al., 2008; Tanaka et al., 2006). Results indicated that while N1 amplitudes did not change with improved performance, increasingly negative N250 amplitudes did develop over time and were predictive of improvements in pattern detection accuracy
Neural network-based colonoscopic diagnosis using on-line learning and differential evolution
In this paper, on-line training of neural networks is investigated in the context of computer-assisted colonoscopic diagnosis. A memory-based adaptation of the learning rate for the on-line back-propagation (BP) is proposed and used to seed an on-line evolution process that applies a differential evolution (DE) strategy to (re-) adapt the neural network to modified environmental conditions. Our approach looks at on-line training from the perspective of tracking the changing location of an approximate solution of a pattern-based, and thus, dynamically changing, error function. The proposed hybrid strategy is compared with other standard training methods that have traditionally been used for training neural networks off-line. Results in interpreting colonoscopy images and frames of video sequences are promising and suggest that networks trained with this strategy detect malignant regions of interest with accuracy
An introduction to time-resolved decoding analysis for M/EEG
The human brain is constantly processing and integrating information in order
to make decisions and interact with the world, for tasks from recognizing a
familiar face to playing a game of tennis. These complex cognitive processes
require communication between large populations of neurons. The non-invasive
neuroimaging methods of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG) provide population measures of neural activity with millisecond precision
that allow us to study the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes. However,
multi-sensor M/EEG data is inherently high dimensional, making it difficult to
parse important signal from noise. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) or
"decoding" methods offer vast potential for understanding high-dimensional
M/EEG neural data. MVPA can be used to distinguish between different conditions
and map the time courses of various neural processes, from basic sensory
processing to high-level cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the
practical aspects of performing decoding analyses on M/EEG data as well as the
limitations of the method, and then we discuss some applications for
understanding representational dynamics in the human brain
Automated design of robust discriminant analysis classifier for foot pressure lesions using kinematic data
In the recent years, the use of motion tracking systems for acquisition of functional biomechanical gait data, has received increasing interest due to the richness and accuracy of the measured kinematic information. However, costs frequently restrict the number of subjects employed, and this makes the dimensionality of the collected data far higher than the available samples. This paper applies discriminant analysis algorithms to the classification of patients with different types of foot lesions, in order to establish an association between foot motion and lesion formation. With primary attention to small sample size situations, we compare different types of Bayesian classifiers and evaluate their performance with various dimensionality reduction techniques for feature extraction, as well as search methods for selection of raw kinematic variables. Finally, we propose a novel integrated method which fine-tunes the classifier parameters and selects the most relevant kinematic variables simultaneously. Performance comparisons are using robust resampling techniques such as Bootstrapand k-fold cross-validation. Results from experimentations with lesion subjects suffering from pathological plantar hyperkeratosis, show that the proposed method can lead tocorrect classification rates with less than 10% of the original features
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