Comparative study of efficiency on prototype against generic drugs on lipid lowering agents

The purpose of the current study is to approve or disprove the efficiency of the effectiveness comparing generic drugs and the respectively prototype drugs on lipid lowering agents based on two specific quality factors; first the thickness of the vessels' endothelium and second the calcification on vessels' walls. For the study drugs where recognized and divided into two categories: Unique drugs which included prototype drugs with protected exclusivity of the use of the active substance (on patent) according to the law. And generic drugs which NOM has given approvals as generic drugs

Mutations économiques et démographiques en Chine : croissance ou développement ?

Le processus de croissance économique de la Chine ces dernières décennies, tiré principalement par la dynamique du secteur des exportations, est accompagné par une croissance démographique rapide. Cette croissance contribue à la création d’une base considérable de consommateurs potentiels et à la constitution d’un grand réservoir en ressources humaines. Faisant partie du groupe des pays dits « émergents », le cas de la Chine présente un intérêt particulier dans le but d’examiner dans quelle mesure la croissance économique se traduit par un processus simultané de développement, cette dernière notion étant étroitement liée à l’amélioration de la vie humaine. La thèse est structurée en trois parties principales. La première partie concerne l’analyse des mutations économiques et démographiques en Chine pendant les dernières décennies, notamment depuis la montée au pouvoir du Deng Xiao Ping en 1978. L’analyse opérée établit d’abord une distinction entre les processus de globalisation et de libéralisation économique, ce, simultanément avec l’évaluation des évolutions de population liées au processus de transition démographique. Dans cette même partie est proposée par la suite une analyse des changements institutionnels liés aux politiques appliquées dans un contexte économique et démographique fortement évolutif. Dans la deuxième partie, la construction d’une base de « diagnostic » concernant certains risques et opportunités liés aux défis du développement de la Chine dans la période actuelle permet de déboucher sur la formulation des principales hypothèses de la recherche. La troisième partie évalue les hypothèses de travail identifiées et tente de construire la distinction proposée entre croissance et développement. Au-delà de la construction et de l’évaluation des hypothèses, la posture épistémologique corollaire de la thèse consiste à appréhender en ouverture disciplinaire le phénomène de co-évolution entre les variables économiques et démographiques dans le cas chinois. Les questions posées autour de la notion du développement imposent, en effet, une approche bidisciplinaire, à la fois économique et démographique.The process of economic growth in China during the last decades, mainly driven by the dynamics of the export sector, is accompanied by a simultaneous and rapid population growth. This growth contributes, in turn, to the creation of a vast amount of potential consumers, as well of a large human resources reservoir, at a national level. Being part of the group of countries well known as “emerging”, the case of China is of special interest, in order to examine if and how economic growth can result in a simultaneous development process, the latter concept being closely related to the improvement of human life.This PhD thesis is structured mainly in three parts. The first part concerns the analysis of economic and demographic changes in China over the last decades, especially since the rise to the country’s leadership of Deng Xiaoping in the year 1978. The analysis carried out first distinguishes the processes of economic globalization and liberalization, at the same time with the evaluation of population trends related to the demographic transition process. Later in the same part, an analysis of institutional changes becomes available, associated with the national policies applied in this highly evolving economic and demographic context. During the second part, the construction of a “diagnosis base” concerning selected risks and opportunities, related to the challenges on China’s development in the current period, allows us to formulate the key assumptions of this research. Finally, the third part comes exactly to evaluate our identified key assumptions, while attempting to define the proposed distinction between the concepts of growth and development. Apart from the construction and the evaluation of our key assumptions, the corollary epistemological posture of this thesis is to examine, through a disciplinary openness, the phenomenon of the co-evolution between economic and demographic variables in the Chinese case. The questions raised about the concept of development require, in fact, a bi-disciplinary approach, both from an economic and demographic view

Phytochemical composition, health effects and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): a medicinal plant

Liquorice has been widely appreciated as an important medicinal plant. Its rhizomes and roots have been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to their renowned therapeutic properties. However, increasing market demands and irrational harvesting of wild liquorice plants has rendered the cultivation of the species of major importance. This review, presents aspects related with chemical composition and health effects of the species, and the effect of various cultivation practices. Particular interest is given on glycyrrhizin and its extraction procedures, since it is the main bioactive compound of liquorice roots and its content determines the final product quality.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Effects of Plant Density and Row Arrangement on Weed Management and Yield in Organic Cabbage Crop (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

Cabbage is an important vegetable crop species. To obtain high yield of cabbage, good weed management practice must be implemented. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of plant density and row arrangement on weed flora and yield of a cabbage crop under Mediterranean climatic conditions. A randomized complete block design was employed with 4 replicates per treatment (single rows 60 cm x 40 cm, single rows 70 cm x 30 cm, single rows 50 cm x 34 cm and paired-rows: the distances between two rows in a pair and between two consecutive paired-rows were 25 cm and 85 cm, respectively, and plant-to-plant spacing was 40 cm; 58,800 plants ha-1). The intercepted PAR by the cabbage canopy increased with increases in plant density to about 59,000 plants ha-1 and this increased interception of PAR resulted in a decrease in weed biomass. Weed density and weed biomass decreased with increasing plant populations. There were also no significant differences between paired-rows and single row pattern at high density. Moreover, plant density affected cabbage yield. The highest yield (10.54 t∙ha-1) was observed in the paired-rows planting pattern and the next highest in the single-rows 50 x 34 cm. Our results indicate that paired-rows cabbage production is feasible and the control of various weeds was better in paired-rows than single-rows pattern at lower cabbage density

Cotton Oil and Sunflower Oil Fuel Mixtures

Air pollution is made up of many kind of gases, droplets and particles that reduce the quality of the air. Particles include dust, dirt, soot, smoke and liquid droplets. Some of these particles are large enough to be seen as soot or smoke, while others are so small that can be detected individually with a microscope. Some particles are emitted directly into the air from a variety of sources that are either natural or related to human activity. Those related to human activity include motor vehicle emissions, industrial processes such as electricity generation, incinerators and stone crushing. At this paper will be compared the emissions of pollutants when are used as a fuel the mixtures of diesel-cotton oil and diesel- sunflower oil in a Diesel four-stroke engine. Specifically, the mixtures that have been used are the following: diesel-10% cotton oil, diesel-20% cotton oil, diesel-30% cotton oil, diesel-40% cotton oil, diesel-50% cotton oil, diesel- 10% sunflower oil, diesel- 20% sunflower oil, diesel- 30% sunflower oil, diesel- 40% sunflower oil, diesel- 50% sunflower oil. For those mixtures, it has been measured the emissions of Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and also the fuel consumption. Key words: Gas emissions; Cotton oil; Sunflower oil; CO-HC-NO-smoke emissions; Biofuel

Halophytic herbs of the Mediterranean basin: an alternative approach to health

Wild native species are usually grown under severe and stressful conditions, while a special category includes halophytic species that are tolerant to high salinity levels. Native halophytes are valuable sources of bioactive molecules whose content is higher in saline than normal conditions, since the adaptation to salinity mechanisms involve apart from changes in physiological functions the biosynthesis of protectant molecules. These compounds include secondary metabolites with several beneficial health effects which have been known since ancient times and used for medicinal purposes. Recent trends in pharmaceutical industry suggest the use of natural compounds as alternative to synthetic ones, with native herbs being strong candidates for this purpose due to their increased and variable content in health promoting compounds. In this review, an introductory section about the importance of native herbs and halophyte species for traditional and modern medicine will be presented. A list of the most important halophytes of the Mediterranean basin will follow, with special focus on their chemical composition and their reported by clinical and ethnopharmacological studies health effects. The review concludes by suggesting future requirements and perspectives for further exploitation of these valuable species within the context of sustainability and climate change.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Edible halophytes of the Mediterranean basin: Potential candidates for novel food products

Background: Recent trends in the food science industry and consumers’ preferences for diversified diets suggest the consumption of wild greens not only as diet complements but also as healthy and functional foods for targeted conditions, rendering its commercial cultivation of major importance in order to avoid irrational gathering and genetic erosion threats. The Mediterranean basin abounds in wild edible species which have been used for food and medicinal purposes by human throughout the centuries. Many of these species can be found near coastal areas and usually grow under saline conditions, while others can adapt in various harsh conditions including high salinity. Scope and approach: The aim of this review focuses on listing and describing the most important halophyte species that traditionally have been gathered by rural communities of the Mediterranean basin, while special interest will be given on their chemical composition and health promoting components. Cases of commercially cultivated halophytes will be also presented to highlight their potential as alternative cash crops, while results from in vitro and in vivo health effects will be presented. Key findings and conclusions: The recent literature has provided useful information regarding the potential of wild halophytes as promising ingredients in functional food products and/or as sources of bioactive compounds. However, further research is needed regarding the chemical characterization of these species under commercial cultivation practices, while further clinical and model trials have to be conducted to assess their long term bioactivity and elucidate potential toxic effects and regulations of safe consumption.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio