Intelligent TDMA heuristic scheduling by taking into account physical layer interference for an industrial IoT environment

In an Internet of Things environment, where multiple mobile devices are brought together, it is not always possible to serve all these devices simultaneously. We developed an intelligent Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduler which allows to plan the individual packets of the different streams in such a way that everyone can be served by taking into account the interference on the physical layer. The scheduler is applied in a realistic industrial environment and evaluated based on the maximum link latency, the channel occupancy, and the jitter. Two strategies are compared: one where the packets are sequentially allocated, and one periodically. Our results show that the periodically allocated strategy performs the best for the maximum link latency (for a packet size below 1200 bytes) and for the jitter. The channel occupancy is similar for both strategies. Furthermore, the performance can be improved by using a higher number of channels. Compared to classic Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), the channel occupancy and the jitter are reduced up to 69.9 and 99.9%, respectively. Considering the maximum link latency, the proposed TDMA strategies perform significantly better than the worst case CSMA/CA (up to 99.8%), however, when assuming a best case CSMA/CA scenario, CSMA/CA performs better. Furthermore, we clearly show that there are cases where it is not possible to plan all streams when using CSMA/CA while this becomes feasible when applying the proposed TDMA strategies

Fly-By-Wireless for Next Generation Aircraft: Challenges and Potential solutions

”Fly-By-Wireless” paradigm based on wireless connectivity in aircraft has the potential to improve efficiency and flexibility, while reducing weight, fuel consumption and maintenance costs. In this paper, first, the opportunities and challenges for wireless technologies in safety-critical avionics context are discussed. Then, the assessment of such technologies versus avionics requirements is provided in order to select the most appropriate one for a wireless aircraft application. As a result, the design of a Wireless Avionics Network based on Ultra WideBand technology is investigated, considering the issues of determinism, reliability and security

Spatial data stream multiplexing scheme for high-throughput WLANs

A novel scheme using spatial data stream multiplexing (SDSM) in the upcoming multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO)-based IEEE 802.11n physical layer is proposed. It is shown that with SDSM, the same data rate can be achieved by using less number of transmit and receive antennas and therefore this scheme can reduce the number of antennas which results in reducing mutual coupling effects, hardware costs and implementation complexities. The maximum data rates that can be achieved using a 2 * 2 MIMO system is 270 Mbps and for a 4 * 4 MIMO system is 540 Mbps. The same data rates can be achieved using the SDSM technique which reduces the 2 * 2 MIMO system to 1 * 1 SISO system and the 4 * 4 MIMO system to a 2 * 2 MIMO system

Low energy indoor network : deployment optimisation

This article considers what the minimum energy indoor access point deployment is in order to achieve a certain downlink quality-of-service. The article investigates two conventional multiple-access technologies, namely: LTE-femtocells and 802.11n Wi-Fi. This is done in a dynamic multi-user and multi-cell interference network. Our baseline results are reinforced by novel theoretical expressions. Furthermore, the work underlines the importance of considering optimisation when accounting for the capacity saturation of realistic modulation and coding schemes. The results in this article show that optimising the location of access points both within a building and within the individual rooms is critical to minimise the energy consumption

Development of Wireless Techniques in Data and Power Transmission - Application for Particle Physics Detectors

Wireless techniques have developed extremely fast over the last decade and using them for data and power transmission in particle physics detectors is not science- fiction any more. During the last years several research groups have independently thought of making it a reality. Wireless techniques became a mature field for research and new developments might have impact on future particle physics experiments. The Instrumentation Frontier was set up as a part of the SnowMass 2013 Community Summer Study [1] to examine the instrumentation R&D for the particle physics research over the coming decades: {\guillemotleft} To succeed we need to make technical and scientific innovation a priority in the field {\guillemotright}. Wireless data transmission was identified as one of the innovations that could revolutionize the transmission of data out of the detector. Power delivery was another challenge mentioned in the same report. We propose a collaboration to identify the specific needs of different projects that might benefit from wireless techniques. The objective is to provide a common platform for research and development in order to optimize effectiveness and cost, with the aim of designing and testing wireless demonstrators for large instrumentation systems

Throughput and range characterization of IEEE 802.11ah

The most essential part of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure is the wireless communication system that acts as a bridge for the delivery of data and control messages. However, the existing wireless technologies lack the ability to support a huge amount of data exchange from many battery driven devices spread over a wide area. In order to support the IoT paradigm, the IEEE 802.11 standard committee is in process of introducing a new standard, called IEEE 802.11ah. This is one of the most promising and appealing standards, which aims to bridge the gap between traditional mobile networks and the demands of the IoT. In this paper, we first discuss the main PHY and MAC layer amendments proposed for IEEE 802.11ah. Furthermore, we investigate the operability of IEEE 802.11ah as a backhaul link to connect devices over a long range. Additionally, we compare the aforementioned standard with previous notable IEEE 802.11 amendments (i.e. IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac) in terms of throughput (with and without frame aggregation) by utilizing the most robust modulation schemes. The results show an improved performance of IEEE 802.11ah (in terms of power received at long range while experiencing different packet error rates) as compared to previous IEEE 802.11 standards.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 5 table

High-Speed Communications Over Polymer Optical Fibers for In-Building Cabling and Home Networking

This paper focuses on high-speed cabling using polymer optical fibers (POF) in home networking. In particular, we report about the results obtained in the POF-ALL European Project, which is relevant to the Sixth Framework Program, and after two years of the European Project POF-PLUS, which is relevant to the Seventh Framework Program, focusing on their research activities about the use of poly-metyl-metha-acrilate step-index optical fibers for home applications. In particular, for that which concerns POF-ALL, we will describe eight-level pulse amplitude modulation (8-PAM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) approaches for 100-Mb/s transmission over a target distance of 300 m, while for that which concerns POF-PLUS, we will describe a fully digital and a mixed analog-digital solution, both based on intensity modulation direct detection, for transmitting 1 Gb/s over a target distance of 50 m. The ultimate experimental results from the POF-ALL project will be given, while for POF-PLUS, which is still ongoing, we will only show our most recent preliminary results