The framework of image recognition based on modified freeman chain code

Image recognition of line drawing involves feature extraction and feature comparison; works on the extraction required the representation of the image to be compared and analysed. Combining these two requirements, a framework that implements a new extraction algorithm of a chain code representation is presented. In addition, new corner detection is presented as pre-processing to the line drawing input in order to derive the chain code. This paper presents a new framework that consists of five steps namely pre-processing and image processing, new corner detection algorithm, chain code generator, feature extraction algorithm, and recognition process. Heuristic approach that is applied in the corner detection algorithm accepts thinned binary image as input and produces a modified thinned binary image containing J characters to represent corners in the image. Using the modified thinned binary image, a new chain code scheme that is based on Freeman chain code is proposed and an algorithm is developed to generate a single chain code series that is representing the line drawing input. The feature extraction algorithm is then extracts the three pre-defined features of the chain code for recognition purpose. The features are corner properties, distance between corners, and angle from a corner to the connected corner. The explanation of steps in the framework is supported with two line drawings. The results show that the framework successfully recognizes line drawing into five categories namely not similar line drawing, and four other categories that are similar but with attributes of rotation angle and scaling ratio

Establishing the national boundaries

Citation: Logan, Daniel Andrew. Establishing the national boundaries. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1905.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: The boundary line of a country is a matter of small significance when it happens to be land bordering on the water, but on such places on the land it is often the cause of constant irritation and disputes between the two adjacent countries. The boundary line decides whether or not a person must obey one or another code of laws and fight for one or another country. It is a very difficult matter to run a boundary line over a country or continent. The first difficulty lies in the fact that the people on each side of the boundary line are about the same. They live the same, have the same habits and customs, yet they are governed by a different set of officials and must obey a different code of laws. Another difficulty lies in the fact that the line is more or less imaginary and inaccurate, due to the inaccuracy of our surveying instruments and to our natural aptitude of being greedy. Oceans, lakes and rivers form the best boundary lines. Other land marks such as chain of highlands or a watershed also form natural boundaries

An innovative approach in developing standard professionals by involving software engineering students in implementing and improving international standards

Today, the ability of organizations to compete, adapt, and survive depends increasingly on software. Some cellular phones, for example, contain over twenty million lines of code, and top of the line automobiles may have up to 100 million lines of code.1 Manufacturers depend increasingly on the components produced by their suppliers. A manufacturing chain of large mass-market products often has a pyramidal structure, as illustrated in Figure 1, adapted from Shintani. For example, a large mass product manufacturer integrated into one of its products a part with an unknown software error that was produced by one of its 6,000 lower-level producers. This defective part resulted in a loss of over $200 million by the mass product manufacturer. A vast majority of these low level suppliers are very small entities

Wood products automatic identification based on fingerprint method

This paper introduces utilization of improved fingerprint method based on wood surface visual parameters for increasing wooden products identifiability for instance in wood industry and especially for automation lines. Usually the traceability of the objects in the production chain is achieved by using identification code based systems, for example visual codes, which are marked in one position and are read by a machine vision system in another position. In many cases the possible maximum readability can be quite hard to achieve due to marking problems or code background visual problems. In wood industry traceability case it is possible to exploit the fact that wood is a biological material and therefore its surface is quite volatile, each code background is unique. The parameters describing the wood branches, grain or some other specific features can be used for matching for example the saw material in different production line positions. Presuming the conditions for the vision system in the consecutive positions are similar and no processing is applied to the traceable objects between those positions, then it is possible to match most of the objects and therefore increase automatic traceability and identification of the products in different positions of the production chain

Fatigue Life Analysis of Mooring System: The Effect of Asymmetry Mooring System Configuration on Single Point Mooring

This journal explains the fatigue life analysis of anchor chain in the stand-alone single point mooring by comparing the 4x1 asymmetric and symmetrical mooring system configurations to determine whether the effect of the asymmetrical mooring system configuration on the fatigue life of the anchor chain is related to the length of the mooring lines, the pretensions of the mooring lines, and the angle of spread. The analysis was reviewed on the condition of ULS and FLS environmental loading based on API RP 2 SK code using Orcaflex with 3 hours of time- domain simulation. In the ULS condition, the symmetrical configuration can withstand environmental loads better in the direction of 0o and 180o with the generated maximum tension and maximum offset value smaller than the result from asymmetrical configuration. While the asymmetrical configuration can withstand environmental loads better in the direction of 90o and 270o with the generated maximum tension and maximum offset value smaller than the result from symmetrical configuration. In the FLS condition, the asymmetrical configuration has a longer minimum fatigue life and design life of anchor chain than the symmetrical configuration. This happens because of the spread angle of the mooring line, the length of the mooring line, and the pretension of the mooring lin

Microwave encoders for chipless RFID and angular velocity sensors based on S-shaped split ring resonators

In this paper, it is demonstrated that a chain of S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs) etched on a dielectric substrate can modulate the amplitude of a carrier signal injected to a transmission line (a coplanar waveguide (CPW). To this end, the S-SRR chain must be transversally displaced above the CPW, in close proximity to it. By this means, the transmission coefficient of the line is modulated by the time-varying electromagnetic (inductive) coupling between the line and the S-SRRs of the chain, related to their relative motion. Based on this principle, two different applications can be envisaged: 1) angular velocity sensors and 2) near-field chipless radiofrequency identification (chipless-RFID) tags. In the former application, the S-SRR chain is circularly shaped and the S-SRRs are distributed uniformly along the perimeter of the rotor, at equidistant positions. By this means, the amplitude-modulated signal generated by rotor motion exhibits envelope peaks, whose distance is related to the angular velocity of the rotor. In the use of S-SRRs as microwave encoders for chipless RFID tags, not all the S-SRRs of the chain are present. Their presence or absence at the predefined (equidistant) positions is related to the logic state "1" or "0." Tag reading is sequential, and it is achieved through tag motion (at constant velocity) above the reader, a CPW transmission line fed by a carrier signal. The ID code is contained in the envelope function of the resulting amplitude modulated signal, which can be obtained by means of an envelope detector. With the proposed approach, a high number of pulses in angular velocity sensors can be achieved (with direct impact on angle resolution and sensitivity to changes in instantaneous rotation speed). Moreover, chipless-RFID tags with unprecedented number of bits can be obtained. The proposed angular velocity sensors can be useful in space environments, whereas the chipless-RFID systems based on the proposed tags are useful in applications where reading range can be sacrificed in favor of high data capacity (large number of bits), e.g., security and authentication