4,984 research outputs found
On Invariance and Selectivity in Representation Learning
We discuss data representation which can be learned automatically from data,
are invariant to transformations, and at the same time selective, in the sense
that two points have the same representation only if they are one the
transformation of the other. The mathematical results here sharpen some of the
key claims of i-theory -- a recent theory of feedforward processing in sensory
cortex
On invariance and selectivity in representation learning
We study the problem of learning from data representations that are invariant to transformations, and at the same time selective, in the sense that two points have the same representation if one is the transformation of the other. The mathematical results here sharpen some of the key claims of i-theory—a recent theory of feedforward processing in sensory cortex (Anselmi et al., 2013, Theor. Comput. Sci. and arXiv:1311.4158; Anselmi et al., 2013, Magic materials: a theory of deep hierarchical architectures for learning sensory representations. CBCL Paper; Anselmi & Poggio, 2010, Representation learning in sensory cortex: a theory. CBMM Memo No. 26).National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award CCF-1231216
A Deep Representation for Invariance And Music Classification
Representations in the auditory cortex might be based on mechanisms similar
to the visual ventral stream; modules for building invariance to
transformations and multiple layers for compositionality and selectivity. In
this paper we propose the use of such computational modules for extracting
invariant and discriminative audio representations. Building on a theory of
invariance in hierarchical architectures, we propose a novel, mid-level
representation for acoustical signals, using the empirical distributions of
projections on a set of templates and their transformations. Under the
assumption that, by construction, this dictionary of templates is composed from
similar classes, and samples the orbit of variance-inducing signal
transformations (such as shift and scale), the resulting signature is
theoretically guaranteed to be unique, invariant to transformations and stable
to deformations. Modules of projection and pooling can then constitute layers
of deep networks, for learning composite representations. We present the main
theoretical and computational aspects of a framework for unsupervised learning
of invariant audio representations, empirically evaluated on music genre
classification.Comment: 5 pages, CBMM Memo No. 002, (to appear) IEEE 2014 International
Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2014
View-tolerant face recognition and Hebbian learning imply mirror-symmetric neural tuning to head orientation
The primate brain contains a hierarchy of visual areas, dubbed the ventral
stream, which rapidly computes object representations that are both specific
for object identity and relatively robust against identity-preserving
transformations like depth-rotations. Current computational models of object
recognition, including recent deep learning networks, generate these properties
through a hierarchy of alternating selectivity-increasing filtering and
tolerance-increasing pooling operations, similar to simple-complex cells
operations. While simulations of these models recapitulate the ventral stream's
progression from early view-specific to late view-tolerant representations,
they fail to generate the most salient property of the intermediate
representation for faces found in the brain: mirror-symmetric tuning of the
neural population to head orientation. Here we prove that a class of
hierarchical architectures and a broad set of biologically plausible learning
rules can provide approximate invariance at the top level of the network. While
most of the learning rules do not yield mirror-symmetry in the mid-level
representations, we characterize a specific biologically-plausible Hebb-type
learning rule that is guaranteed to generate mirror-symmetric tuning to faces
tuning at intermediate levels of the architecture
Unsupervised Learning of Individuals and Categories from Images
Motivated by the existence of highly selective, sparsely firing cells observed in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL), we present an unsupervised method for learning and recognizing object categories from unlabeled images. In our model, a network of nonlinear neurons learns a sparse representation of its inputs through an unsupervised expectation-maximization process. We show that the application of this strategy to an invariant feature-based description of natural images leads to the development of units displaying sparse, invariant selectivity for particular individuals or image categories much like those observed in the MTL data
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