Network dimensioning with carrier aggregation

Abstract—A recent policy ruling by the Federal Com-munications Commission (FCC) set aside a fixed amount of cleared spectrum for smaller network providers. Thanks to this ruling, smaller providers can improve their quality of service using carrier aggregation. In this paper, we determine the optimal (minimum) level of carrier aggre-gation that a smaller provider needs in order to bring its service in line with a larger provider in the same market. Toward this end, we provide an asymptotically exact formula for the loss (blocking) probability of flows under a quality-driven (QD) regime. Using this formula, we establish an efficient way of numerically calculating the optimal level of carrier aggregation and derive scaling laws. Specifically, we show that the optimal level of carrier aggregation scales sub-linearly with respect to the scaling factor, i.e., the ratio between the network capacities of the two providers, and decreases with the initial traffic load of the providers. We derive a closed-form linear upper bound on the optimal level of carrier aggregation and prove that it is the tightest possible. We provide numerical results, showing the accuracy of our methods and illustrating their use. We also discuss the extension of our results to delay-related metrics as well as their application to profitable pricing in secondary spectrum markets. I

Carrier Aggregation Technique to Improve Capacity in LTE-Advanced Network

Carrier aggregation (CA) is a major feature in LTE-advanced technology that allows network provider to use more than one carrier simultaneously to increase capacity. CA uses two or more individual component carriers (CCs) of the same (intra-band) and different (inter-band) frequency bands. In this paper, we evaluate CA techniques with the test parameter using BLER and throughput inside the tested area of LTE network. The tested area is designed to represent most common environment in which LTE will be deployed. We use 30 MHz frequency bandwidth in the simulation to evaluate intra-band and inter-band CA technique performance. Two CCs is allocated for primary serving cell (PCell) and secondary serving cell (SCell). Simulation result shows for the downlink, BLER tend to increase, as the frequency configuration is increase. However, for the uplink BLER is zero. We found that for CA configuration with wider PCell bandwidth resulting better throughput. In CA intra-band, the throughput of non-contiguous CA is better than CA contiguous. Then in the inter-band CA, CC combination with a lower frequency produces higher throughput

PERENCANAAN JARINGAN TD-LTE ADVANCED DENGAN SKEMA CARRIER AGGREGATION INTRA-BAND CONTIGUOUS STUDI KASUS KOTA BANDUNG

Carrier aggregation merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan bandwidth karena dengan metode carrier aggregation beberapa frekuensi berbeda yang memiliki bandwidth yang kecil dapat di agregasi sehingga akan mendapatkan bandwidth yang lebih lebar, jadi tujuan utama dari penerapan metode carrier aggregation adalah peningkatan pada nilai throughput. Pada perencanaan ini juga menerapkan metode time division duplexing (TDD), karena duplexing menggunakan metode TDD memiliki keuntungan untuk menangani layanan berbasi data yang mayoritas bersifat Non-Guarantee Bit Rate (N-GBR) karena pada layanan ini tidak memerlukan bit rate minimum untuk dapat bekerja. Pada simulasi ini menggunakan frekuensi 2300 MHz sebagai frekuensi TD-LTE Advanced dan parameter yang menjadi fokus utama adalah throughput, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), dan block error rate (BLER). Hasil dari simulasi menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata throughput sebesar 10,3 Mbps, nilai rata-rata RSRP sebesar -113,69 dBm, nilai rata-rata RSSI sebesar -72,13 dBm, nilai rata-rata CINR sebesar 3,91 dB, dan nilai rata-rata BLER sebesar 0,08%

Optimization of Enhanced Mobile Broadband Solution for Rural and Remote Areas: A Case Study of Banten, Indonesia

Penelitian ini menawarkan solusi untuk akses broadband futuristik di daerah terpencil dan pedesaan dengan pilihan: optimasi LTE; dan perkembangan jaringan pita lebar yang diasumsikan sebagai 5G. Teknologi yang digunakan pada sistem 5G masa depan ialah pemanfaatan frekuensi tinggi, UE-Specific Beamforming, dan Skema Carrier Agregation (CA). Lima klasifikasi dalam implementasi jaringan futuristik: Skenario 1, Single Carrier (SC) LTE 1,8 GHz; Skenario 2, CA LTE 1,8 GHz + 2,6 GHz; Skenario 3, SC 5G 15 GHz; Skenario 4, SC 5G 28 GHz; Skenario 5, CA LTE 1,8 GHz + 5G 15 GHz. Redaman hujan diperhitungkan demi mendapat hasil realistis. Pada wilayah Leuwidamar, Skenario 5 memiliki jumlah BS paling sedikit. Sedangkan di Panimbang, Skenario 3 dan 5 memiliki jumlah BS yang paling sedikit. Namun, jika performansi energi diperhitungkan, Skenario 3 merupakan solusi terbaik. Selanjutnya, jika kita mengimplementasikan Discontinues Transmission (DTX), Skenario 3 dapat memberi kita penghematan energi yang mengesankan, dengan masing-masing penghematan sebesar 97% dan 94% pada daerah Leuwidamar dan Panimbang. Maka, hasil studi menyarankan untuk menggunakan jaringan SC 15 GHz sebagai optimisasi jaringan prospektif masa depan di Leuwidamar dan Panimbang, menimbang tercapainya salah satu target teknis teknologi 5G, yaitu ketersediaan 50 Mbps dimana saja dan kapan saja. *****Our work compared the performance of future broadband network solutions: with Optimized LTE system; and a new enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) system, in which assumed to be prospective 5G network. The proposed eMBB system implements three key-techniques: high frequency, a UE-Specific Beamforming, and Carrier Aggregation (CA). We propose five solutions: Case 1, Single Carrier (SC) LTE 1.8 GHz; Case 2, CA LTE 1.8 GHz + 2.6 GHz; Case 3, SC 5G 15 GHz; Case 4, SC 5G 28 GHz; Case 5, CA LTE 1.8 GHz + 5G 15 GHz. Rain attenuation is considered to aim realistic solution. In the remote area (Leuwidamar), the Case 5 gives the least number of BS, with only 1.6 times densification of the current network. For the rural area cases (Panimbang), it is offered by Case 3 and Case 5 with the same number of BS. However, the best solution in terms of energy performance for both areas is Case 3. With DTX implementation, Case 3 gives an impressive amount of energy saving, with 97% in Leuwidamar and 94% saving in Panimbang. Thus, provided that our assumptions about eMBB techniques are fulfilled the Single Carrier 15 GHz link network is the most efficient

Tutorial on LTE/LTE-A Cellular Network Dimensioning Using Iterative Statistical Analysis

LTE is the fastest growing cellular technology and is expected to increase its footprint in the coming years, as well as progress toward LTE-A. The race among operators to deliver the expected quality of experience to their users is tight and demands sophisticated skills in network planning. Radio network dimensioning (RND) is an essential step in the process of network planning and has been used as a fast, but indicative, approximation of radio site count. RND is a prerequisite to the lengthy process of thorough planning. Moreover, results from RND are used by players in the industry to estimate preplanning costs of deploying and running a network; thus, RND is, as well, a key tool in cellular business modelling. In this work, we present a tutorial on radio network dimensioning, focused on LTE/LTE-A, using an iterative approach to find a balanced design that mediates among the three design requirements: coverage, capacity, and quality. This approach uses a statistical link budget analysis methodology, which jointly accounts for small and large scale fading in the channel, as well as loading due to traffic demand, in the interference calculation. A complete RND manual is thus presented, which is of key importance to operators deploying or upgrading LTE/LTE-A networks for two reasons. It is purely analytical, hence it enables fast results, a prime factor in the race undertaken. Moreover, it captures essential variables affecting network dimensions and manages conflicting targets to ensure user quality of experience, another major criterion in the competition. The described approach is compared to the traditional RND using a commercial LTE network planning tool. The outcome further dismisses the traditional RND for LTE due to unjustified increase in number of radio sites and related cost, and motivates further research in developing more effective and novel RND procedures

Modelling Load Balancing and Carrier Aggregation in Mobile Networks

In this paper, we study the performance of multicarrier mobile networks. Specifically, we analyze the flow-level performance of two inter-carrier load balancing schemes and the gain engendered by Carrier Aggregation (CA). CA is one of the most important features of HSPA+ and LTE-A networks; it allows devices to be served simultaneously by several carriers. We propose two load balancing schemes, namely Join the Fastest Queue (JFQ) and Volume Balancing (VB), that allow the traffic of CA and non-CA users to be distributed over the aggregated carriers. We then evaluate the performance of these schemes by means of analytical modeling. We show that the proposed schemes achieve quasi-ideal load balancing. We also investigate the impact of mixing traffic of CA and non-CA users in the same cell and show that performance is practically insensitive to the traffic mix.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to WiOpt201

Ethernet - a survey on its fields of application

During the last decades, Ethernet progressively became the most widely used local area networking (LAN) technology. Apart from LAN installations, Ethernet became also attractive for many other fields of application, ranging from industry to avionics, telecommunication, and multimedia. The expanded application of this technology is mainly due to its significant assets like reduced cost, backward-compatibility, flexibility, and expandability. However, this new trend raises some problems concerning the services of the protocol and the requirements for each application. Therefore, specific adaptations prove essential to integrate this communication technology in each field of application. Our primary objective is to show how Ethernet has been enhanced to comply with the specific requirements of several application fields, particularly in transport, embedded and multimedia contexts. The paper first describes the common Ethernet LAN technology and highlights its main features. It reviews the most important specific Ethernet versions with respect to each application field’s requirements. Finally, we compare these different fields of application and we particularly focus on the fundamental concepts and the quality of service capabilities of each proposal