Code camps and hackathons in education - literature review and lessons learned

Motivation: Code camps and hackathons been used in education for almost two decades. These approaches are usually intensive and for most times quite practical events for solving some real-world problems with various educational objectives. The objectives and structures of these events differ depending on the role of the event in curricula. Problem statement: Both code camps and hackathons been implemented in various ways, with varying success levels. As expected the implementation of the event varies considerably depending on the objectives set for the event, but that then leads to the difficulty and problem setting to understand what organizing of these events actually mean. For educational context, curricula have also its role in defining the targeted skills and competencies the events has to consider too. Approach: We applied a systematic literature review (SLR) to look at the various definitions and modes of these events. Whether it is called “code camp”, or “hackathon”, or anything else with the same basic meaning, we want to find out what skills and competencies these events emphasize, how they are used in Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) education and what are the general structures of the actual arranged events. Contribution: It is aim of this SLR to i) identify various possible ways of implementing these intensive events, and ii) reflect the results to the lessons we have learned of almost two decades of various intensive code camps and hackathons we have been organizing building and participating into. Based on the results, we claim that there is tremendous potential of using these events in education and in the curriculum than how it has been applied so far

Chatbots to Support Mental Wellbeing of People Living in Rural Areas: Can User Groups Contribute to Co-design?

Digital technologies such as chatbots can be used in the field of mental health. In particular, chatbots can be used to support citizens living in sparsely populated areas who face problems such as poor access to mental health services, lack of 24/7 support, barriers to engagement, lack of age appropriate support and reductions in health budgets. The aim of this study was to establish if user groups can design content for a chatbot to support the mental wellbeing of individuals in rural areas. University students and staff, mental health professionals and mental health service users (N = 78 total) were recruited to workshops across Northern Ireland, Ireland, Scotland, Finland and Sweden. The findings revealed that participants wanted a positive chatbot that was able to listen, support, inform and build a rapport with users. Gamification could be used within the chatbot to increase user engagement and retention. Content within the chatbot could include validated mental health scales and appropriate response triggers, such as signposting to external resources should the user disclose potentially harmful information or suicidal intent. Overall, the workshop participants identified user needs which can be transformed into chatbot requirements. Responsible design of mental healthcare chatbots should consider what users want or need, but also what chatbot features artificial intelligence can competently facilitate and which features mental health professionals would endorse

IDOSOS E O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS ASSISTIVAS EM CASA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA

Assistive Technologies (ATs) have great potential for healthy aging at home. Its activity reaches several sectors and it focuses on the progressive demand for improvements and new solutions. In this sense, this article aims to understand the studies direction related to ATs development, focusing on the elderly and domestic environment, in the last five years. For this, a systematic literature review was carried out in four stages according to the PRISMA recommendations. Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar were used as databases, based on pre-defined terms, with publications in English and Portuguese and the period from 2015 to 2019. 36 studies were chosen for this review, observing the development of technologies related to physical and digital artifacts, ambient assisted living, wearable and immersive products, in addition to the services implementation for home environment. From the totality of studies, it was noticeable the valuation of issues related to privacy, cost and customization, in addition to the emergence of new action contexts when compared to the related works.As Tecnologias Assistivas (TAs) possuem grande potencial de auxiliar o envelhecimento saudável em casa e seus campos de atuação atingem diversos setores, exigindo a demanda progressiva de melhoramentos e novas soluções. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva compreender o direcionamento dos estudos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de TAs com foco em idosos no ambiente doméstico, nos últimos 5 anos. Para isso, uma revisão sistemática de literatura em quatro etapas foi realizada segundo as recomendações PRISMA. Scopus, SciELO e Google Scholar foram utilizados como bases de dados, com termos pré-definidos em publicações em Inglês e Português, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram elegidos 36 estudos para a revisão, observando-se a presença do desenvolvimento de tecnologias relativas a artefatos físicos e digitais, ambientes de vida assistida, produtos vestíveis e imersivos, além da implementação de serviços para o ambiente doméstico. Da análise dos estudos, percebeu-se a valorização de questões relativas à privacidade, custo e personalização nos projetos, além do surgimento de novos contextos de ação quando comparado aos trabalhos relacionados anteriores

How and how well have older people been engaged in health care intervention design, development or delivery using co-methodologies: a scoping review with narrative summary

Co-methodological working is gaining increasing traction in health care, but studies with older people have been slower to develop. Our aim was to investigate how and how well older people have been engaged in health care intervention design, development or delivery using co-methodologies. We conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases to identify international literature published between 2009 and November 2019. We included peer-reviewed empirical research of any design. Three authors screened papers. Our review is reported in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute manual for scoping reviews, we have referred to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We data extracted to a bespoke spreadsheet and used the Co:Create Co-production Matrix to guide quality appraisal. Included studies (n=48) were diverse in nature of interventions, co-methodologies and reporting. We offer a narrative summary of included papers. Establishing how older people were engaged in co-methodological work was largely straightforward. How well this was done was more challenging, however we have identified gems of good practice and offered directions for future practice. The Co:Create Co-Production Matrix was the best fit for evaluating papers, however it is not intended as a measure per se. In essence we argue that notions of ‘best’ and ‘scores’ are an oxymoron in co-methodological working, what is important that: i) researchers embrace these methods, ii) incremental change is the way forward, iii) researchers need to do what is right for people and purpose and iv) have time to consider and articulate why they are choosing this approach and how best this can be achieved for their particular situation. Future evaluation of participant’s experience of the process would enable others to learn about what works for who and in what circumstances

Evolving reablement through occupational perspectives and welfare technology in home care

Rationale: Sweden is encountering dual societal challenges characterised by a rapidly ageing population and a diminishing home care workforce, leading to strained resources, which potentially can impact the quality of care. This situation poses a considerable risk to the health and overall well-being of older adults and home care staff. Innovative strategies are necessary to restructure the provision of home care services that promote healthy ageing and enable older adults to age in place. Reablement, as a rehabilitation approach, is recognized in other countries but is relatively new in Sweden. However, despite increased research, knowledge gaps and ambiguities persist regarding reablement’s theoretical foundation and key components. This knowledge is needed to increase transferability and facilitate successful implementations, thereby advancing the evolution of reablement. Aim: This thesis aims to contribute to the evolution of reablement in home care, using theory, occupational perspectives, and welfare technology to promote healthy ageing in place. Method: The four studies included in this thesis applied various methods to gain knowledge about different perspectives and prerequisites for reablement to evolve. Study I applied a quantitative approach where a questionnaire was sent out to 467 home care staff containing questions about their perceived psychosocial work environment and job strain. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Study II is a quasi-experimental, mixedmethod feasibility study of the reablement program ASSIST 1.0. Seven older adults and three home care staff participated in the program, and ten older adults participated in the control group and received ordinary home care. Quantitative data from clinical outcome measures were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics, and interviews and field notes were transcribed and analysed according to a qualitative content analysis. Study III is a qualitative study containing nine interviews conducted with the three home care staff involved in ASSIST 1.0 to explore how theories and concepts can evolve the understanding of reablement. The interviews were analysed with Braun & Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Study IV applies a mixed-method design to evaluate the usability and user experience of an information and communication technology system within a home care organization. Quantitative data consisted of test-based usability assessments and self-reported questionnaires, analysed with descriptive statistics. Qualitative data consisted of transcribed material from one focus group interview with six home care staff and three individual interviews with managers from the home care agency. Conclusion: The outcomes from the four studies lay the foundation for the discussion of this thesis, focusing on current reablement discourses and delving into three areas contributing to the evolution of reablement. The first two areas critically reflect on theories that can underpin reablement, strengthen the person-centred and holistic approach, and discuss why and how occupational perspectives can provide new outlooks for reablement. Combined, these two areas contribute to an evolved definition of reablement. The third area addresses why welfare technology is essential for enhancing the interprofessional and person-centred approach in reablement. Finally, it is proposed why reablement should be implemented in Sweden, advocating for a change in policies and guidelines for how home care can be reconstructed to facilitate healthy ageing in place

Facilitating family engagement in older people's home-based reablement: A realist inquiry

An ageing population brings pressures and opportunities. Since 2010, the UK Government has invested substantially in reablement, to release pressure in health and social care services and to promote wellbeing. When a deterioration in an individual’s health results in increased difficulty with everyday activities, reablement offers them short-term help to start doing things for themselves again. Current policy and guidelines for reablement emphasise a person-centred approach to delivery, making no differentiation between a service user with family and one with none. This exposes gaps in knowledge about family engagement in reablement.AimThe aim of this thesis is to build theory-led explanations about what works and does not, when engaging families in their relative’s home-based reablement.MethodsRealist methods were used to develop and refine theories. Preliminary consultation with stakeholders led into a review and synthesis of existing literature. This resulted in initial theories that were then refined through fieldwork (within a Local Authority reablement service in England). Data were collected through interviews and a focus group with study participants. A group of members of the public contributed their expertise as family carers. Data were analysed using a realist approach to identify what contexts are relevant to engaging families in reablement, how different people might respond to resources aimed at engaging them, and how, as a result, outcomes might be affected.FindingsThe findings explore four areas: instilling an understanding of reablement, the additional skills and support required by the workforce to engage families, customising service delivery to family circumstances, and empowering families to use a reabling approach themselves. They identify and link mechanisms associated with applying a reabling approach to different family contexts. They show how, for example, families can be encouraged to adopt the core mechanism of standing back with empathy in different circumstances. Considering reablement as a mindset that needs to be instilled actively in service users and their families during service delivery, the findings show that if this mindset is only introduced in a superficial way, there is a risk that families will revert to doing things for their relative, rather than helping them to maximise their capabilities in the longer term.ImplicationsThis research provides new insights into how reablement can either be enhanced or threatened by family members. It identifies considerations to take into account in future development of guidelines, policy and practice to optimise and sustain the benefits of reablement beyond its immediate delivery. It contributes to the field by reframing reablement as a relationship-centred service and mindset so as to empower families to enhance its success