Dynamic similarity promotes interpersonal coordination in joint-action

Human movement has been studied for decades and dynamic laws of motion that are common to all humans have been derived. Yet, every individual moves differently from everyone else (faster/slower, harder/smoother etc). We propose here an index of such variability, namely an individual motor signature (IMS) able to capture the subtle differences in the way each of us moves. We show that the IMS of a person is time-invariant and that it significantly differs from those of other individuals. This allows us to quantify the dynamic similarity, a measure of rapport between dynamics of different individuals' movements, and demonstrate that it facilitates coordination during interaction. We use our measure to confirm a key prediction of the theory of similarity that coordination between two individuals performing a joint-action task is higher if their motions share similar dynamic features. Furthermore, we use a virtual avatar driven by an interactive cognitive architecture based on feedback control theory to explore the effects of different kinematic features of the avatar motion on the coordination with human players

Motion enriching using humanoide captured motions

Animated humanoid characters are a delight to watch. Nowadays they are extensively used in simulators. In military applications animated characters are used for training soldiers, in medical they are used for studying to detect the problems in the joints of a patient, moreover they can be used for instructing people for an event(such as weather forecasts or giving a lecture in virtual environment). In addition to these environments computer games and 3D animation movies are taking the benefit of animated characters to be more realistic. For all of these mediums motion capture data has a great impact because of its speed and robustness and the ability to capture various motions. Motion capture method can be reused to blend various motion styles. Furthermore we can generate more motions from a single motion data by processing each joint data individually if a motion is cyclic. If the motion is cyclic it is highly probable that each joint is defined by combinations of different signals. On the other hand, irrespective of method selected, creating animation by hand is a time consuming and costly process for people who are working in the art side. For these reasons we can use the databases which are open to everyone such as Computer Graphics Laboratory of Carnegie Mellon University.Creating a new motion from scratch by hand by using some spatial tools (such as 3DS Max, Maya, Natural Motion Endorphin or Blender) or by reusing motion captured data has some difficulties. Irrespective of the motion type selected to be animated (cartoonish, caricaturist or very realistic) human beings are natural experts on any kind of motion. Since we are experienced with other peoples’ motions, and comparing each motion to the others, we can easily judge one individual’s mood from his/her body language. As being a natural master of human motions it is very difficult to convince people by a humanoid character’s animation since the recreated motions can include some unnatural artifacts (such as foot-skating, flickering of a joint)

Bitter Lands - The Making Of A Short Animated Film

My thesis is centred around the creation of a short animated film. My goals included solidifying the union of my background in 2D animation and my more recently acquired skills in 3D animation, and furthering a fictional universe which I had created in a novella. As an artist I naturally come up with visual depictions of any narratives that I create, so the transition from written word to moving image was very organic. The animation depicts an exciting scene from early on in the timeline of my text. I imagine this short film could act as a “teaser trailer” for a hypothetical full-length animated film based on my novella. I chose a scene which I hope will leave viewers guessing and wanting to know more of the story, as teaser trailers attempt to do. I used character designs and environmental sketches which I had previously made to start the animation process. The modelling, rigging, and animation was done in Autodesk Maya, using both motion capture data and animation done by hand. I first created the character models and environment, then directed an actor through the motion capture process. I imported the motion capture data into Maya, cleaned it up and supplemented it with additional shots which I created from scratch. I also used Mudbox during the animation process. Post-production was done in Photoshop, AfterEffects and Flash. I rendered this animation entirely with toon shaders and included outlines around many elements, creating a look which is very similar to 2D. Using this technique, I retain what I consider the best parts of both disciplines: the charm and organic quality of 2D animation and the greatly simplified technical maneuvers, such as camera moves, of 3D animation. Creating this animation has made me even more excited about exploring the world which I have created in my narrative. I have also discovered a style of animation which greatly appeals to me by rendering my 3D work to look two dimensional. I hope that my experiment with this technique inspires others in the animation industry to try it as well, and that my narrative inspires everyone to explore their own stories, no matter what medium they may tell them through. Film: https://vimeo.com/14809608

Prosecutor v Dragan Nikolic: decision on defence motion on illegal capture

In November 1994 the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), indicted its first accused, Dragan Nikolic. It was not until over five years later, however, in April 2000, that he was finally arrested and transferred to The Hague. The circumstances of his arrest – which reportedly featured his being violently abducted from his home in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) by Serbian criminals before being transferred to the NATO-led Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, ultimately, to the ICTY in The Hague – were the subject of a pre-trial motion. Nikolic's defence counsel asserted that the nature of his capture was such that the appropriate remedy was to dismiss the charges against him and order his return to the FRY. They made this assertion despite an admission, for the purposes of the motion, that the captors lacked any connection with SFOR or the ICTY. The trial chamber rejected the motion. In reaching its decision, the trial chamber considered fundamental issues about what constituted an illegal capture for the purposes of the ICTY and, without explicitly doing so, appeared to reject the view of the Court in <i>Eichmann</i> that a person may not oppose his being tried by reason of the illegality of his capture

Northern Lights Ceilidh:playful digital interventions in a Scottish tradition

Northern Lights Ceilidh (NLC) was a one-off event which added a modern twist to traditional Scottish dancing, music and performance and added a digital infusion of technology mediated interactions to proceedings. The event marked the end of an international games competition hosted in Dundee each year, Dare to be Digital (DtbD) inviting the participants in the games competition and the general public to attend. In total 208 people attended NLC, 75 of whom were participants in DtbD.It is not possible to determine how many of the participants were external to Abertay University. However, 50% of respondents to a survey relating to NLC1 (the survey was completed by 12% of the total attendees) cited they found out about the event through sources external to Dare to be Digital which could suggest that there were attendees who had no link to Dare to be Digital and Abertay University.The Ceilidh was part funded by the year of Homecoming Scotland, and thus sought to weave historical Scottish traditions with new traditions in Scotland (i.e. weaving ceilidh, poetry and dance with new forms of design including 3D printed jewellery and interactive technology). NLC was held in a high-tech marquee in Dundee City Square on the 8th of August 2014. The marquee had been used for four days as the site of the DtbD games showcase and was transformed into a dance hall for the event.NLC aimed to, through digital mediation, provide participants with agency commonly associated with digital media. Participants were able to contribute to the creation of a digital aesthetic which was layered upon the physical ceilidh experience through projection and real-time manipulation of live video feeds. The participants could alter and manipulate their movement to change what happened on screen, co-creating not only the dance elements of the ceilidh but also the digital spectacle.The ceilidh was designed Lynn Parker, and Clare Brennan. Ryan Locke provided imagery which was used as the setting for digital animation production by Lynn Parker. A jeweller, Elizabeth Armour, was commissioned to create custom jewellery for the event, a 3D printed brooch and two digital artists, Stuart MacBean and Yana Hristova were commissioned to create an animated ‘peep’ board with which attendees were encouraged to take photographs. During the event itself, the band Whiskey Kiss called the dances and provided the music whilst a performer recited poetry to open the event. Quartic Llama, an interactive media company were commissioned to create a digital app to promote the event, titled Lightstream (Quartic Llama, 2014).Lynn Parker led the design of interactive media interventions into the event, the creation of animation sequences and live visuals during the event, developed branding for the event, carried out client facing work with Quartic Llama and collaborated with her colleagues in the facilitation and organisation of the event.Northern Lights Ceilidh as practice-led-research work offers insight into design approaches to support and facilitate social interaction. The social nature of the ceilidh event provides a template for community creation and the layering of digital intervention provides a basis from which the mediation of interaction through both human and technology mediated play can be evaluated.The addition of a digital layer to the ceilidh setting provides an extra level of participation in the event, where the participants can not only make the event come to life through participating in the dances but also in their manipulation of their movement to shape the digital visualisations on screen. The experience of the participants of both the ceilidh setting and of digital mediation provides valuable underpinning for the evaluation of these factors through practice-led-research

Choreographic and Somatic Approaches for the Development of Expressive Robotic Systems

As robotic systems are moved out of factory work cells into human-facing environments questions of choreography become central to their design, placement, and application. With a human viewer or counterpart present, a system will automatically be interpreted within context, style of movement, and form factor by human beings as animate elements of their environment. The interpretation by this human counterpart is critical to the success of the system's integration: knobs on the system need to make sense to a human counterpart; an artificial agent should have a way of notifying a human counterpart of a change in system state, possibly through motion profiles; and the motion of a human counterpart may have important contextual clues for task completion. Thus, professional choreographers, dance practitioners, and movement analysts are critical to research in robotics. They have design methods for movement that align with human audience perception, can identify simplified features of movement for human-robot interaction goals, and have detailed knowledge of the capacity of human movement. This article provides approaches employed by one research lab, specific impacts on technical and artistic projects within, and principles that may guide future such work. The background section reports on choreography, somatic perspectives, improvisation, the Laban/Bartenieff Movement System, and robotics. From this context methods including embodied exercises, writing prompts, and community building activities have been developed to facilitate interdisciplinary research. The results of this work is presented as an overview of a smattering of projects in areas like high-level motion planning, software development for rapid prototyping of movement, artistic output, and user studies that help understand how people interpret movement. Finally, guiding principles for other groups to adopt are posited.Comment: Under review at MDPI Arts Special Issue "The Machine as Artist (for the 21st Century)" http://www.mdpi.com/journal/arts/special_issues/Machine_Artis

Toward a model of computational attention based on expressive behavior: applications to cultural heritage scenarios

Our project goals consisted in the development of attention-based analysis of human expressive behavior and the implementation of real-time algorithm in EyesWeb XMI in order to improve naturalness of human-computer interaction and context-based monitoring of human behavior. To this aim, perceptual-model that mimic human attentional processes was developed for expressivity analysis and modeled by entropy. Museum scenarios were selected as an ecological test-bed to elaborate three experiments that focus on visitor profiling and visitors flow regulation

Prosecutor v Todorovic: illegal capture as an obstacle to the exercise of international criminal jurisdiction

For years the majority of those individuals publicly indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) remained at large due to a lack of co-operation from states whose assistance was required to effect their arrest. In order to assist in this regard, various operations have been undertaken since 1997 by which UN and regional missions have taken steps to assist the ICTY in the difficult task of bringing accused before the Tribunal in The Hague. Such steps were taken in the case of Stevan Todorovic, who was captured and transferred to The Hague by means of an operation shrouded in secrecy and alleged to have involved illegal behaviour on the part of the NATO-led Stabilization Force. The following article discusses the nature of Todorovic's arrest (based on the limited facts available) and his various attempts to have his indictment dismissed due to the nature of his arrest. In so doing, it considers the state of the law regarding the appropriateness of an international judicial body proceeding with the trial of an individual brought before it by potentially illegal means. Although a plea agreement was reached in the case, with the result that the judicial consideration of the issues is limited, important issues are nevertheless raised in the arguments of the Office of the Prosecution and the defence counsel which are likely to recur in similar cases in the future