Modeling the dynamics of maritime territories to assess the vulnerability of the maritime network

International audienceThe maritime supply chain of energy concerns all trips done between ports on the maritime space. The use of this space has in-crease since 1970. This increase is due to the globalization, a strong increase of the demand of energy and freight, containerization of goods and economies of scale (Rodrigue, 2013). Due to the development of maritime transport, a territorialization process appears on mari-time space (Parrain, 2012). For Di Meo (2001) “Territorialize space is for a socie-ty to multiply places to install networks in both concrete and symbolic”. These lo-cations exist on the maritime space, and can be physical (e.g. weather, reefs) socio-economical (E.g use for navigation, exploitation) or political/legal (e.g. TSS, EEZ). All these locations formalize a spatial heterogeneity and a spatial dynamic, due to the permanent evolution of maritime locations. These maritime territories can be risky for maritime transport, taking into account the environment, human activities or deliberate actions. Risks can product disruptions and affect the capaci-ty of a spatial mediator (maritime space) to link the different parts within this me-diator (Gleyze, 2005). The main goal of this research is to propose a modeling ap-proach of the maritime network; we use an agent-based system to simulate vessel trajectories. This approach will be able to measure, by the spatio-temporal features of disruption, the vulnerability of the maritime network and especially the mari-time supply chain of energy

Exploring Social Sustainability and Economic Practices

Given the three pillars of sustainability, besides the environment, the interplay of social and economic dimensions provides valuable insight into how society is molded and the key components that should be considere. In terms of social sustainability, processes and framework objectives promote the wellbeing that is integral to the balance of people, planet, and profit. Economic practices consider the system of production, resource allocation, and distribution of goods and services with respect to demand and supply between economic agents. As a result, an economic system is a variant of the social system in which it exists. At present, the forefront of social sustainability research partially encompasses the impact of economic practices on people and society, with notable emphasis centered on the urban environment. Specific interdisciplinary analyses within the scope of sustainability, social development, competitiveness, and motivational management, as well as decision making within the urban landscape, are considered. This book contains nine thoroughly refereed contributions that interconnect detailed research into the two pillars reviewed

Global patterns of international fisheries conflict

International conflict over fishery resources is a growing security concern. Increasing incidences of conflict, diminishing fishery resources and climate impacts on marine systems have alerted the international community to the potential of fisheries conflict as a security threat. However, we lack knowledge on conflict events over time, as well as the contextual variables shaping conflict. To address that gap, Jessica's thesis provides detailed understanding of the patterns of international fisheries conflict, including its frequency, type, geography, temporal dimensions, immediate drivers and underlying conditions (1974-2016). Insight into these patterns can aid improved development of conflict management strategies and policies to ensure future ocean security

Relevance of carbon stocks of marine sediments for national greenhouse gas inventories of maritime nations

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Carbon Balance and Management 12 (2017): 10, doi:10.1186/s13021-017-0077-x.Determining national carbon stocks is essential in the framework of ongoing climate change mitigation actions. Presently, assessment of carbon stocks in the context of greenhouse gas (GHG)-reporting on a nation-by-nation basis focuses on the terrestrial realm, i.e., carbon held in living plant biomass and soils, and on potential changes in these stocks in response to anthropogenic activities. However, while the ocean and underlying sediments store substantial quantities of carbon, this pool is presently not considered in the context of national inventories. The ongoing disturbances to both terrestrial and marine ecosystems as a consequence of food production, pollution, climate change and other factors, as well as alteration of linkages and C-exchange between continental and oceanic realms, highlight the need for a better understanding of the quantity and vulnerability of carbon stocks in both systems. We present a preliminary comparison of the stocks of organic carbon held in continental margin sediments within the Exclusive Economic Zone of maritime nations with those in their soils. Our study focuses on Namibia, where there is a wealth of marine sediment data, and draws comparisons with sediment data from two other countries with different characteristics, which are Pakistan and the United Kingdom. Results indicate that marine sediment carbon stocks in maritime nations can be similar in magnitude to those of soils. Therefore, if human activities in these areas are managed, carbon stocks in the oceanic realm—particularly over continental margins—could be considered as part of national GHG inventories. This study shows that marine sediment organic carbon stocks can be equal in size or exceed terrestrial carbon stocks of maritime nations. This provides motivation both for improved assessment of sedimentary carbon inventories and for reevaluation of the way that carbon stocks are assessed and valued. The latter carries potential implications for the management of human activities on coastal environments and for their GHG inventories.We acknowledge research support from ETH Zurich and the Swiss National Science Foundation

The effects of climate change and abatement policies on the value of natural resources in Northern Europe and in the Arctic Sea area

The impact of the climate on the Arctic plays a crucial role for Finland's, as well as other Nordic countries', current and future climatic conditions. Far-reaching and multi-faceted changes are taking place in the Arctic, which have profound consequences for the region's economic and political significance in international relations. The review analyses the effects of climate change and likely climate abatement policies on the accessibility and value of natural resources in Northern Europe in the Arctic Sea area and on the logistical position of Northern Europe with a special emphasis on Finland

The Interconnected Arctic — UArctic Congress 2016

climate change; Arctic; vulnerability; environment; marine and terrestrial polar landscapes; indigenous knowledge; touris

Control of Invasive Forest Species through the Creation of a Value Chain: Acacia dealbata Biomass Recovery

In Portugal, some species are now considered invasive by law and have proliferated inrecent years. Among these,Acacia dealbatastands out. This work investigated the behavior ofthis species, in order to characterize and evaluate its potential as raw material for biomass pelletsproduction, while controlling its proliferation. It was found thatA. dealbatahas a large capacity forraw material supply, as cutting 2 ha resulted in about 140 tons of biomass. Thus, the attributionof a market value for this material could result in a reduction in the area occupied by the invasivespecies, once the demand for it increases, causing a pressure over the resource. This pressure onthe species must be duly followed by other control measures, such as reducing the population andmitigating its proliferation. Laboratory tests have shown that both the raw material and the finishedproduct are similar to those obtained with other species normally used for biomass pellet production,such asPinus pinasterandEucalyptus globulus. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a high potentialfor this species in the production of biomass pellets for energy, and that this may be an importantcontribution to controlling the proliferation of this invasive species

Management in the High North : young researchers' contribution : collection of essays : volume 3

As part of the EduGov project, the PhD course "Governance in the High North: Implications for Arctic Private and Public sector" was organized. The course was open to international scholars from various fields (business studies, economics, public administration, political science, etc). The essays from these students represent this Volume 3 and focus on the governance in the public and private sectors in the context of the High North and in general. In addition, PhD students were asked to reflect on and discuss learning points from participating in the PhD course in relation to their ongoing research Project