Mapping Wireless Communication Algorithms onto a Reconfigurable Architecture

Future mobile communication systems have to be flexible while adapting to environmental conditions and user demands. These systems also have to be energy-efficient as they are used in battery-operated terminals. We expect that heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware can overcome the contradicting requirements in flexibility, energy-efficiency and performance. A coarse-grain reconfigurable processor, called MONTIUM, is presented. An overview of a wireless LAN communication system, HiperLAN/2, and a Bluetooth communication system will be given. Possible implementations of these systems in heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware are discussed. Performance figures of the implemented HiperLAN/2 baseband processing in the MONTIUM architecture are presented. The required performance can be obtained at low clock frequencies with small configuration overhead. The flexibility of the MONTIUM is shown, as the baseband processing of both HiperLAN/2 and Bluetooth is implemented on the same architecture

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR STOCKPILE BATUBARA UNTUK MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Stockpile batubara merupakan tempat penampungan sementara batubara. Pemanfaatan lahan untuk lokasi stockpile batubara dapat mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan. Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari run-off stockpile dan coal wetting mengandung logam, padatan tersuspensi dan sejumlah zat terlarut. Keberadaan limbah cair yang berasal dari perlindian batubara dapat menurunkan derajat keasaman (pH) serta meningkatkan kandungan padatan tersuspensi total (TSS), besi (Fe), dan Mangan (Mn) yang bila tidak diolah akan memberikan dampak negatif pada lingkungan sekitarnya. Pemantauan dampak lingkungan pada stockpile dimaksudkan untuk melakukan pengkajian lingkungan akibat adanya dampak yang timbul dengan keberadaan dan kegiatan operasional penumpukan batubara. Analisis dampak, berdasarkan nilai efluen, pencemaran udara (debu), tanah dan air dengan melihat parameter dari limbah cair batubara yaitu pH, TSS, logam Mn, dan Fe (Pergub Sumsel No. 8 Tahun 2012). Penelitian diarahkan pada pengolahan limbah cair stockpile batubara skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan proses elektrokoagulasi (tanpa menggunakan koagulan) secara batch dan kontinyu dengan menggunakan elektroda aluminium dengan memvariasikan arus 1 – 5 ampere dan lamanya waktu kontak antara limbah cair dengan elektroda (60, 75, 90, 120 menit). Pada tahap awal akan mengkarakterisasi limbah cair stockpile batubara. Hasil dari karakterisasi yaitu pH 4,8, kadar TSS 324 ppm, kadar logam Fe 7,86 ppm, dan kadar logam Mn 6,44 ppm. Hasil ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam mengolah limbah cair stockpile batubara. Hasil pengolahan secara batch menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan polutan 89,7% untuk logam Fe, 94,6% untuk logam mangan dengan waktu reaksi optimum 120 menit dan density arus 1000 A/m2, sedangkan hasil dari pengolahan limbah cair stockpile batubara secara kontinyu menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik, dimana efisiensi penyisihan untuk logam Fe 99,11%; logam Mn 95,65%, dan TSS 88,67% dengan kondisi operasi potensial listrik 24 volt dan waktu reaksi 120 menit

Advancing the Campaign Against Child Labor: Efforts at the Country Level

International Child Labor Program - Bureau of International Labor Affairs(ILAB)ChildLaborAdvancingCampaign.pdf: 3001 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Advancing the Campaign Against Child Labor: Efforts at the Country Level

The report builds upon the ILAB’s 1998 report, including information on additional countries in regards to child labor

Adaptive, reliable, and accurate positioning model for location-based services

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis presents a new strategy in achieving highly reliable and accurate position solutions fulfilling the requirements of Location-Based Services (LBS) pedestrians’ applications. The new strategy is divided into two main parts. The first part integrates the available positioning technology within the surrounding LBS application context by introducing an adaptive LBS framework. The context can be described as a group of factors affecting the application behaviour; this includes environmental states, available resources and user preferences. The proposed adaptive framework consists of several stages, such as defining the contextual factors that have a direct effect on the positioning performance, identifying preliminary positioning performance requirements associated with different LBS application groups, and introducing an intelligent positioning services selection function. The second part of this work involves the design and development of a novel positioning model that is responsible for delivering highly reliable, accurate and precise position solutions to LBS users. This new model is based on the single frequency GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS). Additionally, it is incorporated within the adaptive LBS framework while providing the position solutions, in which all identified contextual factors and application requirements are accounted. The positioning model operates over a client-server architecture including two main components, described as the Localisation Server (LS) and the Mobile Unit (MU). Hybrid functional approaches were developed at both components consisting of several processing procedures allowing the positioning model to operate in two position determination modes. Stand-alone mode is used if enough navigation information was available at the MU using its local positioning device (GPS/EGNOS receiver). Otherwise, server-based mode is utilised, in which the LS intervenes and starts providing the required position solutions. At the LS, multiple sources of GPS augmentation services were received using the Internet as the sole augmentation data transportation medium. The augmentation data was then processed and integrated for the purpose of guaranteeing the availability of valid and reliable information required for the provision of accurate and precise position solutions. Two main advanced position computation methods were developed at the LS, described as coordinate domain and raw domain. The positioning model was experimentally evaluated. According to the reported results, the LS through the developed position computation methods, was able to provide position samples with an accuracy of less than 2 meters, with high precision at 95% confidence level; this was achieved in urban, rural, and open space (clear satellite view) navigation environments. Additionally, the integrity of the position solutions was guaranteed in such environments during more than 90% of the navigation time, taking into consideration the identified integrity thresholds (Horizontal Alert Limits (HAL)=11 m). This positioning performance has outperformed the existing GPS/EGNOS service which was implemented at the MU in all scenarios and environments. In addition, utilising a simulation evaluation facility the developed positioning model performance was quantified with reference to a hybrid positioning service that will be offered by future Galileo Open Service (OS) along with GPS/EGNOS. Using the statistical t-test, it was concluded that there is no significant difference in terms of the position samples’ accuracy achieved from the developed positioning model and the hybrid system at a particular navigation environment described as rural area. The p-value was 0.08 and the level of significance used was 0.05. However, a significant difference in terms of the service integrity for the advantage of the hybrid system was experienced in all remaining scenarios and environments more especially the urban areas due to surrounding obstacles and conditions

Data and the city – accessibility and openness. a cybersalon paper on open data

This paper showcases examples of bottom–up open data and smart city applications and identifies lessons for future such efforts. Examples include Changify, a neighbourhood-based platform for residents, businesses, and companies; Open Sensors, which provides APIs to help businesses, startups, and individuals develop applications for the Internet of Things; and Cybersalon’s Hackney Treasures. a location-based mobile app that uses Wikipedia entries geolocated in Hackney borough to map notable local residents. Other experiments with sensors and open data by Cybersalon members include Ilze Black and Nanda Khaorapapong's The Breather, a "breathing" balloon that uses high-end, sophisticated sensors to make air quality visible; and James Moulding's AirPublic, which measures pollution levels. Based on Cybersalon's experience to date, getting data to the people is difficult, circuitous, and slow, requiring an intricate process of leadership, public relations, and perseverance. Although there are myriad tools and initiatives, there is no one solution for the actual transfer of that data

Dienstekomposition in intelligenten Umgebungen basierend auf KI-Planung

In intelligenten Umgebungen wird das Zusammenspiel mehrerer Dienste benötigt, welches durch eine Dienstekomposition erzielt werden kann. KIPlanung ist eine Methode, dies umzusetzen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde experimentell das Laufzeitverhalten von verschiedenen Planern untersucht. Daneben wurden die Möglichkeiten der Modellierung von Problemen der Dienstekomposition evaluiert, was zu einer Richtline für die verteilte Modellierung von Dienstbeschreibungen führte. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen wurde ein Composer entworfen und umgesetzt, der verschiedene Planer nutzen kann