Kearifan Lokal Tambang Rakyat sebagai Wujud Ecoliteracy di Kabupaten Bangka

The issues studied in this research included, first: how to build ecoliteracy for a sustainable environment? Second, how the local wisdom in people mining as a form of ecoliteracy in Bangka is. This research used a socio-legal approach with the techniques of data collection through documentation, participative observation and interviews. The result of the research concluded that first: ecoliteracy development for a sustainable environment can be done by reviewing the local wisdom of local communities. The participation of community in protecting and preserving local wisdom is in line with Article 70 paragraph (3) letter (e) of Law No. 32 Year 2009. Second, the local wisdom of people mining in the form of ampak tin is an essential element to build ecoliteracy in Bangka. The local wisdom in people mining in the form of ampak tin needs to be strengthened in the form of regulations of local governments to prevent Bangka Regency from the threat of environmental damages. In addition, the ampak tin must be preserved and used as a form ecoliteracy in Bangka for a sustainable environment

The Role of Balunijuk Indigenous Communities Against Unconventional Mining a Malay Inner Perspective

This research was conducted in Balunijuk Village, whose indigenous people prefer to reject tin mining as their way of life. It is interesting for the author to examine the role of the indigenous people of Balunijuk village in fighting unconventional mines from an inner Malay perspective and how the methods used by the indigenous people of Balunijuk village to fight unconventional mines from an inner Malay perspective. The research method used is socio-legal. The role of the indigenous people of Balunijuk Village in fighting Unconventional Mining within the Malay inner framework includes (1) protecting the living space of indigenous peoples, (2) preventing corrupt acts in the living areas of indigenous peoples, (3) preventing the criminalization of indigenous peoples. The method used by the Balunijuk indigenous people against the existence of unconventional mining is to use existing local wisdom, namely ampak. The advice given is that the existence of local wisdom that has sacred values should get a better place in solving problems that arise. Keywords: Role, Indigenous Peoples of Balunijuk Village, Unconventional Minin

Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable

The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain. Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners. Conventional wisdom asserts that the protocol is incentive-compatible and secure against colluding minority groups, i.e., it incentivizes miners to follow the protocol as prescribed. We show that the Bitcoin protocol is not incentive-compatible. We present an attack with which colluding miners obtain a revenue larger than their fair share. This attack can have significant consequences for Bitcoin: Rational miners will prefer to join the selfish miners, and the colluding group will increase in size until it becomes a majority. At this point, the Bitcoin system ceases to be a decentralized currency. Selfish mining is feasible for any group size of colluding miners. We propose a practical modification to the Bitcoin protocol that protects against selfish mining pools that command less than 1/4 of the resources. This threshold is lower than the wrongly assumed 1/2 bound, but better than the current reality where a group of any size can compromise the system

Saminist's Indigenous Knowledge in Water Conservation in North Karts Kendeng Sukolilo

Saminist is indigenous peoples and a local communities at North karts Kendeng. Saminist expected that North Karts Kendeng maintained and conserved continuity to be able to contribute to the life around this region especially abundant water. Water is one of the main needs of living beings on Earth, besides that water is a primary requirement of farmers in farming communities. Saminist as traditional community who only permitted to be farmers still practice the environmental wisdom from their heritage which aims to preserve the natural environment so that they could alive depend on nature around, especially Saminist just sack their business of farming crops that are not market oriented as much farming is done farmers in general. They tried to maintain a relationship of harmony between communities around the North Karts Kendeng to conserve North Karts Kendeng region from mining destruction, the negative impacts from mining in this region was disappears of water and others impacts such as natural disaster, flood, rough, and danger of tornado. North Karts Kendeng Sukolilo have 79 springs and 24 caves spread across 3 sub-district namely Sukolilo, Kayen and Tambakromo. Abundant natural resources certainly is a gift that needs to be maintained and conserved. To maintain and conserve this region with planting the three, not mining the rocks, maintain local wisdom, and refusal cement industry in North Karts Kendeng Sukolilo

"May I borrow Your Filter?" Exchanging Filters to Combat Spam in a Community

Leveraging social networks in computer systems can be effective in dealing with a number of trust and security issues. Spam is one such issue where the "wisdom of crowds" can be harnessed by mining the collective knowledge of ordinary individuals. In this paper, we present a mechanism through which members of a virtual community can exchange information to combat spam. Previous attempts at collaborative spam filtering have concentrated on digest-based indexing techniques to share digests or fingerprints of emails that are known to be spam. We take a different approach and allow users to share their spam filters instead, thus dramatically reducing the amount of traffic generated in the network. The resultant diversity in the filters and cooperation in a community allows it to respond to spam in an autonomic fashion. As a test case for exchanging filters we use the popular SpamAssassin spam filtering software and show that exchanging spam filters provides an alternative method to improve spam filtering performance

Integration and mining of malaria molecular, functional and pharmacological data: how far are we from a chemogenomic knowledge space?

The organization and mining of malaria genomic and post-genomic data is highly motivated by the necessity to predict and characterize new biological targets and new drugs. Biological targets are sought in a biological space designed from the genomic data from Plasmodium falciparum, but using also the millions of genomic data from other species. Drug candidates are sought in a chemical space containing the millions of small molecules stored in public and private chemolibraries. Data management should therefore be as reliable and versatile as possible. In this context, we examined five aspects of the organization and mining of malaria genomic and post-genomic data: 1) the comparison of protein sequences including compositionally atypical malaria sequences, 2) the high throughput reconstruction of molecular phylogenies, 3) the representation of biological processes particularly metabolic pathways, 4) the versatile methods to integrate genomic data, biological representations and functional profiling obtained from X-omic experiments after drug treatments and 5) the determination and prediction of protein structures and their molecular docking with drug candidate structures. Progresses toward a grid-enabled chemogenomic knowledge space are discussed.Comment: 43 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Malaria Journa

We Don't Need Another Hero? The Impact of "Heroes" on Software Development

A software project has "Hero Developers" when 80% of contributions are delivered by 20% of the developers. Are such heroes a good idea? Are too many heroes bad for software quality? Is it better to have more/less heroes for different kinds of projects? To answer these questions, we studied 661 open source projects from Public open source software (OSS) Github and 171 projects from an Enterprise Github. We find that hero projects are very common. In fact, as projects grow in size, nearly all project become hero projects. These findings motivated us to look more closely at the effects of heroes on software development. Analysis shows that the frequency to close issues and bugs are not significantly affected by the presence of project type (Public or Enterprise). Similarly, the time needed to resolve an issue/bug/enhancement is not affected by heroes or project type. This is a surprising result since, before looking at the data, we expected that increasing heroes on a project will slow down howfast that project reacts to change. However, we do find a statistically significant association between heroes, project types, and enhancement resolution rates. Heroes do not affect enhancement resolution rates in Public projects. However, in Enterprise projects, the more heroes increase the rate at which project complete enhancements. In summary, our empirical results call for a revision of a long-held truism in software engineering. Software heroes are far more common and valuable than suggested by the literature, particularly for medium to large Enterprise developments. Organizations should reflect on better ways to find and retain more of these heroesComment: 8 pages + 1 references, Accepted to International conference on Software Engineering - Software Engineering in Practice, 201

Specious rules: an efficient and effective unifying method for removing misleading and uninformative patterns in association rule mining

We present theoretical analysis and a suite of tests and procedures for addressing a broad class of redundant and misleading association rules we call \emph{specious rules}. Specious dependencies, also known as \emph{spurious}, \emph{apparent}, or \emph{illusory associations}, refer to a well-known phenomenon where marginal dependencies are merely products of interactions with other variables and disappear when conditioned on those variables. The most extreme example is Yule-Simpson's paradox where two variables present positive dependence in the marginal contingency table but negative in all partial tables defined by different levels of a confounding factor. It is accepted wisdom that in data of any nontrivial dimensionality it is infeasible to control for all of the exponentially many possible confounds of this nature. In this paper, we consider the problem of specious dependencies in the context of statistical association rule mining. We define specious rules and show they offer a unifying framework which covers many types of previously proposed redundant or misleading association rules. After theoretical analysis, we introduce practical algorithms for detecting and pruning out specious association rules efficiently under many key goodness measures, including mutual information and exact hypergeometric probabilities. We demonstrate that the procedure greatly reduces the number of associations discovered, providing an elegant and effective solution to the problem of association mining discovering large numbers of misleading and redundant rules.Comment: Note: This is a corrected version of the paper published in SDM'17. In the equation on page 4, the range of the sum has been correcte