2005 BRAC Commission

DISREGARD RESTRICTION HEADER AND FOOTER - White Sands MR Installation Familiarization Briefing (27 Apr 04

The Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Campaign Plan FY2004-2011

As the Department of Defense (DOD) Executive Agent for Joint Experimentation, USJFCOM develops a broad, multi-year, iterative Campaign Plan for the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. Principal authorities for development of this campaign plan are found in the Secretary's Transformation Planning Guidance and the Chairman's Joint Experimentation Guidance.2 This plan has been developed through extensive collaboration with Combatant Command, Service, Joint Staff, Office of the Secretary of Defense and selected interagency and multinational partners. The strategy and methodology described in this plan have been in execution for over one year. The campaign has already improved joint warfighting and resulted in innovative joint concepts. Unclassifie

Critical Infrastructure Interdependency Modeling: A Survey of U.S. and International Research

The Nation’s health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, processes, and organizations across which these goods and services move are called "critical infrastructures".1 This statement is as true in the U.S. as in any country in the world. Recent world events such as the 9-11 terrorist attacks, London bombings, and gulf coast hurricanes have highlighted the importance of stable electric, gas and oil, water, transportation, banking and finance, and control and communication infrastructure systems. Be it through direct connectivity, policies and procedures, or geospatial proximity, most critical infrastructure systems interact. These interactions often create complex relationships, dependencies, and interdependencies that cross infrastructure boundaries. The modeling and analysis of interdependencies between critical infrastructure elements is a relatively new and very important field of study. The U.S. Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) has sponsored this survey to identify and describe this current area of research including the current activities in this field being conducted both in the U.S. and internationally. The main objective of this study is to develop a single source reference of critical infrastructure interdependency modeling tools (CIIMT) that could be applied to allow users to objectively assess the capabilities of CIIMT. This information will provide guidance for directing research and development to address the gaps in development. The results will inform researchers of the TSWG Infrastructure Protection Subgroup of research and development efforts and allow a more focused approach to addressing the needs of CIIMT end-user needs. This report first presents the field of infrastructure interdependency analysis, describes the survey methodology, and presents the leading research efforts in both a cumulative table and through individual datasheets. Data was collected from open source material and when possible through direct contact with the individuals leading the research

Improving and Measuring Learning at Cyber Defence Exercises

Küberõppusi peetakse üheks efektiivseimaks meetodiks erinevate sihtgruppide koolitamisel, see sobib nii (sõjaväelistele) professionaalsetele meeskondadele kui individuaalsetele õpilastele. Samas põhinevad teadmised õppustel saavutatud õpitulemustest peamiselt suulisel infol ja metoodika efektiivsust pole tõestatud. Käesolev töö käsitleb õppimist küberkaitseõppustel ning keskendub õpitulemuste hindamisele. Erinevate õppuste formaatide seast on antud töö aluseks valitud tehnilised küberkaitseõppused, milles on esindatud punaste ja siniste meeskonnad. Töös analüüsitakse kübekaitseõppusi lähtuvalt täiskasvanu õpiteooriatest ja õpitulemuste mõõtmise hetkeolukorda küberkaitseõppuste raamistikus. Õpitulemusi mõõdeti kahel küberkaitseõppusel, Locked Shields ja Crossed Swords. Neist esimene on suurim avalik küberkaitseõppus maailmas peaaegu 900 osalejaga ning peamiseks koolitusgrupiks on siniste meeskonnad. Teine õppus on väiksemahuline punaste meeskonna õppus. Locked Shields ja Crossed Swords on korraldatud NATO küberkaitsekeskuse poolt. Sellised õppused on tehniliselt väga komplekssed ning nii korraldajatele kui osalejatele keerukad. Seetõttu vajavad nii õppuse disain kui õpitulemuste mõõtmine suuremat tähelepanu. Käesolev töö pakub välja uudse ja skaleeritava õpitulemuste mõõtmise metoodika, nn. “5-ajatempli metoodika”. Metoodika hõlmab nii efektiivset tagasisidet (s.h. võrdlusvõimalus) kui õpitulemuste mõõtmist. See võimaldab hinnata meeskondade tegevustulemust, ja väidab, et tulemuste muutus ajas näitab ka õpitulemusi. Ajatempleid saab koguda nii traditsiooniliste meetoditega (nt. intervjuud, vaatlused ja küsimustikud), aga ka potentsiaalselt mitte-intrusiivselt võrgulogidest (nt. pcap’id). Metoodika aitab parandada tagasisidet, tuvastada õppuse disaininõrkusi ja näidata kübekaitseõppuste õpiväärtust. Crossed Swords õppuse hindamisel keskenduti eelkõige osalejatele (punaste meeskond) kohese tagasiside andmisele nende tegevuste kohta. Käesolev töö annab olulise panuse küberkaitseõppuste õpitulemuste hindamise teoreetiliste ja praktiliste aluste kohta ning pakub välja praktilised soovitused õpikogemuse parendamiseks.Cyber security exercises are believed to be the most effective training for all training audiences from top (military) professional teams to individual students. However, evidence of learning outcomes for those exercises are often anecdotal and not validated. This thesis takes a fresh look at learning in Cyber Defence Exercises (CDXs) and focuses on measuring learning outcomes. As such exercises come in a variety of formats, this thesis focuses on technical CDXs with Red and Blue teaming elements. The review of adult learning theories and current state of learning measurement in CDXs context are presented. The learning measurements are performed at two CDXs: Locked Shields and Crossed Swords. First one is the largest unclassified live-fire CDX in the world with nearly 900 participants (with Blue teams as main training audience). Second one is a small scale exercise designed to train Red teams. Both exercises are organised by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCD COE). Such top-end CDXs are highly complex, which makes it hard for organisers and participants to handle. Therefore, both learning design and measurement need careful consideration. This work proposes a novel and scalable learning measurement methodology, called the “5-timestamp methodology”. This method aims at accommodating for both—effective feedback (including benchmarking opportunity) and learning measurement. The method is capable of assessing team performance, and argues that changes in performance over time equal learning. The timestamps can either be collected using traditional methods, such as interviews, observations and surveys, but also potentially be obtained non-obtrusively from raw network traces (such as pcaps). The method enhances the feedback loop, allows identifying learning design flaws, and provides solid evidence of learning value for CDXs. Crossed Swords measurement focused on providing the training audience (Red team) with instant feedback about their actions to ensure effective learning. This work contributes to theoretical foundations and in practical terms by providing practical recommendations readily applicable for improvement of learning experience in CDXs

The superpower, the bridge-builder and the hesitant ally : how defense transformation divided NATO (1991-2008)

What shaped the defense transformation policies of NATO member-states? And what does it mean for the future of the alliance? This dissertation explores the impact of the strategic cultures of the United States, the Netherlands and Germany on their efforts to adapt their defense policies and armed forces in light of significant changes in the security environment. Transformation was the central concept around which the Alliance was believed to find renewed cohesion. Instead, transformation in an era of expeditionary operations unearthed divergent views regarding the use of the military instrument. Each state pursued transformation differently and confronted different problems. These difficulties reflected the unique characteristics of their strategic culture. On the basis of the research it can be concluded that effective transformation can only take place when the characteristics of a state's strategic culture are taken into account. For NATO, it means that, unless the security environment changes substantially, friction within the alliance will persist and instead it will be necessary to work with these differences, rather than ignore them at its peril.LEI Universiteit LeidenTNO; Fulbright CenterPolitieke Instituties: Ontwerp, functioneren, effecte

OVERVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE TEST AND TRAINING ENABLING ARCHITECTURE (TENA)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaSponsored by the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) under the Director of Test and Evaluation (DOT&E), the Foundation Initiative 2010 (FI 2010) project is chartered to enable interoperability among ranges, facilities, and simulations in a timely and cost-efficient manner and to foster reuse of range assets and future software systems. To achieve this vision, FI 2010 has developed and is validating a common architecture called the Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA), which provides for real-time software system interoperability using the TENA Middleware, as well as interfaces to existing range assets, C4ISR systems, and simulations. The TENA middleware is being developed using an iterative development process, with functionality being released in four “spirals.” The current software version, Release 3.0, was built upon previous releases and provides some key functionality enhancements to include multicast transport, vector data types and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) multicast communication support. This paper will provide detailed information on the current status of the FI 2010 project, the TENA Middleware Release 3.0, and how the TENA software has been utilized to support test and training events (e.g., Millennium Challenge 02).International Foundation for TelemeteringProceedings from the International Telemetering Conference are made available by the International Foundation for Telemetering and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit http://www.telemetry.org/index.php/contact-us if you have questions about items in this collection